Set Function
Set: is a collection of distinct, well-defined objects (called elements).
Set are described by two forms: 1. Tabular Form. Example- A= {1, 2, 3}
2. Set builder Method. Example- A= {x: x is a natural number}
Finite Set: The set whose number of elements can be determined by counting is called finite set.
Example: A= {1, 2, 3}
Infinite Set: The set whose number of elements cannot be determined by counting is called
finite set. Example: A= {1, 2, 3, 4…….}
Empty Set: The set which has no element is called empty set. Example: {} or ∅
Subset: A subset is a set containing only elements that are also in another, larger set, called the
superset. For example, the set of {2, 4, 6} is a subset of the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Subset denoted
by A⊆B
Proper Subset: A proper subset is a subset that contains some, but not all, elements of another
set. This means a proper subset must not be equal to the original set.
Let set A={1,2,3} and B ={1, 2,3,4}the set . Set A is a proper subset of set B because:
All elements in A (1, 2, and 3) are also in B.
B contains an element (4) that is not in A, so A and B are not equal.
Therefore, we write 𝐴⊂𝐵
Equivalent sets: Equivalent sets are two or more sets that have the same number of elements,
but not necessarily the same elements. This is also called having the same cardinality, often
expressed as n(𝐴) = 𝑛(𝐵).
For example, the set of the first five days of the week, A= {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,
Thursday, Friday}, and the set of the first five colors of the rainbow, = {Red, Orange, Yellow,
Green, Blue}, are equivalent because both have five elements.
Universal Set: A universal set (𝑈) is a set containing all possible elements for a specific context,
from which all other related sets are drawn. For example, if you have a set of even numbers,
A={2,4,6} and a set of odd numbers, B={1,3,5}, the universal set of all whole numbers less than
7 would be 𝑈={1,2,3,4,5,6}
Complement Set: The complement of a set includes all elements in the universal set that
are not in the original set. It is denoted by 𝐴′or 𝐴𝑐. For example, if the universal set is all integers
from 1 to 10 𝑈={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} and set A is the set of even numbers A={2,4,6,8,10}, then
the complement of A (𝐴′) is the set of odd numbers 𝐴′ (U-A) ={1,3,5,7,9}.
Power Set: A power set is the set of all possible subsets of a given set, including the empty set
and the set itself. For example, the power set of the set A={a,b}is P(A)={∅,{a},{b},{a,b}}. The
number of elements in the power set is equal to 2𝑛; 𝑛 is the number of elements in the original
set.*** Proper Subset = 2𝑛 -1
Union set: The union of sets is a set that contains all distinct elements from two or more sets. It
is represented by the symbol ∪ (Union). For example, if set A is {1, 2, 3} and set B is {3, 4, 5},
their union, A ∪ B is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
Intersection Set: The intersection of two sets is the set of all elements that are common to both
sets, denoted by the symbol ∩ (Intersection). For example, if Set A is {1,3,5} and Set B is
{1,2,3}, the intersection, 𝐴∩𝐵, is {1,3} because 1and 3 are the only elements in both sets.
Cross Set: A cross set, more commonly known as a Cartesian product (𝐴×𝐵), is the set of all
possible ordered pairs where the first element is from set 𝐴 and the second is from set 𝐵. For
example, if 𝐴={1,2} and 𝐵={𝑎,𝑏}, the cross set is A×B={(1,a),(1,b),(2,a),(2,b)}
Domain: The domain of a function is the set of all possible inputs for the function.
For example, the domain of f(x)=x² is all real numbers, and the domain of g(x)=1/x is all real
numbers except for x=0.
Range: The range of a function refers to all the possible values y could be. The formula to find
the range of a function is y = f(x). In a relation, it is only a function if every x value corresponds
to only one y value.
A one-to-one function: (also called an Injective function) is a function where each input has a
unique output, meaning no two different inputs produce the same output. This is often checked
by ensuring that if f(x1) = f(x2) , then it must be that 𝑥1=𝑥2.
An onto function (or surjective function) is a mapping where every element in the co-domain
has at least one corresponding element in the domain. This means the function's range (all
possible outputs) is equal to its co-domain (the set of all possible outputs).
For a function 𝑓∶𝐴→𝐵 to be onto, for every element 𝑏 in set 𝐵, there must be at least one element
𝑎 in set 𝐴 such that 𝑓(𝑎)=𝑏.
Venn Diagram Formula:
*** n(A∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∩ 𝐵)
*** None = n(U) – n(A∪ B)
***Total = Sum of All single –Sum of Exactly Two - 2× All Three + None
***Total = Sum of All single –Sum of Two group overlap + All Three + None
Class Work
1. The number of subsets of a set with 5 elements is: সমন্বিত ৮ ব্যাংক ও ১ আন্বথ িক প্রন্বতষ্ঠযন অন্বিসযর (জেনযররল)
(04-07-2025)
A. 10 B. 25 C.30 D. 32
2. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, then the number of proper subsets of A is – Bangladesh Bank অন্বিসযর
(সযধযরণ) ২৭.১২. ২০১৯
A. 120 B. 30 C.31 D. 32
3. If the universal set consists of two sets A and B, then the complementary set of A is- সমন্বিত ৮টি
ব্যাংক ও ১টি আন্বথ িক প্রন্বতষ্ঠযন - ন্বসন্বনয়র অন্বিসযর (16-05-2025)
A. A∩B B. A C. B D. A∪ B
4. If A = {1, 2, 3} B = {2, 3, 4} then AUB = সমন্বিত ৮ ব্যাংক ও ১ আন্বথ িক প্রন্বতষ্ঠযন অন্বিসযর (জেনযররল) (04-07-
2025)
A. {1, 2, 3} B. {2, 3} C. {1, 2, 3, 4} D. {1, 4}
5. If x is a natural number and S={ x2≥64 and x3<1000 } then S = ? সমন্বিত ৮টি ব্যাংক ও ১টি আন্বথ িক
প্রন্বতষ্ঠযন - ন্বসন্বনয়র অন্বিসযর (16-05-2025)
A. {8, 9, 10} B. {8,9} C. {9} D. {4, 5, 6}
1
6. The range of f(x) = 𝑥+1 is- সমন্বিত ৮ ব্যাংক ও ১ আন্বথ িক প্রন্বতষ্ঠযন অন্বিসযর (জেনযররল) (04-07-2025)
A. R\{0} B. x > -1 C. x <-1 D. R\{-1}
𝑥 2 +1
7. f(x)= - 1 হরল, জকযনটি সঠিক ? Agrani bank Ltd - Officer (Freedom Fighter)- 03.07.2015
𝑥 −1
A. f(0) = ∝ B. f(1)= -1 C. f(1)= 1 D. f(-1)= -1/2
Venn Diagram
8. In a class of 78 students, 41 are taking French, 22 are taking German and 9 are taking both
courses. How many students are not enrolled in either course? সমন্বিত ৫ ব্যাংক ও ১ আন্বথ িক প্রন্বতষ্ঠযন
অন্বিসযর (কযযশ) (11-07-2025)
A. 6 B. 15 C. 24 D. 33
9. In a class of 60, 32 studied English, 28 studied Bengali and 6 did not study either. How many
of the students studied both? সমন্বিত ৭ ব্যাংক অন্বিসযর (কযযশ) (24-05-2024)
A. 6 B. 4 C. 12 D. 16
10. Of 30 applicants for a job, 14 had at least 4 years' experience, 18 had degrees, and 3 had less
than 4 years' experience and did not have a degree. How many of the applicants had at least 4
years' experience and a degree? সমন্বিত ব্যাংক অন্বিসযর (কযযশ) (02-06-2023) গন্বণত
A. 13 B. 9 C. 7 D. 5
11. A school has a total of 90 students. There are 30 students taking Physics, 25 taking English,
and 13 taking both. Approximately what percentage of the students is taking either Physics or
English? বযাংলযরদশ ব্যাংক অন্বিসযর ০২ -১২-২০২২
A. 32% B. 36% C. 47% D. 51%
12. Shonghoti and Shouhardo Clubs consist of 200 and 270 members respectively. If the total
member of the two clubs is 420 then how many members belong to both clubs? Bangladesh
Bank Assistant Director (General) 06.07.18
A. 30 B. 40 C. 50 D. 60
[Link] a class of 200 students, 90 play football, 108 play cricket, and 46 play both football and
cricket. How many students play neither football nor cricket? (Combined 8 Banks Officer 2022)
D) 48 C) 62 B) 44 A) 46
Written Math
14. 70 students are studying physics, mathematics and chemistry. 40 students study mathematics,
35 student studies chemistry. 15 students are studying all the subjects. How many students are
studying exactly two of the subjects? (৭০ জন শলক্ষার্থী পদার্থ থশিদ্যা, গশিত ও রায়ন শিযয় অধ্যয়নরত। 40 জন ছাত্র
গশিত অধ্যয়ন কযর, 35 ছাত্র রায়ন অধ্যয়ন কযর। ১৫ জন শলক্ষার্থী ি শিযয় অধ্যয়নরত। ঠিক কতজন শলক্ষার্থী দুইটি শিযয়
অধ্যয়ন করযছ?) [Sonali Officer 18, Rupali Cash (Cancelled) 18], FBS
15. In a certain college of the 100 students, 60% students took Finance course, 45% took
Marketing course and 45 students took Operation Management course. If 10 students took all the
courses and 10 students none of the three courses, how many students took exactly 2 of these 3
courses? (100 জন শলক্ষার্থীর একটি শনশদ থষ্ট কযযজ, 60% শলক্ষার্থী শিন্যান্স ককা থ, 45% মাযকথটিিং ককা থ এিিং 45 জন শলক্ষার্থী
অপাযরলন ম্যাযনজযমন্ট ককা থ কযর। যশদ 10 জন ছাত্র মস্ত ককা থ এিিং 10 জন ছাত্র শতনটি ককায থর ককানটিই না কযর, তায
কতজন ছাত্র এই 3টি ককায থর মযধ্য 2টি ককা থ শনযয়যছ?) DBBL, PO, 2019, IBA
16. In a survey at an airport, 55 travelers said that last year they had been to spain, 53 to France
and 79 to Germany, 18 had been to spain and France, 17 to spain and Germany, and 25 to France
and Germany while 10 had to all three countries. How many travelers took part in the survey?
(একটি শিমানিন্দযর একটি জশরযপ, 55 জন যাত্রী িযযছন কয গত িছর তারা কেন, 53 জন ফ্রান্স এিিং 79 জন জাম থাশনযত, 18
জন কেন ও ফ্রাযন্স, 17 জন কেন ও জাম থাশনযত এিিং 25 জন ফ্রান্স ও জাম থাশনযত শগযয়শছযন এিিং 10 জন শতনটি কদযলই
শগযয়শছযন। কতজন ভ্রমিকারী জশরযপ অিংল শনযয়শছযন?) Agrani Bank Ltd. Recruitment Test for Senior
Officer (Auditor), 2018, FBS
17. Of the 200 candidates who were interviewed for a position at a call center, 100 had a two-
wheeler, 70 had a credit card and 140 had a mobile phone. 40 of them had both, a two-wheeler
and a credit card, 30 had both, a credit card and a mobile phone and 60 had both, a two-wheeler
and mobile phone and 10 had all three. How many candidates had none of the three? ( ক কন্টাযর
একটি পযদর জন্য 200 জন প্রার্থীর াক্ষাৎকার কনওয়া যয়শছ, 100 জযনর কাযছ একটি শি-চাকার গাশ়ি, 70 জযনর কাযছ কেশিট
কাি থ এিিং 140 জযনর কাযছ কমািাই কিান শছ। তাযদর মযধ্য 40 জযনর কাযছ দুটিই শছ, একটি টু-হুইার এিিং একটি কেশিট
কাি থ, 30 জযনর কাযছ দুটিই শছ, একটি কেশিট কাি থ এিিং একটি কমািাই কিান এিিং 60 জযনর কাযছ দুটিই শছ, একটি টু-হুইার
এিিং কমািাই কিান এিিং 10 জযনর কাযছ শতনটিই শছ৷ কতজন প্রার্থী শতনজযনর একজনও শছ না?) Southeast Bank Ltd.
Probationary officer 15-02-2022, FBS
Practice Part
1. If A={1,2,3,4} and B={3,4,5,6} then A∪B=?
A) {1,2,3,4} B) {3,4,5,6} C) {1,2,3,4,5,6} D) {1,2,5,6}
2. A={x∣x<5,x∈N}. Then A=?
A) {0,1,2,3,4} B) {1,2,3,4} C) {2,3,4,5} D) {1,3,5,7}
3. If n(A)=20,n(B)=30,n(A∩B)=10 then n(A∪B)=?
A) 40 B) 30 C) 50 D) 60
4. If A⊆B, then A∩B=?
a) A b) B c) ∅ d) A ∪ B
5. The complement of universal set U is —
a) U b) ∅ c) A′ d) Not defined
6. If A={x∣x is even and x<10}, then A=?
a) {2,4,6,8,10} b) {1,2,3,4} c) {2,4,6,8} d) {0,2,4,6,8}
7. (A∪B)′=?
a) A' ∩ B' b) A' ∪ B' c) A ∩ B d) A ∪ B
8. If n(U)=100,n(A)=60,n(A′)=?
a) 60 b) 40 c) 100 d) 160
9. Which of the following is a null set?
a) {0} b) {} c) {∅} d) {1,2,3}
10. The number of proper subsets of a set with 3 elements is —
a) 6 b) 7 c) 8 d) 9
11. A function f:A→B is called one-one if —
a) Every element of B has a pre-image
b) Different elements of A have different images in B
c) Every element of A maps to the same element of B
d) None of these
12. A function is called onto (Surjective) if —
a) Every element of B is mapped by at least one element of A
b) Every element of A maps to the same element of B
c) Different A elements map to same B
d) None
13. If f(x)=3x+5, then f(2)=?
a) 8 b) 9 c) 11 d) 10
14. If f(x) = x2, then f(−3)=?
a) -9 b) 9 c) 6 d) -6
15. If f(x) =2x+1 and g(x) = x2, then (f∘g)(x)=?
a) 2x + 1 b) 2x² + 1 c) x² + 2x + 1 d) 2x² + 2x
16. If f(x) =2x and g(x) =x+3, then (g∘f)(x)=?=?
a) 2x + 3 b) 2x – 3 c) x + 5 d) x² + 3
1
17. The domain of f(x)= 𝑥−3 is-
a) All real numbers
b) All real numbers except 3
c) All positive numbers
d) All integers
18. If f(x) =x2 and domain = {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2}, then range =?
a) {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2}
b) {0,1,4}
c) {0,1,2,4}
d) {–4, –1, 0, 1, 4}
19. If f(1)=2, f(2)=3, f(3)=4, then the range of f is —
a) {1,2,3} b) {2,3,4} c) {1,3,4} d) {3,4,5}
20. If f(x) =x+1, then inverse function f−1(x) =?
a) x – 1 b) x + 1 c) 1/x d) –x
Answer:
1.C 2. B 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.B
11.B 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.B 16.A 17.B 18.B 19.B 20.A