(2) Participatory Development
The promotion of the development of human and physical resources in
rural areas requires recognizing the fact that local people themselves are the
main implementors of development projects. If the people participate passively
in projects, they become inactive and will depend on external inputs. In order
to avoid this situation, local decision-making in project planning and
implementation is important. In other words, a project that the local people
themselves plan and implement is given priority as local materials and human
resources are utilized effectively by the local people’s initiative and
responsibility. Local independence and sustainable development of project
outcomes are enhanced by the effective use of local resources.
Rights-based approach to development
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rights-based approach to development is an approach to development promoted by many development
agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to achieve a positive transformation of power
relations among the various development actors. This practice blurs the distinction between human
rights and economic development. There are two stakeholder groups in rights-based development—the
rights holders (who do not experience full rights) and the duty bearers (the institutions obligated to fulfill the
holders' rights). Rights-based approaches aim at strengthening the capacity of duty bearers and empower
the rights holders.[1]
NGOs reevaluated and transitioned more towards a rights-based approach to development. In this model,
instead of the poor being constructed as charity they would be constructed as actors or rights holders. The
Capacity building[edit]
ntegrated Rural Development Program
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this
article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be
challenged and removed. (November 2010)
The Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) is a rural development program of the
Government of India launched in financial year 1978 and extended throughout India by 1980. It is a self-
employment program intended to raise the income-generation capacity of target groups among the poor.
The target group consists largely of small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers and rural artisans
living below the poverty line. The pattern of subsidy is 25 per cent for small farmers, 33-1/3 per cent for
marginal farmers, agricultural labourers and rural artisans and 50 per cent for Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes families and physically handicapped persons. The ceiling for subsidy is Rs.6000/- for
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes families and the physically handicapped; for others, it is Rs.4000/-
in non-DPAP/non-DDP areas and Rs.5000/- in DPAP and DDP areas. Within the target group, there is an
assured coverage of 50 per cent for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, 40 per cent for women and 3
per cent for the physically handicapped. Priority in assistance is also given to the families belonging to the
assignees of ceiling surplus land, Green Card holders covered under the Family Welfare Programme and
freed bonded labourers.
RDP is a major self-employment programme for poverty alleviation. The objective of IRDP is to provide
suitable income-generating assets through a mix of subsidy and credit to below-poverty-line families with a
view to bring them above the poverty line. A family with an annual income of Rs. 20,000/- and below per
annum is considered to be below the poverty line based on the 1998 below Poverty Line Census. The list
of individual and family activities which are eligible for assistance with the unit cost of each is placed in
Annexure.
The aim is to raise recipients above the poverty line by providing substantial opportunities for self-
employment. During the 7th five-year plan, the total expenditure under the program was Rs 33.2 million,
and Rs 53.7 million of term credit was mobilized. Some 13 million new families participated, bringing total
coverage under the program to more than 18 million families. These development programs have played
an important role in increased agricultural production by educating farmers and providing them with
financial and other inputs to increase yields.[citation needed]
The objective of IRDP is to enable identified rural poor families to cross the poverty line by providing
productive assets and inputs to the target groups. The assets, which could be in primary, secondary or
tertiary sectors, are provided through financial assistance in the form of subsidy by the government and
term credit advanced by financial institutions. The program is implemented in all the blocks in the country
as a centrally sponsored scheme funded on 50:50 basis by the centre and the state. The scheme has been
merged with another scheme named Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) since 01.04
[Link] full form of SGSY is swarnajayanti gram swarozgar yojana.