Class 8 Science ERP Test Series Answer Key

Date - 22/07/2025, 09:08 AM IST

Section A: Answer ALL of the following questions (1

× 10 = 10 marks)
1. What is the process of loosening and turning the soil called?
a. Sowing b. Ploughing c. Weeding d. Harvesting
Answer: b) Ploughing
Explanation: Ploughing is the agricultural process of loosening and turning the soil to
prepare it for planting, improving aeration and root penetration.
2. Which of the following is a kharif crop?
a. Wheat b. Gram c. Rice d. Barley
Answer: c) Rice
Explanation: Kharif crops are grown during the monsoon season (June to October), and
rice is a typical example due to its water requirement.
3. What is a force?
a. A push or pull on an object b. The weight of an object
c. The speed of an object d. The shape of an object
Answer: a) A push or pull on an object
Explanation: A force is defined as any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the
motion of an object, manifesting as a push or pull.
4. What is the S.I. unit of pressure?
a. Newton b. Joule c. Watt d. Pascal
Answer: d) Pascal
Explanation: The S.I. unit of pressure is Pascal (Pa), which is equivalent to one Newton
per square meter.
5. Which of the following is a non-renewable source of energy?
a. Solar energy b. Wind energy c. Coal d. Biomass
Answer: c) Coal
Explanation: Coal is a non-renewable source as it takes millions of years to form and its
reserves are finite.
6. What is the main source of coal?
a. Dead animals b. Dead plants c. Volcanic ash d. Marine sediments
Answer: b) Dead plants
Explanation: Coal is primarily formed from the compression of dead plant material over
millions of years under heat and pressure.
7. Which of the following is a modern method of irrigation?
a. Moat b. Drip irrigation c. Rahat d. Chain pump
Answer: b) Drip irrigation
Explanation: Drip irrigation is a modern, efficient method that delivers water directly to
the plant roots, conserving water.
8. Frictional force is an example of:
a. Contact force b. Non-contact force c. Magnetic force d. Gravitational force
Answer: a) Contact force

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Explanation: Frictional force occurs when two surfaces are in contact, opposing the
relative motion between them.
9. What does CNG stand for?
a. Compressed Natural Gas b. Condensed Nitrogen Gas
c. Combined Natural Gas d. Compressed Nitrogen Gas
Answer: a) Compressed Natural Gas
Explanation: CNG stands for Compressed Natural Gas, a fuel used in vehicles and in-
dustries.
10. What is the primary component of natural gas?
a. Ethane b. Propane c. Methane d. Butane
Answer: c) Methane
Explanation: Methane constitutes the largest portion of natural gas, typically around
70-90

Section B: Answer ALL of the following questions (2

× 4 = 8 marks)
1. Differentiate between kharif and rabi crops.
Answer: Kharif crops are grown during the monsoon season (June to October) and
include rice, maize, and cotton. Rabi crops are grown in the winter season (November
to March) and include wheat, barley, and gram. The main difference lies in their sowing
and harvesting seasons, influenced by rainfall and temperature.
2. Explain how atmospheric pressure helps in drinking through a straw.
Answer: When you suck air out of a straw, the pressure inside the straw decreases.
Atmospheric pressure, which is higher outside, then pushes the liquid up the straw and
into your mouth, allowing you to drink.
3. What is destructive distillation of coal?
Answer: Destructive distillation of coal is the process of heating coal in the absence of
air to break it down into useful products such as coke, coal gas, coal tar, and ammonia.
This process is used to extract these substances for industrial purposes.
4. A ball is thrown vertically upwards and eventually returns to the ground. Identify
the two main forces acting on the ball during its flight and explain how each force affects
its motion.
Answer: The two main forces are gravity and air resistance. Gravity pulls the ball
downward, reducing its upward speed and eventually bringing it back to the ground. Air
resistance opposes the ball’s motion, slowing it down during both ascent and descent.

Section C: Answer ALL of the following questions (3

× 4 = 12 marks)
1. We know that there is a huge amount of atmospheric pressure on us. But we do not
experience its effect why?
Answer: We do not experience atmospheric pressure because our bodies are adapted
to it, and the internal pressure within our body (blood pressure and tissue fluids) bal-
ances the external pressure. This equilibrium prevents us from feeling it under normal
conditions.

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 2. How does the force of friction affect the motion of an object? Give an example.
Answer: The force of friction opposes the motion of an object, reducing its speed or
stopping it by converting kinetic energy into heat. For example, when you apply brakes
to a bicycle, friction between the brake pads and the wheel slows it down and eventually
stops it.
3. Describe the formation of petroleum and where it is usually found.
Answer: Petroleum is formed over millions of years from the remains of marine organisms
like plankton and algae, which settle on the ocean floor. Under heat and pressure in the
absence of oxygen, these remains transform into hydrocarbons. It is usually found in
sedimentary rock formations, often beneath the Earth’s surface or under the ocean floor,
in regions like the Middle East and the Gulf of Mexico.
4. What are the advantages of using manure over chemical fertilisers?
Answer: Manure improves soil structure and fertility by adding organic matter, enhances
water retention, and reduces soil erosion. It is also eco-friendly, as it does not cause
soil or water pollution like chemical fertilisers, and it promotes long-term soil health by
supporting microbial activity.

Section D: Answer any two of the following questions

(5 × 2 = 10 marks)
1. Explain the process of sowing, including the traditional and modern methods used for
it. Why is seed selection important?
Answer: Sowing is the process of planting seeds in the soil to initiate crop growth.
Traditionally, it involves scattering seeds by hand or using tools like a hoe, which is labor-
intensive and less precise. Modern methods include using seed drills, which plant seeds
at uniform depths and spacing, and mechanized planters for large-scale farming, ensuring
better germination and resource use. Seed selection is important because it determines
crop yield, resistance to pests and diseases, and adaptability to local conditions, ensuring
healthy and productive plants.
2. What is meant by gravitational force (or force of gravity)? Give one example.
What is the gravitational force of the Earth?
Answer: Gravitational force is the attractive force that exists between any two masses,
pulling them toward each other. An example is an apple falling from a tree to the ground.
The gravitational force of the Earth is approximately 9.8 m/s2 , which is the acceleration
due to gravity at its surface.
3. Discuss the importance of conserving coal and petroleum. Suggest three ways to
reduce their consumption.
Answer: Conserving coal and petroleum is crucial because they are non-renewable re-
sources that take millions of years to form, and their depletion leads to energy crises.
Their burning also causes air pollution and contributes to global warming. Three ways
to reduce consumption include using renewable energy sources like solar and wind, pro-
moting public transportation to decrease fuel use, and improving energy efficiency in
homes and industries through better insulation and appliances.