The University of Jordan
Faculty Of Medicine
Anatomy Department
Introduction To Anatomy
By
[Link] Salman
Associate Professor of Anatomy &embryology
Email: [Link]@[Link]
Contact Details
Teams
Anatomy
DERIVED FROM THE GREEK ἈΝΑΤΈΜΝΩ ANATEMNŌ
"I CUT UP, CUT OPEN
ANATOMY
System based
1. Upper Limb
2. Lower Limb
3. Musculoskeletal system
4. Gastrointestinal system
5. Endocrine system
6. IBLS (immune/blood/lymphatic
system)
7. Cardiovascular system (CVS)
8. Respiratory system
9. Nervous system
[Link] system
[Link] system
EMBRYOLOGY
1. General
2. Special
HISTOLOGY
How to study anatomy
1. RESPECT the Subject
2. Make a mental picture of everything you study
3. Practical Classes
4. Talk about it. Discussion
5. Teach
6. 6-Drawing
7. Read,Read,Read,Read
Levels of organization
Cell Tissue
Organ
System
Anatomical Position
The person is:
1- Standing erect
2- The upper limbs by the sides
3- The face and palms of the hands directed forward
4-Feet by the sides
Anatomical planes
Median Sagittal Plane
1- Is a vertical plane
2- Passes through the center of the body
3-Divids the body into equal right and left
halves
Is situated to one or the other side of the
median plane and parallel to it.
Coronal Plane
Is an imaginary vertical planes divide the body into
anterior and posterior parts
Transverse, horizontal
It divide the body into superior and inferior parts
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY
POSITIONS AND DIRECTIONS
Terms of position and direction describe the position of
one body part relative to another
Anterior(Ventral) : Refers to a structure being more in front (
Ribs are anterior to lungs)
Posterior (Dorsal) : Refers to a structure being more in back
(lungs are posterior to Ribs )
Superior : Refers to a structure being higher
Inferior : Refers to a structure being lower
ü Head is superior to chest
ü Chest is inferior to Head
Medial : Refers to a structure being closer to the midline
Lateral : Refers to a structure being farther away from the
midline
ü The point A is lateral to point B
ü The point B is medial to Point A
B A
Proximal : Closer from a structure's origin
Distal : farther from a structure's origin
They used in the limbs.
The elbow is proximal than wrist
The wrist is distal to elbow
Elbow Wrist
Superficial: Nearer to body surface
Deep: Away from body surface
Deep
Superficial
Ipsilateral : Same side
Contralateral : opposite side
Supine : lying face up
Prone : lying face down
q Peri- Around
q Para Beside
q Endo Inside
q Inter Between
q Epi Just above
q Sub Just below
1- The stomach is
……………………to intestine
2- The liver is ………………..to
diaphragm
3- The point A is ………… to
point B
4- The point C is ………… to
point B
C B A
Anatomical Terminology
Movement Terms
Flexion : Bending movement
Extension : Straightening movement
Abduction: Moving a body part away from midline
Adduction :Moving a body part toward the midline
Medial rotation : rotation towards the center of the body
Lateral rotation : rotation away the center of the body
Pronation : Medial rotation of forearm
Supination :Lateral rotation of forearm
Supination
Elevation : Is movement in a superior direction
Depression : Is movement in a inferior direction
Elevator
Inversion : is the movement of the sole towards the median plane
Eversion : the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median
plane
Dorsiflexion : Raising the foot upwards towards the leg
Plantarflexion : Lowering the foot downwards towards the sole
Retraction : moving a part backward
Protraction : moving a part forward
Opposition : Movement of the thumb across
the palm of the hand.
Nerves
Nerves of the Body
Somatic Autonomic
Spinal nerves 31 pairs Cranial nerves 12 Pairs Sympathetic Parasympathetic
Motor Sensory
Mixed
Blood vesseles
Ø It carries blood from the ventricles Ø It return blood from capillaries to
of the heart to the capillaries. the heart.
Ø It usually carries oxygenated Ø It usually carries deoxygenated
blood EXCEPT pulmonary artery blood EXCEPT pulmonary veins
Ø It has Branches Ø It has Tributaries
Fascia
Fascia
Superficial Fascia Deep Fascia
Superficial Fascia
It is a mixture of loose areolar and fatty tissue that unite the skin to the underlying deep
fascia
Function :
1-Acts as a bad conductor to heat
2- Fills up the hollows and rounds off the irregularities at the surface of the body
Deep Fascia
§ It is membranous layer of connective tissue that invests the muscles and other deep
structures.
§ It is Denser than superficial fascia
Function
1. keep the underlying structures in position.
2. They give attachment to some muscles.
3. Formation of intermuscular septa and interosseous membranes
4. Formation of palmar aponeurosis (in palm) and plantar aponeurosis (in sole):
5. Formation of sheaths around big blood vessels (Femoral sheath)
Femoral sheath
palmar aponeurosis plantar aponeurosis
interosseous membranes
Body Cavities
• Thoracic Cavity
• Abdominal and Pelvic Cavity
• Dorsal Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
• Upper ventral, thoracic or chest cavity
• Contains:
• Heart
• Lungs
• Trachea
• Esophagus
• Large blood vessels
• Nerves
• Bound laterally by ribs and the diaphragm
caudally
Abdominopelvic Cavity
• Lower part of ventral cavity
• Abdominal:
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Kidneys
• Adrenal glands
• Pelvic:
• Urogenital system
• Rectum
Dorsal Cavity
• Smaller of two main cavities
• Upper portion:
• Cranial cavity
• Brain
• Lower portion:
• Vertebral canal house spinal cord
Y O U
N K
T H A