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Bridge Output Voltage Derivation

The document derives the expression for the output voltage of a bridge circuit using Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) as a function of temperature. It shows that the output voltage can be simplified into a nearly linear relationship over a specified temperature range, with the nonlinear term being negligible compared to the constant term. The final expression indicates that the output voltage is almost linearly proportional to the temperature difference (T2 - T1).

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3 views3 pages

Bridge Output Voltage Derivation

The document derives the expression for the output voltage of a bridge circuit using Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) as a function of temperature. It shows that the output voltage can be simplified into a nearly linear relationship over a specified temperature range, with the nonlinear term being negligible compared to the constant term. The final expression indicates that the output voltage is almost linearly proportional to the temperature difference (T2 - T1).

Uploaded by

aadityapanicker11
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

(a) Derivation of Expression for Bridge Output Voltage

Step 1: Resistance of the RTDs

The resistance of an RTD as a function of temperature is:

RT =R0 ( 1+α ( T −T 0 ) )

Here, the reference temperature is T₁.

Thus,

Ra =R0 ( 1+α ( T −T ) ) =R 0
1 1

R s=R0 ( 1+α ( T −T ) ) =R0 ( 1+ α Δ T )


2 1

Step 2: Bridge Output Voltage

The left node voltage:

Ra
V L=V ¿
R2 + R a

The right node voltage:

Rs
V R=V ¿
R3 + R s

Bridge output:

V o =V R −V L

Given R2=R 3 ,

V o =V ¿
( Rs
−
R0
R2 + R s R2 + R0 )
Step 3: Substitute R s

V o =V ¿
( R 0 ( 1+ αΔT )
−
R0
R2 + R0 ( 1+αΔ T ) R2 + R0 )
Divide numerator & denominator by R0 :

Let K = R2 / R 0

V o =V ¿ ( K1+αΔ
+1+αΔ T K +1 )
T
−
1

Step 4: Combine into a single fraction

( 1+ αΔT )( K +1 )−1 , ( K +1+ αΔT )


V o =V ¿ ,
( K +1+ αΔT ) ( K + 1 )

Simplify numerator:

( 1+αΔ T )( K +1 )− ( K+ 1+ αΔT )=K + 1+ αΔT ( K +1 )−K−1−αΔ T =αΔT

Final exact expression:

α K ,Δ T
, V o=V ¿ , ,
( K +1+αΔ T )( K +1 )

(b) Showing the relationship is approximately linear

Given:

K=10
−3
α =4 ×10
1
T =100 ° C

α K ΔT ( 4 × 10−3 ) ( 10 ) ΔT
V o =V ¿ =V ¿
( K +1+ αΔT ) ( K + 1 ) ( 10+1+ 0.004 ΔT ) (10+ 1 )

Simplify constants.
0.04 , Δ T 0.04 , Δ T
V o =V ¿ , =V ¿ ,
( 11+ 0.004 Δ T ) ( 11) 121+ 0.044 , Δ T

Expression becomes:

0.04 , Δ T
V ¿,
121+ 0.044 , Δ T

For ( T 2 ) in the range ( 50∘ C ) ¿ ( 150 ∘C ), ( Δ T =T 2−T 1 ) ranges from(−50∘ C ) ¿ ( + 50∘C ). The
nonlinear term in the denominator is

0.044 , Δ T ,

whose maximum magnitude is (|0.044\times 50| = 2.2). This is small compared to the constant
term (121):

2.2
≈ 0.018 ≈ 1.8 % .
121

Since the variation from the nonlinear term is only ≈1.8% of the constant term, it is negligible
and the expression is nearly linear. Thus, approximate linear form:

0.04 , Δ T
Vo≈V¿,
121

¿ ( 3.3058 ×10−4 V ¿ ) , ΔT ≈ ( 3.3 ×10−4 V ¿ ) , ΔT .

So over the specified range,

0.04 , Δ T
, ≈ , ( 3.3 ×10 V ¿ ) , Δ T ,
−4
,Vo≈V¿,
121+0.044 Δ T

showing that ( V o ) is almost linearly proportional to ( ( T 2−T 1 ) )

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