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Matrix Inversion Methods Explained

The document defines the concept of an inverse matrix, stating that a square matrix A is invertible if there exists a matrix B such that AB = BA = I, with the condition that det(A) ≠ 0. It outlines properties of inverses, including uniqueness and the relationship between the inverses of products and powers of matrices. Additionally, it describes the adjoint method and row reduction method for finding the inverse of matrices, providing examples for clarification.

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11 views9 pages

Matrix Inversion Methods Explained

The document defines the concept of an inverse matrix, stating that a square matrix A is invertible if there exists a matrix B such that AB = BA = I, with the condition that det(A) ≠ 0. It outlines properties of inverses, including uniqueness and the relationship between the inverses of products and powers of matrices. Additionally, it describes the adjoint method and row reduction method for finding the inverse of matrices, providing examples for clarification.

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24611011
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INVERSE

Dina Tri Utari


Definition

● If 𝐴 is a square matrix, and if there is a matrix 𝐵 of the same size as


𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴 = 𝐼, then 𝐴 is considered invertible, and 𝐵 is called the
inverse of 𝐴.

● 𝐴 is invertible if and only if det(𝐴) ≠ 0.

● If 𝐵 cannot be defined, then 𝐴 is expressed as a singular matrix.


Properties of Inverse

● If 𝐵 and 𝐶 are both inverses of matrix 𝐴, then 𝐵 = 𝐶.


● If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are invertible matrices of the same size, then 𝐴𝐵 is
invertible and
𝐴𝐵 !" = 𝐵 !" 𝐴!"
● If 𝐴 is an invertible matrix, then 𝐴# is also invertible, and
𝐴# !" = 𝐴!" #
Adjoint Method
● If 𝐴 is an 𝑛x𝑛 matrix and 𝐶$% is a cofactor of 𝑎$% , then the matrix

𝐶!! 𝐶!" ⋯ 𝐶!#


𝐶"! 𝐶"" ⋯ 𝐶"#
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
𝐶#! 𝐶#" ⋯ 𝐶##
is called the cofactor matrix of 𝑨.

● The transpose of this matrix is called the adjoint of 𝑨 and is


expressed as 𝒂𝒅𝒋(𝑨).
Adjoint Method

● If 𝐴 is an invertible matrix, then

1
𝐴!" = 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴
𝑑𝑒𝑡 𝐴
Example 1

Determine the inverse of the following matrix using the adjoint


method
2 2 1 1 −1 3
a) 𝑄= 3 1 −1 c) 𝐵 = 7 1 2
5 2 1 5 0 1
2 −1 3
b) 𝐴= 3 2 1
1 3 5
Row Reduction Method

It is known that matrix 𝐴 has size 𝑛x𝑛.


Steps to determine 𝐴!" :
1. Join the identity matrices to the right of 𝐴, i.e.

𝐴 |𝐼
2. Perform row operations on the matrix until the left side is reduced
to 𝐼. These operations will change the right side to 𝐴!" , so the final
matrix will have the form,
𝐼:𝐴!"
Example 2

Determine the inverse of the following matrix using the row reduction
method
2 2 1 1 −1 3
a) 𝑄 = 3 1 −1 c) 𝐵 = 7 1 2
5 2 1 5 0 1
2 −1 3
b) 𝐴 = 3 2 1
1 3 5

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