2 PEG TEST AND
DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING
BCE 211/F
2 PEG TEST
This is the earliest version of finding the difference of
elevations of two points this is quite troublesome as it is time
consuming as well as impractical especially on points that are
not reachable by the transit but reachable by the stadia rod
Example:
Solution let us create the figure first
2 PEG TEST
For stadia at A
1.505 + x = 2.054 – e (1)
For Stadia at B
x + 0.938 –e = 1.449 (2)
Two equations Two unknowns we can tell that
x = 0.53 m difference in elevation
e = 0.019 m error in reading
2 PEG TEST
Solution:
For point C
1.103 + e = 0.991 + x + e
X = 0.112 m difference in elevation
For rod reading at B
0.568 + e1 = x + 0.289 + e2
But
Noted due to distance we can get that
e1 / 12 = e2 / 70 then we can get that
e1 = 0.0334
e2 = 0.2004
Correct rod reading B at point D = 0.289 + 0.2004 = 0.4894 m
Correct rod reading A at point D = 0.568 + 0.0334 = 0.6014 m
DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING
When there is a need for fast coordination and accurate reading
then it is viable to use differential leveling
Sometimes it is great when conducting the first elevation
to be at least the first back then gradually creating the elevation
layout else the topographic lay out of the Land
Noted that
BM – bench mark – A known point for elevation which is the basis
for continuous checking of elevation
CP – Central point for elevation
Staff Position – The position of Stadia rods at the land
Instrument Position – The position of the stadia/transit
Noted the picture above is the actual way of creating differential
leveling
DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING
When there is a need for fast coordination and accurate reading
then it is viable to use differential leveling
Sometimes it is great when conducting the first elevation
to be at least the first back then gradually creating the elevation
layout else the topographic lay out of the Land
FS
BS
∆𝐻
Note:
FS – Fore sight
BS – Back sight
∆𝐻 – Differential Height
Formula:
Differential Height = Back sight – Foresight
Actual Elevation = Differential Height + Previous Elevation
DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING
Example
Complete the table
Using excel
Sta BS FS Elevation
1 5.87 392.25
2 7.03 6.29 391.83
3 3.48 6.25 392.61
4 7.25 7.08 389.01
5 10.19 5.57 390.69
6 9.29 4.45 396.43
7 4.94 400.78
DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING
Example
Considering the elevation at BM 1 is 33.971 find the elevation of
other stations.
Solution:
Creating the table with Height of Instrument as it is away from the
reading
Sta BS HI FS Elevation
BM1 2.565 36.536 33.971
TP1 10.875 41.59 5.821 30.715
TP2 7.035 46.679 1.946 39.644
BM2 3.56 44.498 5.741 40.938
TP3 7.186 41.948 9.736 34.762
BM1 7.977 33.971
Note Height of Instrument = Elevation + Back sight
DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING
Differential leveling using the IFS or Intermediate Fore sight
sometimes there is an issue in which the station is unreachable
using normal means so we need to use the IFS in practical
positions to get the elevation.
Sometimes they are used so that we can accurately compute the
elevation of the next station when there is such vegetation
Formula by Table Format
ACTUAL PATERN
Sta BS HI IFS FS Elevation
BM1 BS1 ELEV 1+BS1 ELEV1
1 IFS 1 HI-IFS 1
2 IFS 2 HI-IFS 2
3 IFS 3 HI-IFS 3
4 IFS 4 HI-IFS 4
TP FS 5 HI - FS 5
SHORTCUT PATTERN
Sta BS HI IFS FS Elevation
BM1 BS1 ELEV 1+BS1 ELEV1
1 IFS 1 ELEV1 + BS – IFS1
2 IFS 2 ELEV2 +IFS 1 - IFS 2
3 IFS 3 ELEV3+ IFS 2 - IFS 3
4 IFS 4 ELEV4 + IFS 3 - IFS 4
TP FS 5 ELEV 5 + IFS 4 - FS 5
DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING
Solution of the picture earlier
Note both methods work depends on the preference of the
surveyor