Wave Optics Tutorial Exercises
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Preeti GuptaWave Optics Tutorial Exercises
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Preeti GuptaCommon questions
Powered by AITo convert plane-polarized light into circularly polarized light, the plate must create a phase difference of π/2. The thickness d is calculated using d = λ/(4|µo - µE|), where λ is the wavelength. Given λ = 5890 Å, µo = 1.658, and µE = 1.486, d = 5890/(4(1.658 - 1.486)) ≈ 2054 Å.
The polarizing angle, also known as Brewster's angle, is given by the equation tan(θ_p) = n₂/n₁. For water to glass transition, tan(θ_p) = 1.54/1.33. Solving this gives θ_p ≈ 49.39°.
Wave plates exploit birefringence to introduce phase differences. A quarter-wave plate generates λ/4 phase shift; a half-wave plate λ/2. For λ = 6000 Å, µo = 1.55, µE = 1.54, calculated thickness using t = λ/(2|µo - µE|) induces specific inter-modal lattice changes in rays.
The thickness t of a quarter-wave plate is calculated by t = λ/(4|µo - µE|), influenced by wavelength λ and the difference in refractive indices µo and µE. For instance, with λ = 5890 Å, µo = 1.55, µE = 1.54, ensure optimal birefringence by adjusting t accordingly to maintain polarization effects.
Using the law of optical rotation, α = [α] * l * c. If the concentration is reduced to one-third, then c' = c/3. For a new tube length of 30 cm: α' = [α] * (0.3) * (c/3) = 0.39α. Therefore, α' increases proportionately to length at reduced concentration.
The polarizing angle for water to glass transition with indices 1.33 and 1.54 is less than for glass to water due to inverse roles in Brewster's law. Since θ_p depends on n₂/n₁, higher refractive indices material leads at the boundary, indicating angle differences by ratio inverses.
Using the formula for specific rotation [α] = α/(l*c), where α is the observed rotation, l is length in dm, and c is concentration in g/cm³, we find c = (9.9°/0.2 m) / 66° = 0.75 g/cm³. Since the purity is 0.75 g/0.8 g, the percentage purity is 93.75%.
The angle of polarization depends on the refractive index because Brewster’s Law states that polarization occurs at the angle where tan(θ_p) = n₂/n₁. Thus, as the refractive indices n₂ and n₁ of the mediums change, the angle of incidence θ_p that results in polarization also changes.
When sunlight is reflected at the water's surface at 53°, it becomes completely plane polarized due to Brewster's angle, where θ_p + θ_r = 90°. This implies the angle of refraction θ_r = 90° - 53° = 37°, further indicating sin(θ_r)/sin(53°) = 1.33, confirming the refractive index of water.
Optical rotation, given by α = [α] * l * c, depends linearly on both the path length l and concentration c. Increasing either increases rotation due to higher interaction with polarized light, as shown by α = 27° for camphor in 20 cm solution, proportional to its concentration.