What is Material Master?

 Substance/Commodity that is brought/sold on a commercial basis

/used/Consumed/Created in production.
 A material can also be a service.

Material Master Record

It contains all the data required to a material. This is sorted according to various aspects.

Overview - Material Master

 The material master contains information on all the materials that a company procures
or produces, stores/sells.
 For a company the material master record represents a central source for data on
materials.
 Each department has a master record view. Its material master record view.

Material Master Record Views

 Basic data
 Purchasing (MM)
 Scheduling (PP)
 Work Scheduling (PP)
 MRP (PP)
 Quality Management (QM)
 Accounting (FICO).
 Storage
 Warehouse Management
 Casting
 Classification
 Stocks in plant/Storage Location
 Forecasting
 Sales (SD)

Material Type
 Materials with the same basic attributes are grouped together & assigned in a uniform
manner in accordance with your company.
 Procure Used in Prod No sales Raw Materials(ROH)
 Procure Used in Prod No sales Packing Materials (VERP)
 No Procure Produced No sales Semi-Finished Goods (HALB)
 No Procure Produced Sale Finished Goods (FERT)
Material Type Control
 Number of assignment
 Procurement type
 User department/View
 Field Selection
 Account determination (F1)

Other Material types:

 KMAT - Configurable Materials
 HAWA – Trading Goods
 HIBE - Operating Supplies
 NLAG - Non-Stock materials
 DIEN - Services

Material Master TCodes

Create MM01
Change MM02
Display/View MM03

Material Numbering
 It identifies a material master record.
 Internal & External Numbering
 It can be up to 18 Characters.

Material Master Organizational Levels

 Data that is valid at the Company/Client level.
 Data that is valid within one plant
 Data that is valid for one storage location.

Material Status
 It allows you to control the usability of material for business purposes.
 There are two ways for material status.
- Client-level (Basic data View)
- Plant level (MRP View)

MM17 - Mass maintenance for Material Master.

Quality Management view
 General Data
 Procurement Data
 Inspection Setup
MM60 - Material list View

Master Inspection Characteristic (MIC)

 An inspection char describes what is to be inspected
 It simplifies & standardizes inspection planning
 It describes inspection criteria.
 Characteristics control contains
•Characteristic type (Qualitative/Quantitative)
• Results Confirmation type (Summarized/Single type)
• Characteristics processing type (required/Optional)

Types of MIC's
1) Qualitative Characteristics: Non-measurable
Ex:- Colour, Smell, Texture, etc.
2) Quantitative Characteristics: Measurable
Ex:- Length, Volume, Quantity, etc.

MIC TCodes
Create QS21
Change QS23
Display/View QS24

 Complete Copy Model

 In Complete Model
 Reference Characteristics
Sampling Procedure
 It defines the rules that specify how the system calculates sample size & it contains
information about the valuation of an inspection char during the results.
 It is usually used at Char level of a task, list/material specific.
 It can be used/maintained in the inspection setup in Material Master.
 The sampling procedure is a combination of
a) Sampling type: Define how the sample is Calculated.
Ex: Fixed sample 100% inspection, % Sample, Sampling scheme
b) Valuation made: Defines the rules for accepting/rejecting a Char/Sample:
Create - QDV1
Change - QDV2
Display - QDV3

Sampling Scheme
 In the sampling scheme, you can define different Sampling tables with Sampling
plans.
 In Individual sampling tables, you can define corresponding sampling plans for each
lot size interval.
 It is assigned to the corresponding Sampling procedure
Create - QDP1
Change - QDP2
Display - QDP3
Catalog - QS41

QM Catalogs
 Characteristics attributes
 Tasks
 Usage decisions
 Events
 Causes
 Defect Consequences
Code - It is to specify defects, defect causes are to be recorded & evaluated.
Code Group - It is a summary of codes according to content.
Catalog - It is a summary of code Groups according to Content.
These Catalogs are used to define, manage & standardize information.
Selected Sets (QS51) - Codes from different Code groups with the same Catalog type can be
grouped together in a selected Set.
Ex:-

Catalog-1

Code Group-1
Code-1 Code Group-2
Code Group-3
Code-2 Code-6
Code-9
Code-3 Code-7
Code-10
Code-4 Code-8
Code-5

Selected Set

Selected Set

Code-3 Code-7 Code-9

Code-5
Valuation Code
 Accepted
 Rejected
 Not Validated

Inspection Method
 It describes how to carry out an inspection for Characteristics.
 Create - QS31
 Change - QS33
 Display - QS34
 A document can be assigned to the inspection method from DMS.
 Ex:-Drawings, technical Catalogs, Manuals.
Inspection Plan/Task List
 It is used to describe how quality inspection is to be processed for one / more materials.
 The inspection plan tells us in which order inspection operations should be performed &
which inspection char should be inspected.
 An Inspection plan contains one/more operations, which reflect different inspection
Stages for a product.
 Each operation may contain one/more MIC's.
 The inspection plan in QM is similar to task lists in PM, PP, and PS
Ex: Model inspection, GI inspection.

Header
-Material Master Record
-Vendor Master Record

Inspection Plan -Customer Master Record

/ Task list Operation

-Inspection Char
-Work Center
-Produced Resources/Tools

Inspection plan Header

 In this we define data that is valid for whole inspection plan.
 An inspection plan is uniquely identified by task list group & group counter.

Inspection plan Operation

 The operation describes individual inspection step in an inspection plan.
 One/more MIC can be assigned to inspection operations.

Inspection plan TCode

Create - QP01
Change - QP02
Display - QP03
Calculated Characteristics
 The Calculated Characteristics Control indicator has to be activated in MIC.
 You can only calculate inspection results for inspection characteristics within an
operation.
 Formula can be defined in the task list to calculate Calculated Char.

Conditional Characteristics
 The inspection of Conditional Char depends on the results of the previous required char
within the same operation.
 In control indicators of the MIC we define which attribute applies to a conditional Char.

Long Term Char

 It enables the quality inspector to record the results of a char even after the UD of the
inspection lot.
 It has to be activated in the respective MIC.

Material Specifications
 Simple inspection specifications for materials can also be represented in the system by a
material Specification.
 You can perform a simplified quality inspection using the material specification.
 It can be used for basic quality inspection with planned inspection Char.
 The Work Center's PRT cannot be assigned to it. (PRT- Production Resources/Tools)
 It is valid for all clients.
 The use of MS depends on the inspection setup in the QM view of the material master.
Create - QS61
Display - QS62

Plant Client
level Inspection level Material
Plan Specification
Inspection Execution
 An inspection lot within the SAP QM module is a formal request to inspect a specific
quantity of material.
 An inspection lot is a prerequisite for the inspection process.
 An inspection lot contains several operations. from an inspection plan, each operation
defines which activity has to be performed at which work center.
 An Inspection lot can be created manually /automatically.
1. Inspection Lot
Create - QA01 - A/M
Change - QA02
Display - QA03
2. Assign Inspection Plan - A/M
3. Sample Determination - A/M
4. Results recording
5. Useful Decision (UD) - QE01
6. Stock Posting - QA11
7. Results Recording Worklist (QE51)
8. Usage Decision Inspection list (QA32)
 After inspection & results recording, UD has to be done for inspected goods.
 UD decides goods are rejected/accepted.
 UD can be used for stock posting.
 UD for an inspection lot follows by
a) Calculate quality score
b) Update quality level
c) Trigger automatic follow-actions
d) QMIS is updated with statistical data
Forced usage decision
Automatic usage decision - QA10
 QM in MM/Procurement

Quality Inspection during Goods Receipt:

 An Inspection lot will be created during GR of any material if the required setup is done
within the QM view of the Material master.
 01 & 05 Inspection type will be used for two different scenarios.
 Post-to-inspection stock indicator can be used to post the incoming stock-to-quality
inspection stock.

Controls in Procurement
 Using these functions, the quality department in & the company can influence/control
follows
 Selecting suitable vendors
 Processing requests for quotations
 Processing Purchase order
 Processing GR inspections
 We require control of procurement from certain vendors.
 If vendors deliver bad-quality products invoices should be blocked.
 Purchase order TCode
 Create - ME21N
 QM Info record TCode
 Create - QI01
 Change - QI02
 Display - QI03
 Target System - MM02
 Vendor Master - XK02

Source Inspection
 In addition to inspecting goods upon GR, you can also have the goods inspected at vendor
premises and released for delivery.
 You can store corresponding control and scheduling information record procurement.
 Inspection trigger lot - QI07
 QM in Production

 In process inspection during production, It may be necessary to carry out several

individual interval inspections at different intervals or as a result of certain events during
the production process.
 Inspection at the end of production, It may be required to check the quality of the final
product at the end of the production process.

In process Inspection during production

 In production, the integration of inspection specifications in routing allows you to
record QM-relevant information.
 The Control key in the task list operation defines whether inspection operation Char is
to be used.
 When a production order is released the system creates an inspection lot to manage
inspection specifications & inspection results for required operations.
 In-process inspection-type used is 03 and non-stock relevant.
[Link]. QM PP
1. MIC Work Center
2. Sampling procedure BOM
3. Inspection type Routing
4. Production Order
Routing PO
Create CA01 CO01
Change CA02 CO02
Display CA03 CO03
 Quality Inspection at regular intervals
a) Time-based Interval
b) Quality based Interval
c) Freely defined Interval
 Inspection point processing is used to record the results multiple times.
 Inspection results can be recorded for freely defined objects and you can evaluate each
object.
 QM in Sales

 QM supports SD processes by executing quality inspections for Goods Issue (GI).

 For an outbound delivery, a quality Inspection is created in SD, in the QM system lot will
be generated automatically for quality inspection.

1. Quality Inspection after the manufacture before delivery to the customer.

2. Quality Inspection after Customer Complaints & returns.
QM info Record
Create - QV51
Change - QV52
Display - QV53
1. Quality Inspection after the manufacture before delivery to the customer.
QM info record - QV51/QV52/QV53
Sales order - VA01
Delivery - VL01N
Inspection lot -
Delivery (PGI) - VL02N
PGI – Post Goods Issue
2. Quality Inspection after Customer Complaints & returns.
Sales order - VA01
Delivery - VL01N
Invoice - VF01
Return sales order - VA01
Return/Inbound delivery(PGR) - VL01N
Inspection lot => RR => UD
 QM in PM

Calibration process

Test equipment management overview

 In quality planning, test equipment can be managed as PRT, which can be defined in the
SAP ERP system by using different types of master records.
1. Material Master Record
2. Equipment Master Record
3. PRT Master Record
4. Document Master Record

PM QM
1. Test equipment IE01 MIC
2. Task list(E) IA01 Sampling procedure
3. Maintenance plan IP41
4. Schedule IP10/IP30
5. Work Orders IW32
6. Inspection lot
7. Results Recording
8. Usage decision
9. Confirmation IW41
10. TECO
Follow-up actions
Customizing path
Quality management => Quality Inspection => Inspection lot completion => Define Follow-
up actions
Physical Sample Management/Sample Drawing
 During an inspection of material upon & GR, you typically draw physical samples from
readily available/known quantities of goods.
 The goods are usually delivered in one or more containers from which we draw physical
samples.
 The system determines the scope of a physical sample drawing from the information in
the inspection plan & from the assigned sample drawing procedure.
 The sample drawing Sample inspection specifies: -
- How much physical sample to be drawn from the available quantity of goods.
- How to distribute the physical samples among the laboratories for inspection.

Sample drawing Procedure TCode

Change/Edit - QPV2
Display - QPV3

Physical Sample Category types

1. Primary Samples are taken directly from the lot.
2. Pooled Samples are created by pooling primary samples.
3. Reserve Samples are primary samples that are reserved as specimen samples.
- Physical sample Categories are defined in the sample drawing item.
- Each sample drawing procedure contains one/more sample drawing items.

Sample Drawing Procedure

 These items specify the details for drawing the physical samples.
 Sample drawing item is used to define whether you want to work with primary
samples only/pooled/reserved samples.
 You define a number of physical samples and physical sample containers as the
sample drawing item.
 The sample drawing item contains instructions
- Sample Category
- Number of Physical samples
- Physical sample size
- Lot container for inspection lot
- Physical sample Container
Physical Sample QPR1/QPR2/QPR3
Inspection lot Creation QPR5
Inspection lot QA32
Results Recording
Usage Decision
Batch Valuation & Recurring Inspection
 Here Link between MIC and class characteristics allows you to transfer results to a
quality inspection classification so that the system can access them in batch
determination.
 This can only take place if the material is to be handled in batches and batch class
should be assigned to the material master in the classification view.
 The class characteristics from the batch class are automatically evaluated for
inspection completion on the basis of inspection results.
Batch Master
Create - MSC1N
Change - MSC2N
Display - MSC3N

Goods Receipt (GR) - MIGO

Recurring Inspection
 This allows us to monitor the quality of batches that are in warehouses at specified
intervals of time.
 The system automatically creates an inspection Lot at pre-defined intervals for
selected material batches.
 The system creates an inspection lot automatically if the following conditions are met:
- Material to be defined as batch material in MM record.
- An inspection interval is specified in the QM view of the MM record.
- Inspection-type 09 is activated.
- Specify an inspection using TL/MS
- SLED date should be mentioned in the MM record.

o SLED-Shelf Life Expiry Date

o BBD - Best Before Date.
 Quality Certificates

 A quality certificate certifies the quality of goods.

 A certificate can be created directly for an inspection lot or for a batch when a
delivery does not exist.
 The format & & Contents of Certificates are defined through the interaction of the
certificate profile and SAP scripts form.

Certificate Planning
 Certificate Type: Describes the general features certificate of a certificate and can be
based on standards.
 Certificate form: Determines page layout and format of the data on the certificate.
- In Standard SAP System Sample form QM_QCERT_01
 Certificate Profile: Controls inspection lot selection, the sequence of Char & Char
data.
- It contains header data & Char data.
a) Profile Header: It contains a variety of general data for the certificate. This
data is independent of Char.
b) Profile Char: You define data for Char that you want to print on the certificate,
in Certificate-profile on Char data.
c) Materials: You assign a material with respective to inspection origin and types
which use the same Certificate profile.
 You can also maintain several materials with the same MIC's and different inspection
types.
Certificate Profile QC01/QC02/QC03
Assignments QC15/QC16/QC17

Statistical Process Control

 SPC allows you to monitor, and control improve processes.
 The control chart is an important tool in SPC.
 In the QM component, you can maintain Control charts for both quantitative &
qualitative Char.
 The quality control chart is a graphical tool to help you identify systematic variance of
a quality char from a target value based on unavoidable, coincidental fluctuations in
Char values.
MIC QS21 Control chart
Sampling Procedure QDV1 Inspection lot QGC1
Inspection Plan QP02 Inspection Char QGC2
Inspection lots QA01 MIC QGC3
RR
UD

Quality Notification
 It contains functions for capturing and processing different types of problems (or)
defects which are identified during the inspection process.
 Quality notifications are utilized to analyze the recorded defects & perform root cause
analysis of these problems.
 In addition to standard notification types customized notification types are created as
per business requirements.
 Pre-defined QM notification types
- Customer complaint
- Complaint against vendor
- Internal problem report

Terminologies
 Notification Category:
- Identifies notification that belongs to particular application components in the
system.
- Standard quality notification category is "02".

 Notification Origin:
- It defines a Business context in which notification is used.
o Customer Complaint (Q1)
o Complaint against vendor (Q2)
o Internal problem notification (Q3)

 Notification Type:
- It determines the origin, content & other properties of the notification
- Triggering of Quality Notification
o Automatic
o Manual

Quality Notification – QM01/QM02/QM03

Catalog & Catalog Profile

 The Catalogs are combinations of Code groups grouped together according to content.
 You use catalogs to define, manage, and Standardize information.
  A combination of Code groups from different catalogs that are grouped together as
allowed values for notification processing.
 It determines which code groups will be accessible from various catalogs to record
items, tasks of activities in a notification.
Catalog - QS41

Catalog Types in QM
- Coding
- Detect type
- Defect location
- Causes
- Tasks
- Activities

Catalog Catalog Profile

↓ ↓
Code Groups Catalog 1 - Code group 10,
↓ Catalog 5 - Code group 3,
Codes Catalog 6 - Code group 1

Defects Recording
 When the inspection lot is processed, inspection results are recorded in the form of
char values or defects.
 A defect is any property/attribute of a material that does not meet inspection Char
specification.
 You record the defects with the pre-defined defect codes maintained in the inspection
catalog.
 Methods of recording defects in QM
o Usage Decision
o Manually
o Results Recording
Here is a prioritized list of SAP QM (Quality Management) transaction codes (TCodes)
based on their importance and usage in quality processes:

1. High Priority – Core Quality Management TCodes

These are the most frequently used transaction codes in day-to-day QM operations.

TCode Description
QA01 Create Inspection Lot
QA02 Change Inspection Lot
QA03 Display Inspection Lot
QA11 Record Usage Decision
Inspection Lot Worklist
QA32
(Results & Usage Decision)
QE51N Record Inspection Results
QE01 Record Results for Inspection Lot
QPR1 Create Inspection Plan
QS21 Create Master Inspection Characteristics
QS31 Create Sampling Procedure
QM01 Create Quality Notification
QM02 Change Quality Notification
QM03 Display Quality Notification
QDL1 Create Defect Record
QGA3 Display Defects Overview
QCC0 QM Customizing Menu

2. Medium Priority – Supporting QM Processes

These TCodes are commonly used in extended QM processes and integration with other
modules.

TCode Description
QINF Maintain Quality Info Record
QA51 List of Inspection Lots for Material
QA52 List of Inspection Lots for Vendor
QA53 List of Inspection Lots for Customer
QG01 Create Quality Certificate
QG02 Change Quality Certificate
QG03 Display Quality Certificate
QC01 Create Certificate Profile
QC02 Change Certificate Profile
QC03 Display Certificate Profile
QGC1 Create Certificate for Delivery
 QGC2 Change Certificate for Delivery
QGC3 Display Certificate for Delivery

3. Low Priority – Advanced Analysis & Customization

These are used for reporting, analysis, and configuration tasks.

TCode Description
MCXA QM Standard Analysis
MCXB Inspection Lot Analysis
MCXC Defect Analysis
MCXD Vendor Quality Evaluation
MCXE Customer Quality Evaluation
MCXX General QM Reports
OQFA Define Quality Levels
OQFN Define Inspection Types
OQMO Define Quality Notifications Types
SPRO SAP Customizing (IMG)

4. Industry-Specific or Special TCodes

Used for unique business requirements and industry-specific QM needs.

TCode Description
QAC1 Reset Sample Calculation
QA08 Mass Change for Inspection Setup
QA09 Mass Display of Inspection Setup
QK01 Create Quality Key
QK02 Change Quality Key
QF01 Create QM Task
QF02 Change QM Task
QF03 Display QM Task

Conclusion

 High-Priority TCodes are essential for daily QM operations (Inspection, Results,

Notifications).
 Medium-Priority TCodes support extended functionalities (Certifications, Records).
 Low-Priority TCodes help in analytics, reporting, and system customization.
 Special TCodes are useful for niche processes and industry-specific needs.