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Java Object-Oriented Concepts Explained

The document covers fundamental concepts in Java programming, including object reference assignment, constructors, method overloading, arrays, command-line arguments, streams, inheritance, polymorphism, exception handling, threading, and access modifiers. It provides examples for each concept to illustrate their usage. Key topics include the distinction between superclass and subclass, and the role of access modifiers in controlling visibility.

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3 views2 pages

Java Object-Oriented Concepts Explained

The document covers fundamental concepts in Java programming, including object reference assignment, constructors, method overloading, arrays, command-line arguments, streams, inheritance, polymorphism, exception handling, threading, and access modifiers. It provides examples for each concept to illustrate their usage. Key topics include the distinction between superclass and subclass, and the role of access modifiers in controlling visibility.

Uploaded by

shreyanshkadam172
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

a) Assign Object Reference Variable: Assigning an object reference variable means assigning
one object reference to another. It does not copy the object but refers to the same memory location.
Example: A a1 = new A(); A a2 = a1;

b) Object as a Parameter: Objects can be passed as parameters to methods. This allows sharing of
data between methods. Example: void display(A obj) { ... }

c) Returning Object: A method can return an object. It helps reuse objects or create new instances.
Example: A getObject() { return new A(); }

2. Constructor: A constructor initializes an object when it is created. It has the same name as the
class and no return type. Types: - Default Constructor - Parameterized Constructor - Copy
Constructor

3. Method Overloading: Method overloading means defining multiple methods with the same name
but different parameters. Example: void sum(int a, int b); void sum(double a, double b);

4. Array in Java: An array is a collection of elements of the same type stored in contiguous memory.
Example: int[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4};

5. Method Overloading (Repeated): Same as Question 3.

6. Command-Line Arguments: Command-line arguments are values passed to the main method
when the program runs. Example: public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link](args[0]); } }

7. Streams in Java: A Stream represents input/output of data. Types: - Byte Stream


(FileInputStream, FileOutputStream) - Character Stream (FileReader, FileWriter)

8. this and static Keywords: ‘this’ refers to the current object. Example: this.x = x; ‘static’ is used for
class-level members shared by all objects. Example: static int count;

UNIT III

9. Inheritance: Inheritance allows one class to acquire properties of another. Types: Single, Multiple
(via interfaces), Multilevel, Hierarchical, Hybrid.

10. Java Programs: a) Single Inheritance: class A { void show(){} } class B extends A {}

b) Multiple Inheritance: Achieved using interfaces. interface A {} interface B {} class C implements


A,B {}

c) Multilevel Inheritance: class A {} class B extends A {} class C extends B {}

11. Polymorphism: Polymorphism means one interface, many forms. Types: Compile-time
(overloading) and Runtime (overriding).

12. Java Programs: a) Compile-time Polymorphism: Method Overloading b) Run-time


Polymorphism: Method Overriding

13. Exception Handling: Exception handling prevents abnormal termination of program. try – code
with risk catch – handles exception finally – always executes Example: try { int a=5/0; }
catch(Exception e){ [Link](e); } finally{ [Link]("Done"); }

14. Threading in Java: A thread is a lightweight process. Example: class A extends Thread { public
void run(){ [Link]("Thread Running"); } }

15. Superclass & Subclass: Superclass: base class; Subclass: derived class. Inheritance allows
code reusability by extending classes.
16. Access Modifiers: private – accessible within class protected – accessible within package and
subclass public – accessible everywhere Protected lies between private and public.

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