1.
1 Hardware and software answers
Getting started
1 Devices listed below:
a laptop
b microphone
c digital camera
d USB memory stick.
Practice
1
Software Application (✓) System (✓)
Database management system ✓
Word processor ✓
Compiler ✓
Computer aided design (CAD) ✓
2 Data from sensors is analogue.
Computer understands digital data.
Challenge
3 CLI uses commands for the user to communicate to the computer.
GUI uses icons, menus, pointers and windows for the user to communicate
with
the computer.
GUI uses a lot of memory because it contains graphical components.
GUI is a bit slow compared to CLI due to the loading of graphics.
CLI does not use a lot of memory because instructions are text-based.
CLI is faster than GUI.
1
1.2 Components of a computer system
and types of computer answers
Getting started
1 a Microphone, camera, touchscreen.
b Speaker, touchscreen.
c Memory card, internal solid-state drive (SSD).
Practice
4 Input devices are used to send data into the computer for processing while
output
devices are used to communicate the results of processing from the computer.
5 Differences:
RAM is random-access memory.
ROM is read only memory.
RAM is volatile (RAM is a fast temporal memory).
ROM is non-volatile (ROM is a fast permanent memory).
RAM holds instructions currently being run by the computer.
ROM holds configuration files necessary for the start-up of a computer.
Challenge
6 Advantages of mobile computers:
Mobile computers are lightweight and do not occupy large surface areas.
Mobile computers are portable so they can be used anywhere where there is
connectivity.
Mobile computers do not need a constant power supply as they may be
powered up
by charged batteries.
Mobile computers are less noisy as they are optimized for quieter
performance.
2
1.3 Emerging technologies answers
Getting started
1 B Computer architecture.
7
Application True (✓)
Flight autopilot ✓
Facial recognition ✓
Word processing
Robotics ✓
Practice
8 Artificial intelligence cars rely on sensors to communicate with the outside
world
and other cars on the road.
Sensors take readings faster than humans, so there will be faster reaction
times to
avoid an accident.
If all cars on the roads were self-driving, they would communicate easily and
faster
than human drivers do, thus avoiding accidents caused by poor
communication.
Computers don’t get tired or fatigued so cannot sleep while driving.
Artificial intelligence programs in self-driving cars can learn navigation maps,
signs
on the roads, pedestrian crossings, animals, people, etc. which make them
navigate
well around those areas.
9 Virtual reality uses computer technology to generate a simulated experience
similar
to the real world. Everything the user sees is generated by the computer, thus
the name ‘virtual’. It is not real, although, to the user, it feels real.
On the other hand, augmented reality is an interactive experience with the
real world.
The computer generates a virtual environment which is displayed on top of a
real-world object or environment. Think of AR as a combination of a virtual
and real world.
Challenge
3
10 Artificial intelligence is used in many programs and devices that help humans
communicate or travel. For example, AI can organise your calendar, check the
weather
and advise whether to go out or not, order food, etc.
Artificial intelligence can take up dangerous roles and repetitive tasks. This
can give
humans more free time to focus on other aspects of their lives.
4
On the other hand, artificial intelligence can cause people to lose certain jobs,
especially
jobs that will directly be taken up by AI devices.
Artificial intelligence in cars can help the driver focus on driving while using
voice recognition to control some aspects of the car like cabin temperature,
music, radio
and internet.