Highway Construction Equipment Guide
Highway Construction Equipment Guide
MODULE -II
EQUIPMENTS IN HIGHWAY
CONSTRUCTION
Dr. PUNITH B KOTAGI
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CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENTS
1. EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
2. HAULING EQUIPMENT
3. HOISTING EQUIPMENT
4. CONVEYING EQUIPMENT
9. DREDGING EQUIPMENT
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EXCAVATION EQUIPMENT:
a. Dipper or Power shovel
b. Dragline
c. Clamshell
d. Hoe
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COMPACTION EQUIPMENT:
a. Smooth wheel roller
b. Pneumatic type roller
c. Sheepsfoot roller
d. Vibratory roller
e. Hand operated vibratory roller
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SPECIAL EQUIPMENT FOR CEMENT CONCRETE
AND BITUMEN PAVEMENT:
a. Batching plant a. Paver finisher
b. Mixers b. Hot mix plant or Bitumen mixer
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• Uniformity of type
• Size of equipment
• Country of origin
CLASSIFICATION:
EXCAVATING EQUIPMENT
EXCAVATING AND EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
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1. POWER SHOVEL
2. BACK HOE
3. DRAG LINE
4. CLAM SHELL
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POWER SHOVEL
LONG-LASTING.
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POWER SHOVEL
OPERATION:
CABLE CONTROLLED & IT MAKES OUTWARD STROKES WHILE DIGGING.
APPLICATIONS:
CLOSE RANGE OF WORK.
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POWER SHOVEL
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POWER SHOVEL
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POWER SHOVEL
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BACK HOE
• ALSO TERMED AS HOE, BACK SHOVEL AND PULL SHOVEL.
BASIC PARTS:
* BOOM * JACK BOOM
APPLICATION:
• DIGGING BELOW MACHINE LEVEL LIKE TRENCHES, FOOTINGS, BASEMENTS.
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BACK HOE
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BACK HOE
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BACK HOE
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DRAG LINE
• The drag line is so name because of its prominent
operation of dragging the bucket against the material to
be dug.
• Unlike the shovel, it has a long light crane boom and the
bucket is loosely attached to the boom through cables.
• Drag lines are useful for digging below its track level and
handling softer materials.
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DRAG LINE
BASIC PARTS:
* BOOM * HOIST CABLE
* DRAG CABLE * HOIST CHAIN
* DRAG CHAIN * BUCKET
APPLICATIONS:
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DRAG LINE
FACTORS CONTROLLING OUTPUT:
• TYPE OF MATERIAL
• DEPTH OF CUTTING
• SKILL OF OPERATOR
• ANGLE OF SWING
• JOB CONDITION
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DRAG LINE
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DRAG LINE
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CLAM SHELL
• This is so named due to resemblance of its bucket to a
clam which is like a shell-fish with hinged double shell.
• The basic parts of clam shell bucket are the closing line,
hoist line, sheaves, brackets, tagline, shell and hinge.
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CLAM SHELL
Application:
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CLAM SHELL
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CLAM SHELL
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CLAM SHELL
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Excavation in hard soil or
Good Good Not good Poor
rock
Digs at or
Digs at or
Digs below Digs below below footing
6 Digging level above footing
footing level footing level level
level
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power shovel
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shovel equipment
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MOTOR GRADERS
CONSTRUCTION:
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MOTOR GRADERS
SPEED:
USES:
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MOTOR GRADERS
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MOTOR GRADERS
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SCRAPERS
COMPROMISE BETWEEN BEST LOADING AND BEST HAULING
MACHINES
TYPES:
BASIC PARTS:
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SCRAPERS
CAPACITY:
OPERATION:
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SCRAPERS
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SCRAPERS
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SCRAPERS
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SCRAPERS
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BULL DOZERS
• VERSATILE EQUIPMENT- ESSENTIALLY A HEAVY STEEL BLADE
MOUNTED ON THE FRONT OF TRACTOR.
- BLADES AT AN ANGLE
- CRAWLER MOUNTED
- HYDRAULIC CONTROL
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BULL DOZERS
CONSTRUCTION:
APPLICATION:
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BULL DOZERS
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BULL DOZERS
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BULL DOZERS
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TRACTORS
MULTI PURPOSE MACHINES MAINLY USED FOR PULLING AND
TYPES:
APPlCATIONS:
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CRAWLER TRACTOR
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WHEEL TRACTOR
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3. Costly 3. Cheaper
4. Cost of operation and 4. Operational and maintenance cost
maintenance is high is less
5. Stick control for steering 5. Wheel steering control
6. Moves on rough as well as good
6. Moves on rough roads only
roads
7. Used for short distances [Link] for longer distances
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EARTH COMPACTION
EQUIPMENTS
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NO DEEP COMPACTION
REAR WHEELS ARE LARGER IN DIAMETER AND THE FRONT ONES ARE
WIDER
GRANULAR SOILS
SAND
GRAVEL
CRUSHED STONES
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WEIGHT - 15 TONNES
SPEED - 25 KM/HR
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HAULING EQUIPMENTS
HAULING IS DEFINED AS MOVEMENT OF MATREIALS FROM
EQUIPMENTS.
TYPES:
DUMP TRUCKS
DUMPERS
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DUMP TRUCKS
TYPES:
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DUMPERS
REQUIRED.
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CONCRETE BATCHERS
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ADVANTAGES OF CONCRETE
BATCHING PLANTS
Preparing ready mix concrete on the construction site is a time-consuming
process. You can eliminate your construction cost by using a batching plant for
your project. Each load of concrete is produced on-site. The production and
delivery are done in minutes when we use a concrete batching plant. Adjust
your concrete production as per the requirements and get the most out of it.
There are several benefits that the concrete batching plant has to offer to
construction workers:
•Mixing raw materials with stable, advanced production technology, using
computer control, accurate measurement, testing means complete, stable
and reliable quality, rich high strength, thus greatly improving the
construction quality level building (structure).
•Construction units use commercial mixing stations, the construction speed
increases, reducing equipment, racks, pipes, templates and other turnover
rental costs; owners of units can shorten the construction cycle, reduce
investment risk.
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ADVANTAGES OF CONCRETE
BATCHING PLANTS
•Due to the stable and reliable quality of the commercial mixing plant, the
design unit can avoid the “fat beam”, “fat column” and “heavy plate”
according to the design of the mixing station”.
•The mix mixing station using mineral active admixtures (slag and fly ash and
admixture, etc.) can greatly improve the long-term performance of concrete
waterproof, antifreeze, anti cracking and abrasion resistance, and can
improve the service life of a building.
•Improves the construction organization, reduces labor intensity, reduces
construction management costs, technical difficulty and quality risk.
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Wet mix batch concrete plant is easy to transport and install due to
its portable movement. Wet mix concrete batching plants can be
classified into two types: stationary type wet concrete plant and
mobile type wet mix concrete batch plant. If you have many
construction projects to finish, and the distance is far away from each
other, you can invest in several small stationary wet batch plant,
otherwise, you can choose one big mobile type wet batching plant,
when you finish this project, you can disassemble this plant, then
transport it to another project site. Latest-model adopts a twin shaft
paddle mixer, which has a strong mixing quality. This can ensure there
is no or less residual in the twin shaft concrete mixer, save materials
and save cost. With a Central Mix plant, all loads see the same mixing
action and there is an initial quality control point when discharging
from the central mixer.
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