CAMBRIDGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

KR PURAM, BANGALORE- 560036

ENGINEERING
VISUALIZATION

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Belgaum, Karnataka
 Engineering Visualization
Course Code 21EVN15/25 CIE Marks 50
Teaching Hour/Week (L:T:P:S) 2:0:2:0 SEE Marks 50
Total Hours of Teaching - Learning 40 Total Marks 100
Credits 03 Exam Hours 03
Course Learning Objectives:
CLO1: To understand the basic principles and conventions of engineering drawing
CLO2: To use drawing as a communication mode
CLO3: To generate pictorial views using CAD software
CLO4: To understand the development of surfaces
CLO5: To visualise engineering components
Teaching-Learning (General Instructions):
• Students should be made aware of powerful engineering communication tool – Drawing.
• Simple Case studies can be suitably selected by the teacher for hands on practice to induce the feel of
fruitfulness of learning.
• Appropriate Models, Power Point presentation, Charts, Videos, shall be used to enhance visualization before
hands on practice.
• For application problems use very generally available actual objects. (Example: For rectangular prism / object;
matchbox, carton boxes, book, etc can be used. Similarly for other shapes)
• Use any CAD software for generating orthographic and pictorial views.
• Make use of sketch book with graph sheets for manual / preparatory sketching
Module1
Introduction: for CIE only
Significance of Engineering drawing, BIS Conventions of Engineering Drawing, Free hand sketching of engineering
drawing, Scales.
Introduction to Computer Aided Drafting software, Co-ordinate system and reference planes HP, VP, RPP & LPP of
2D/3D environment. Selection of drawing sheet size and scale. Commands and creation of Lines, coordinate points,
axes, polylines, square, rectangle, polygons, splines, circles, ellipse, text, move, copy, off-set, mirror, rotate, trim,
extend, break, chamfer, fillet and curves.
Orthographic Projections of Points, Lines and Planes:
Introduction to Orthographic projections, Orthographic projections of points in all the quadrants.
Orthographic projections of lines. (Placed in First quadrant only)
Orthographic projections of planes viz triangle, square, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon and circular laminae. (Placed in
First quadrant only).
Application on projections of Lines & Planes (For CIE only)
Module2
Orthographic Projection of Solids:
Orthographic projection of right regular solids (Solids Resting on HP only);
Prisms & Pyramids (triangle, square, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon), Cylinders, Cones, Cubes, &Tetrahedron.
Application problems on projection of solids.
Projections of Frustum of cone, pyramid & truncated sphere (For CIE only).
 Module3
Isometric Projections:
Isometric scale, Isometric projection of hexahedron (cube), right regular prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones and
spheres. Isometric projection of combination of two simple solids.
Conversion of simple isometric drawings into orthographic views.
Problems on applications of Isometric projections of simple objects / engineering components.
Introduction to drawing views using 3D environment (For CIE only).
Module4
Development of Lateral Surfaces of Solids:
Development of lateral surfaces of right regular prisms, cylinders, pyramids, and cones resting with base on HP only.
Development of their frustums and truncations.
Problems on applications of development of lateral surfaces like, funnels and trays.
Problems on applications of development of lateral surfaces of transition pieces connecting circular duct and
rectangular duct (For CIE Only)
Module5
Multidisciplinary Applications & Practice (For CIE Only):
Free hand Sketching; True free hand, Guided Free hand, Roads, Buildings, Utensils, Hand tools & Furniture’s etc
Drawing Simple Mechanisms; Bicycles, Tricycles, Gear trains, Ratchets, two wheeler cart & Four wheeler carts to
dimensions etc
Electric Wiring and lighting diagrams; Like, Automatic fire alarm, Call bell system, UPS system, Basic power
distribution system using suitable software
Basic Building Drawing; Like, Architectural floor plan, basic foundation drawing, steel structures- Frames, bridges,
trusses using Auto CAD or suitable software,
Electronics Engineering Drawings- Like, Simple Electronics Circuit Drawings.
Graphs & Charts: Like, Column chart, Pie chart, Line charts, Gantt charts, etc. using Microsoft Excel or any
suitable software.

Course outcomes
At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO 1. Understand and visualize the objects with definite shape and dimensions
CO 2. Analyze the shape and size of objects through different views
CO 3. Develop the lateral surfaces of the object
CO 4. Create a 3D view using CAD software.
CO 5. Identify the interdisciplinary engineering components or systems through its graphical representation.
Assessment Details (both CIE and SEE)
The weightage of Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) is 50% and for Semester End Exam (SEE) is 50%. The
minimum passing mark for the CIE is 40% of the maximum marks (20 marks) and that for SEE minimum passing
mark is 35% of the maximum marks (18 marks). A student shall be deemed to have satisfied the academic
requirements and earned the credits allotted to each subject/ course if the student secures not less than 35% ( 18
Marks out of 50)in the semester-end examination(SEE), and a minimum of 40% (40 marks out of 100) in the sum
total of the CIE (Continuous Internal Evaluation) and SEE (Semester End Examination) taken together
Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE)
• CIE shall be evaluated for max marks 100. Marks obtained shall be accounted for CIE final marks, reducing it
by 50%.
• CIE component should comprise of
• Continuous evaluation of Drawing work of students as and when the Modules are covered on the basis of below
detailed weightage.
• At least one closed book Test covering all the modules on the basis of below detailed weightage.
• Weightage for Test and Continuous evaluation shall be suitably decided by respective course coordinators.

Module Max. Marks Evaluation Weightage in marks

Weightage Computer display and print out Preparatory sketching
(a) (b)
Module 1 15 10 05
Module 2 20 15 05
Module 3 20 20 00
Module 4 20 20 00
Module 5 25 15 10
Total 100 80 20
Consideration of CIE Marks Total of (a) + (b) ÷ 2 = Final CIE marks
Semester End Examination (SEE)
• SEE shall be conducted and evaluated for maximum marks 100. Marks obtained shall be accounted for SEE
final marks, reducing it by 50%
• Question paper shall be set jointly by both Internal and External Examiner and made available for each batch as
per schedule. Questions are to be set preferably from Text Books.
• Evaluation shall be carried jointly by both the examiners.
• Scheme of Evaluation: To be defined by the examiners jointly and the same shall be submitted to the university
along with question paper.
• One full question shall be set from each of the Module from Modules 1,2,3,4 as per the below tabled weightage
details. However, the student may be awarded full marks, if he/she completes solution on computer display
without sketch.
Module Max. Marks Evaluation Weightage in marks
Weightage Computer display and print out Preparatory sketching
(a) (b)
Module 1 20 15 05
Module 2 30 25 05
Module 3 25 20 05
Module 4 25 20 05
Total 100 80 20
Consideration of SEE Marks Total of (a) + (b) ÷ 2 = Final SEE marks

Suggested Learning Resources:

Text Books
• Bhatt, N.D., Engineering Drawing: Plane and Solid Geometry, 53rd edition, Charotar Publishing House Pvt.
Limited, 2019.
• K. R. Gopalakrishna, & Sudhir Gopalakrishna: Textbook Of Computer Aided Engineering Drawing, 39th
Edition, Subash Stores, Bangalore, 2017
• S. N. Lal: Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD : First-angle Projection 1st Edition,
Cengage, Publication, 2018
• S.N. Lal, & T Madhusudhan:, Engineering Visulisation, 1st Edition, Cengage, Publication
• Luzadder Warren J., Duff John M., Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing: with an Introduction to Interactive
Computer Graphics for Design and Production, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, Eastern
Economy Edition, 2005.
Reference Books
• Parthasarathy N. S., Vela Murali, Engineering Drawing, Oxford University Press, 2015.
• Dhawan R. K., A Textbook of Engineering Drawing, 3/e, S. Chand Publishing, 2019.
• Venugopal K., Engineering Drawing and Graphics, New Age International publishers, 2014.
• Bhattacharya S. K., Electrical Engineering Drawing, New Age International publishers, second edition 1998,
reprint 2005.
• Chris Schroder, Printed Circuit Board Design using AutoCAD, Newnes, 1997.
• K S Sai Ram Design of steel structures, , Third Edition by Pearson
• Nainan p kurian Design of foundation systems, Narosa publications
• A S Pabla, Electrical power distribution, 6th edition, Tata Mcgraw hill
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

CHAPTER-1

PROJECTION OF PLANE SURFACES

1) An equilateral triangular lamina of 25mm side lies with one of its edges on HP such that
the surface of the lamina is inclined to HP at 600. The edge on which it rests is inclined to
VP at [Link] projections.

b'
b'

VP a'(c') b' a'(c') c' a'

X Y
HP

c c c
b
25

b b
a

a a

2) An equilateral triangular lamina of 25mm side lies with one of its edges on HP such that
the surface of the lamina is inclined to HP at 600. The edge on which it rests is inclined to
VP at [Link] projections.

b' b'

VP a'(c') b' a'(') c' a'

X Y
HP

c b
c c

a
25

b b

a a

Page 1
 Engineering Visualization

3) A triangular plane figure of sides 25mm is resting on HP with one of its corners, such that
the surface of the lamina makes an angle of 600 with HP. if the side opposite to the corner
on which the lamina rests makes an angle of 300 with VP. Draw the top and front view in
this position.

b'(c') c' b'

VP a' b'(c') a' a'

X Y
HP

4) An equilateral triangular lamina of 25mm side lies with one of its edges on VP such that
the surface of the lamina is inclined to VP at 450. The edge on which it rests is inclined to
HP at [Link] projections.

c' c'

b' b' b'

25

c'
a' a'
a'

c(a) c(a)
 Engineering Visualization

5) An equilateral triangular lamina of sides 25mm is resting on VP with one of its corners,
such that the surface of the lamina makes an angle of 600 with VP. if the side opposite to
the corner on which the lamina rests makes an angle of 300 with HP. Draw the top and
front view in this position.

c' c'

a'
a' a'
c'

b' b'
b'
VP
X a
HP a c(b) a

c(b) b c

6) A triangular plane lamina of sides 25mm is resting on HP with one of its corner touching
it, such that the side opposite to the corner on which it rests is 15mm above HP and
makes an angle of 300 with VP. Draw the top and front views in this position. Also
determine the inclination of the lamina to the reference plane.
15

VP
X Y
HP
 Engineering Visualization

7) An equilateral triangular lamina of 25mm side lies on one of its sides on HP. The lamina
makes 450 with HP and one of its medians is inclined at 400 to VP. Draw its projections.

b'

VP a'(c') b' c' a'

X Y
HP
25

=  Degrrrees

8) A triangular lamina of 25mm sides rests on one of its corner on VP such that the median
is passing through the corner on which it rests is inclined at 300 to HP and 450 to VP.
Draw its projections.

c' c'
c'
a'
25

a'
b' a' b'
b'

VP
X
HP c(b)

c(b)

=  Degrrrees
 Engineering Visualization

9) A 300-600 setsquare of 60mm longest side is so kept such that the longest side is in HP,
making an angle of 300 with VP. The setsquare itself inclined at 450 to HP. Draw
projections of the setsquare.

b'
a'(c') b'
VP c' a'
HP
c c
60

b
b

a a

10) A 600-300 setsquare of 60mm longest side is so kept such that the longest side is in HP,
making an angle of 300 with VP. The setsquare itself inclined at 450 to HP. Draw
projections of the setsquare.

b' b'

VP a'(c') b' a'(c') c' a'

X
HP
60
 Engineering Visualization

11) An isosceles triangular plane of negligible thickness has base 25mm long and altitude
35mm. it is so placed on HP such that in the front view it is seen as an equilateral triangle
of 25mm sides with the side that is parallel to VP is inclined at 450 to HP. Draw its top
and front views. Also determine the inclination of the plate with the reference plane.
25

VP c'
X
HP

12) A square lamina of 40mm side rests on one of its sides on HP. The lamina makes 300 to
HP and the side on which it rests makes 450 to VP. Draw its projections.

b' c'

VP a'(d') b'(c') a' d'

X
HP
q 40
 Engineering Visualization

13) A square plate of 30mm sides rests on HP such that one of the diagonals is inclined at 300
to HP and 450 to VP. Draw its projections.

c'

d'
b'
VP a' b'(d') c' a'
X
HP

14) A square lamina ABCD of 40mm side rests on corner C such that the diagonal AC
appears to be at 450 to VP. The two sides BC and CD containing the corner C makes
equal inclination with HP. The surface of the lamina makes 300 with HP. Draw its top
and front views.

HP
 Engineering Visualization

15) The top view of a square lamina of side 30mm is a rectangle of sides 30mmX20mm with
the longer side of the rectangle being parallel to both HP and VP. Draw the top and front
views of the square lamina. what is the inclination of the surface of the lamina with HP
and VP?
q 30

16) A rectangular lamina of sides 20mmX30mm rests on HP on one of its longer edges. The
lamina is tilted about the edges on which it rests till its plane surfaces is inclined HP at
450. The edge on which it rests is inclined at 300 to VP. Draw the projections of the
lamina.

b' c'
VP a'(d') b'(c') a' d'
X
HP

d c d c
30

b a b
a
 Engineering Visualization

17) A rectangular lamina of 35mmX20mm rests on HP on one of its shorter edges. The
lamina is rotated about the edge on which it rests till it appears as a square in the top
view. The edge on which the lamina rests being parallel to both HP and VP. Draw its
projections and find its inclination to HP and VP.

b'(c') c' b''(c'')

b'

VP a'(d') b'(c') a'(d') a' d' a''(d'')

X
HP
20

18) A rectangular lamina of 35mmX20mm rests on HP on of its shorter edges. The lamina is
rotated about the edge on which it rests till it appears as a square in the top view. The
edge on which the lamina rests is inclined to 300 to VP. Draw its projections and find its
inclination to HP.

b'(c') b' c'

VP a'(d') b'(c') a'(d') a' d'

X
HP
d c d c
20

a b a q b
 Engineering Visualization

19) A rectangular lamina of sides 20mmX25mm has an edge in HP and adjoining edge in VP,
is tilted such that the front view appears as a rectangle of 20mmX15mm. The edge, which
is in VP, is 30mm from the right profile plane. (a)Draw the top view, front view and the
left profile view in this position.(b) find its inclination with the corresponding principal
planes.

X1

d' c' d' c' d'' c''

20

VP a' b' a' b' a'' b''

X d(a)
HP d(a) c(b)

c(b)

Y1
30

q 20
 Engineering Visualization

40

q 30

20) A rectangular plate of negligible thickness of size 35mmX20mm has one of its shorter
edges in VP with that edge inclined at 400 to HP. Draw the top view if its front view is a
square of side 20mm.

q c'
d' c' d' c'
b'
20

d'
a' b' a' b' a'
VP
X
HP d(a) c(b) d(a)

c(b)
 Engineering Visualization

21) A pentagonal lamina of edges 25mm is resting on HP with one of its sides such that the
surface makes an angle of 600 with HP. The edge on which it rests is inclined at 450 to
VP. Draw its projections.

c'

d'
b'

a'(e') b'(d') c' e' a'

25

22) A pentagonal lamina of edges 25mm is resting on HP with one of its corners such that the
plane surface makes an angle of 600 with HP. The two of the edges containing the corner
on which lamina rests make equal inclination with HP. When the edge opposite to this
corner make an angle of 450 with VP and nearer to the observer. Draw the top and front
views of the plane lamina in this position.

c' d'

b' e'
VP a' b'(e') c'(d') a'
X
HP
e e
d d
a
a

c c
b b
 Engineering Visualization

23) A pentagonal lamina of edges 25mm is resting on HP with one of its corners such that
the edge opposite to this corner is 20mm above HP and makes an angle of 450 with VP.
Draw the top and front views of the plane lamina in this position. Determine the
inclination of the lamina with HP.

c'(d') d' c'

b'(e') e'

20
VP a' b'(e') c'(d') b'
a' a' Y
X
HP

24) A pentagonal lamina of sides 25mm is resting on one of its edges on HP with the corner
opposite to that edge touching VP. This edge is parallel to VP and the corner, which
touches VP, is at a height of 15mm above HP. Draw the projections of the lamina and
determine the inclinations of the lamina with HP and VP and the distance at which the
parallel edge lies from VP.

c' c'
b'(d') d' b'
15

VP a'(e') b'(d') c' a'(e') e' a'

X
HP
d b
35,43
25
 Engineering Visualization

25) A pentagonal lamina of sides 25mm is having a sides both HP and VP. The surface of the
lamina inclined at an angle of 600 with HP. Draw the top and front views of lamina.

VP
X Y
HP
25

26) A pentagonal lamina of sides 25mmis having a side both on HP and VP. The corner
opposite to the side on which it rests is 15mm above HP. Draw the top and front views of
the lamina.

c' c'
b'(d') b' d'
15

VP a'(e') b'(d') c' a'(e') a' e'

X
HP
25
 Engineering Visualization

27) A regular pentagonal lamina of 25mm side is resting on one of its corner on HP while the
sides opposite to this corner touches VP. If the lamina makes an angle of 600 with HP and
300 with VP. Draw the projections of the lamina.

d' c'

e' b'
VP a' b'(e') c'(d') a'
X
HP

a
d

28) A regular pentagonal lamina of 25mm sides is resting on one of its sides on HP while the
corner opposite to this side touches VP. If the lamina makes an angle of 600 with HP and
300 with VP, draw the projections of lamina.

c'
d' b'

VP a'(e') b'(d') c' e' a'

X Y
HP
25
Engineering Visualization
 Engineering Visualization

29) A pentagonal lamina having edges 25mm is placed on one of its corners on VP such that
the surface makes an angle 300 with the VP and perpendicular bisector of the edge
passing through the corner on which the lamina rests appears to be inclined at 300 to HP.
Draw the top and front view of lamina.

e' e'
d' d'

a'
a'

c' c'
b' b'

VP
X a b Y
HP a e(b) d(c)
e

d c
 Engineering Visualization

30) A pentagonal lamina having edges 25 mm is placed on one of its corners on VP such that
the surface makes an angle 300 with VP and perpendicular bisector of the edge passing
through the corner on which the lamina rests is inclined at 450 to HP. Draw the top and
front views of the lamina.

e' e'
d' d'

a'
a'

c' c'
b' b'

VP
X
HP e(b) d(c)
 Engineering Visualization

45
45
30
30
 Engineering Visualization

31) Draw the top and front views of a hexagonal lamina of 30mm sides having two of its
edges parallel to both vertical and horizontal planes and one of its edges is 10mm from
each of the planes of projection. The surface of the lamina is inclined at an angle of 600 to
the HP.

10
VP
X

10
HP
30

32) A regular hexagonal lamina of sides 25mm is lying in such a way that one of its sides on
HP while the side opposite to the side on which it rests is on VP. If the lamina makes 600
to HP. Draw the projections of the lamina.
c' d'

b' e'

VP a'(f') b'(e') c'(d') a' f'

X Y
HP e a f
e b
e
f d f d
c d
30

c c
a
a
b b
 Engineering Visualization

33) A regular hexagonal lamina of side 25mm is lying in such a way that one of its corner on
HP while the corner opposite to the corner on which it rests is on VP. If the lamina make
600 to HP. Draw the projections of the lamina.
d'

e' c'

b'
VP a' b'(f') c'(e') d'
X
HP

34) A hexagonal lamina of sides 30mm is resting on HP with one of its corners in VP and its
surface inclined at an angle of 300 with VP. The diagonal passing through that corner
which is in VP is inclined at 450 to HP. Draw the projection of the lamina.

f' e' f' e'

d' d'
a' a'

b' c' b' c'

f(b) e(c)

=
 Engineering Visualization

35) A hexagonal lamina of sides 30mm is resting on HP with one of its corners in VP and its
surface inclined at an angle of 300 with VP. The diagonal passing through that corner
which is in VP appears to be inclined at 450 to HP. Draw the projection of the lamina.

f' e' f' e'

d' d'
a' a'

VP b' c' b' c'

X
HP a f(b) a
e(c) d
f b
c
e
d

36) A hexagonal lamina of sides 25mm rests on one of its sides on HP. The lamina makes 450
to HP and the side on which it rests makes 300 to VP. Draw its projections.

d' c'

e'
b'
VP a'(f') b'(e') c'(d') f' a'
X
HP
25
 Engineering Visualization

37) A hexagonal lamina of sides 25mm rests on one of its corner on HP. The lamina makes
450 to HP and the diagonal passing through the corner on which it rests is inclined at 300
to VP. Draw its projections.

d'
c'
e'

b' f'
VP a' b'(f') c'(e') d' a'
X
HP
f e f e

a a d
d

b c b c

38) A hexagonal lamina of sides 25mm rests on one of its corner on HP. The lamina makes
450 to HP and the diagonal passing through the corner on which it rests appears to be
inclined at 300 to VP. Draw its projections.

d'
e'
c'

f'
VP a' b'(f') c'(e') d' a' b'
X
HP
 Engineering Visualization

39) A hexagonal lamina of sides 25mm rests on one of its sides on VP. The lamina makes 450
to VP and the side on which it rests makes 450 to HP. Draw its projections.

e' e'
25 f' d' f' d'

a' a' c'

c'
b' b'
VP
X
HP f(a) e(b) d(c)

40) A hexagonal lamina of sides 25mm rests on one of its sides on VP. The side opposite to
the side on which it rests is 30mm in front of VP and the side on which it rests makes 450
to HP. Draw its projections. Also determine the inclination of the lamina with the
reference plane.

e' e'
f' d' f' d'
25

a' a' c'

c'
b' b'
VP
X
HP f(a) e(b) d(c) f(a) f a
30

b
e(b) e

d(c) d c
 Engineering Visualization

41) A hexagonal lamina of sides 25mm rests on one of its corners on HP. The corner opposite
to the corner on which it rests is 35mm above HP and the diagonal passing through the
corner on which it rests is inclined at 300 to VP. Draw its projection. Find the inclination
of the surface with HP.

35
VP
X
HP

=

42) Draw the projections of circular plate of negligible thickness of 50mm diameter resting
on HP on a point A on the circumference, with its plane inclined at 450 to HP and the top
view of the diameter passing through the resting point makes 600 with VP.

e'
f' d'
g'
c'
VP a' b'(h') c'(g') d'(f') e' h' a' b'
X
HP
g g
f h f
h
O 50

a e a e

b b d
d
c
c
 Engineering Visualization

43) A circular lamina of 50mm diameter is standing with one of its points on the rim on HP
and the lamina inclined at 450 to HP. The diameter at right angles to the diameter which
is passing through the point on which the lamina rests is parallel to VP. Draw its
projections.

e'
f'

c'
g'
VP a' b'(h') c'(g') d'(f') e' b' a' h'
X
HP
c g
O 50

44) A circular lamina of 50mm diameter rests on HP such that one of its diameters is inclined
at 300 to VP and 450 to HP. Draw its top and front views in this position.

e'
d' f'
c'
g'
VP a' b'(h') c'(g') d'(f') e' b'
a' h'
X
HP
g g
f h f
h
O 50

a e a e

b b d
d
c
c
=
 Engineering Visualization

45) A circular lamina inclined to the VP appears in the front view as an ellipse of major axis
30mm and minor axis 15mm. the major axis is parallel to both HP and VP. One end of
the minor axis is in both the HP and VP. Draw the projections of the lamina and
determine the inclination of the lamina with the VP.

d'
d'

c'
a' c' a' c'
VP d' b'
b' a'
X
HP d(b)

d(b) b
 Engineering Visualization

46) A circular lamina of 30mm diameter rests on VP such that one of its diameter is inclined
at 300 to VP and 450 to HP. Draw its top and front views in this position.

d' d'

a' a'
c' c'

b' b'
VP
X Y
HP a d(b)
Engineering Visualization
 CHAPTER-2
PROJECTIONS OF SOLIDS

SOLUTIONS

DIFFERNCES CAN OBSERVE IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLID PROBLEMS IN REFFERANCE TO

SOLUTION BOOK

PRISM PYRAMID
TYPES OF
PROBLEMS 2ND POSITION 3RD POSITION 2ND POSITION 3RD POSITION
TOP VIEW FRONT VIEW TOP VIEW FRONT VIEW
TOP FACE
CORNER OR VISIBLE (RIGHT BOTTOM FACE
EDGE RESTING SIDE) VISIBLE BASE HIDDEN
BASE VISIBLE
WITH HP & VP BOTTOM FACE TOP FACE (LEFT SIDE)
INCLINATION HIDDEN (LEFT HIDDEN
SIDE)
TOP FACE
SUSPENDED TOP FACE
VISIBLE (LEFT
PROBLEMS VISIBLE
SIDE) BASE VISIBLE
(TAKE CORNER BOTTOM FACE BASE HIDDEN
BOTTOM FACE (RIGHT SIDE)
IN RIGHT SIDE HIDDEN
HIDDEN (RIGHT
IN 1ST POSITION)
SIDE)
BASE
SLANT EDGE OR
- - VISIBLE(RIGHT BASE VISIBLE
SLANT FACE
OR LEFT SIDE)
 TO FIND GIVEN PROBLEM IS β OR α PROBLEM OR NOT

REFERNCE FOR 3RD POSITION

INCLINATION
DIRECT APPEARCE TO BE
INCLINATION INCLINED
FIRST POSITION SECOND POSITION

NOT β OR α NOT β OR α
TRUE LENGTH TRUE LENGTH
PROBLEMS PROBLEMS

β OR α NOT β OR α
TRUE LENGTH APPARENT LENGTH
PROBLEMS PROBLEMS
 1) A square prism 35mm sides of base and 65mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base which is inclined to VP at 300.
Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 450.

1
a'
a'(d') d'
a'(d') o' b'(c')
o' o'
b'(c') c' b'

a1'(d1') d1'
60

a1'
o1'

VP a1'(d1') b1'(c1') o1'

b1'(c1') c1'

45°
o1' b1'
X Y
HP c

d(d1) c(c1) d
d1 (c1) c
d o b

30°
(c1)
q 35

o(o1) (o1) o a

a(a1) b(b1) a1 (b1) a b d1 (o1) (b1)

a1
2) A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such that the two base
edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of
the prism is inclined to HP at 400 and to VP at 300.

b = 41
c'
3 c'

c' o' b'(d') a' b'(d') d' b'

o' o'

c1' a' c1'

a'
60

o1' d1' b1'

b1'(d1') o1'
VPc1' a1' 40° a1 ' a1'
o1' b1'(d1')
Y
HP

41°
30°
d(d1) d1
d d
a

c(c1) c1 c
o(o1) o a
a(a1) o1 (a1) d1 c
q b
35 (a1)
b(b1) o1
b1 b
c1
45,96
b1
 3) A pentagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one its edges of the base. Draw the projections of
the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 400 and VP at 300.

6 a'
a'
a' b'(e') o' c'(d')
b'(e') e' b'
o'
o'
c'(d') d'
c'
a1' a1'
60

b1'
e1'
b1'(e1')
o1' o1'
VP a1' b1'(e1') o1'
c1'(d1')
c1'(d1') d1' c1'

40°
X Y
HP

30°
41°
d
e1' e
e(e1) e
d(d1) (d1)
d o
) c
(d
1
a(a1) a
o(o1) a1 (o1)
a o e1' b
(c1) c )
25

)
c(c1) (o
1
(c1
b1 b
b(b1)
a1
45,96 b1
 4) A pentagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one its corners of the base such that the two base
edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal inclination with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of
the prism is inclined to HP at 400 and appears to be inclined to VP at 450.

7
c'(d') d' c'
c'(d') o' b'(e') a'
o' o'
e' b'
b'(e')

c1'
a' a'

(d
d 1' c1'

1')
60

o1
o1' b1'

'
b1
e1'
VP c1'(d1') a1'

'(e
40°
o1' b1'(e1') a1'

1')
X Y

1 a
HP

'

45°
e
a
e(e1) e1 e d o
d(d1) d
d1
e1 b
a c
25

o(o1) o1 a1 o a1
a(a1)
c d1 o1
c(c1) c1
b
b(b1) b1 b1
c1
5) A hexagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base. Draw the projections of
the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 450 and VP at 300.

b = 41
10 c'(
d') d' c'
b'(
c'(d') b'(e') o' a'(f') e') e' o' b'
o'
c1 a'(
'(d f')
1' f' a'
)
d1' c1'
50

o1
'b
1 '(e o1' b1'
1') e1'
VPc1'(d1') o1' b1'(e1') a1'(f1') a1'(f1') f1'
45°
a1'
Y
HP

45°

30°
e1 e e f
e(e1)
d(d1) f(f1) d1
f a
f1 d o
d
o e1
25

o(o1) o1 f1
a1 c c b
c1 a
a(a1) a1
c(c1) o1
d1
b(b1) b1 b

c1 b1
35,36
 6) A hexagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such that the two base
edges containing the corner on which it rests makes equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when axis of the
prism is inclined to HP at 400 and to VP at 300.

b = 41
12 a'

a'
f' b'

b'(
f')
a' b'(f') o' c'(e') d' o'

o'
e' c'

c'(
a1'
a1'

e')
d'

b1

d'
'(f
f1' b1'

1')
50

o1'

o1
'c
1'(
VP b1'(f1') o1' c1'(e1') d1' d1' c1'

e1'
40°
a1' e1'

)
d1
X Y

'
HP

30°
e

41°
f(f1) e(e1) f1 e1 f e f
d
d(d1) e1 o
a(a1) a
o(o1) a1 o1 d1 a o d f1 c
d 1

o1 b
25

b(b1) c(c1) b1 c1 b c
a1 c1
b1
38,3
7) A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 65mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base which is inclined to VP at
300. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at 450.

16
o'
o' o'
65

b'(c') c' d'

(o1') o1'
VP b'(c') (o1') a'(d') a'(d') b' a'

45°
X Y
HP
o
c

30°
c d d
d
q 35

(o1) o
o(o1)
c (o1) a
b a b a

b
8) A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such that the two base
edges containing the corner on which it rests makes equal inclination with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis
of the pyramid is inclined to HP at 400 and to VP at 300.

b = 41
18
o'
o'

o'
a' a'
60

(o1') b'
d'
b'(d') o1'
VP b'(d') (o1') c'

40°
a' c' c'
X Y
HP

30°
41°
d d
o
d

(c)
a o
c a (o1) (c)
o(o1) (o1)
q a
35
b
b
b
45,96
9) A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base which is inclined to
VP at 300. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at 400.

20
o'
o'

o'
a'
a'
60

b'(e') b'
e'
o1' o1'
VP b'(e') c'(d') c'(d') c'

40°
a' o1' d'
X Y
HP

e e o

30°
d
(d)
a a o
o(o1) (o1) (d)
(c) e
(c)
25

c (o1)
b b
a b
 10) A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such that the two
base edges containing the corner on which it rests makes equal inclination with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the
axis of the pyramid is inclined to HP at 400 and to VP at 300.

b = 41

23
o' o'

o'
c'(d') d' c'
50

o1' o1'
b'(e') b'
VP c'(d') e' a'

40°
o1' b'(e') a' a'
X Y
HP

30°
41°
e e
d e o
d

a o d (a)
25

o(o1) (o1) (a) (o1)

c b
c
b b c
11) A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base. Draw the projections
of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at 450 and VP at 300.

b = 45
25
o' o' o'

c'(d') d' c'

50

b'
e' o1'
b'(e') o1'
VP

45°
c'(d') b'(e') o1' a'(f') a'(f') f' a'
X
HP

30°
45°
e e
d f d (f) (f)
e o
25

(o1) o (a)
o(o1)
a c d (o1)
c (a)

b b c b
35,36
12) A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such that the two
base edges containing the corner on which it rests makes equal inclination with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the
axis of the pyramid is inclined to HP at 400 and appears to be inclined to VP at 450.

26
o' o' o'
d'
d'
e'
c'(e') c'
50

o1' o1'
b'(f') b'
VP o1' b'(f') a'a' f' a'

40°
d' c'(e') a'
X Y
HP

45°
f e f
e

f o
d o
o(o1) a d (o1) (a) e (a)

(o1)
c b c b b
d
25
c
13) A tetrahedron of 55mm sides rests on one of its corners such that an edge containing that corner is inclined to HP at 500 and VP at
300. Draw its projections.

44
b = 51
o' a'
a'(c') c'
o'
o'

(o1') o1'

55
VP

50°
a'(c') (o1') b' b' b'
HP

30°
51°
c c
o

c (b)
55

o(o1) (o1) (b) o

b (o1)

a
a a 35,35
14) A cone of base dia. 40mm and axis length 50mm is resting on HP on a point on the circumference on its base such that its apex is at
40mm above the HP and its top view of the axis in inclined at 600 to VP. Draw the top and front views of the solid. Also, determine
the inclination of the axis when the base is nearer to the observer.

50
o'

o' o'
a'
a'
h' b'
b'(h')
50

p'
c'(g')(p') g' c'
f'
d'
VP a' b'(h') c'(g')(p')d'(f') e'
d'(f')
e' e'
X Y
HP

60°
g g
h f h

o
f

a
e a e o
o(p) (p)
O 4
0 g
d f e
b b
d
c c
h (p) d
a c
 CHAPTER- 3
ISOMRTRIC PROJECTION
1. Three cubes of sides 60mm, 40mm and 20mm are placed centrally one above the other in the
ascending order of their side. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

30°

30°

2) The rectangular slabs (lxbxh) 100mmx60mmx20mm and 100mmx40mmx20mm

100mmx20mmx20mm are placed one above the other in the ascending order of their width- b,
such that their longer axes are co-planar. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
30°
30°
3) A triangular prism base side 30mm and length 70mm is resting on its rectangular face on top of a
square slab side 70mm and 25mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the combination

25,98 30

30°

30°

4) A sphere diameter 60mm is placed centrally on the top face of a square prism side 60mm and
height 70mm. draw the isometric projection of the combination.
30°

30°
5) A rectangular slab base 100mmx80mm and height 30mm has a full dept co-axial square hole side
40mm such that one of the sides of the square is parallel to one of the sides of the rectangle. Draw
the isometric projection of the combination.

30°

30°

6) A rectangular pyramid of base 40mmX25mm and height 50mm is placed centrally on a

rectangular slab sides 100mmX60mm and thickness 20mm. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination.
30°

30°
7) A hemisphere of 40mm diameter is supported coaxially on vertex of a cone of base dia 60mm and
axis length 50mm. the flat circular face of the hemisphere is facing upside. Draw the isometric
projection of the combination of solids.

30°

30°

8) A cone of base diameter 30mm and height 40mm rests centrally over a cube of sides 50mm.
Draw the isometric projection of the combination of solids.
30°

30°
9) Draw the isometric projection of a rectangular prism of 60 X 80 X 20mm thick surmounting
tetrahedron of sides 45mm such that the axis of the solids are collinear and at least one of the
edges both the solids are parallel to VP.

45
36,74
45
30°

30°

12,99 25,98

38,97

10) A cone of base diameter 50mm and height 40mm is placed centrally on the top face of a square
slab side 80mm and height 20mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
30°
30°
11) The frustum of a square pyramid of sides 40mm and height 60mm rest on the center of the top of
a square block of side 60mm and height 20mm the base edges of the pyramid are parallel to the
top edges of the square block. Draw the isometric projection of the combination of the solids.

30°
30°

12) A hemisphere of diameter 50mm is centrally resting on top of a square prism of base side 60mm
and height 30mm such that the curved surface of hemisphere is touching the top face of the prism.
Draw its isometric projections.
30°
30°
13) A frustum of cone base diameter 50mm, top diameter 25mm and height 50mm is placed centrally
on a square slab side 80mm and thickness 30mm. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination.

30°
30°

14) A cone of base diameter 50mm and height 60mm is placed centrally on an equilateral triangular
prism of side 100mm and 20mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
30°

30°
15) A rectangular pyramid of base 40mmx25mm and height 50mm is placed centrally on a cylindrical
slab of diameter 100mm and thickness 30mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

30°
30°

16) A square prism base side 40mm, height 50mm is placed centrally on cylindrical slab of diameter
100mm and thickness 30mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
30°
30°
17) A frustum of cone base diameter 50mm , top diameter 25mm and height 50mm is placed centrally
cylindrical slab of diameter 100mm and thickness 30mm. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination.

18) A sphere diameter 40mm is placed centrally on the flat face of a hemisphere diameter 60mm.
Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
19) A hemisphere diameter 50mm is resting on its curved surface centrally on the top face of frustum
of a rectangular pyramid base 80mmx60mm and top 60mmx40mm, height 55mm. Draw the
isometric projection of the combination.

30°
30°

20) A frustum of a square pyramid base side 40mm, top face side 20mm and height 40mm is placed
centrally on frustum of a cone base diameter 80mm, top diameter 60mm and height 20mm. Draw
the isometric projection of the combination.
 21) Following figure(III), shows the front and side views of solid. Draw the isometric projection of
the solid.

15

60

25

10
15

15

60 45

Fig : (III)

Fig : (V)

22) Following figure (VI), shows the front and side views of solid. Draw the isometric projection of
the solid.

30
70

40
70

35
35

Fig : (VI)
 23) A pentagonal pyramid base side 25mm and height 65mm is placed centrally on a rectangular slab
100mmx60mm and 20mm thick. . Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

23,78
3

40, 45
25
7,73

1 2

38,47

30°
30°

24) A cone base diameter 45mm and height 65mm is placed centrally on the top face of a pentagonal
prism side 45mm and height 35mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

3
4
72,81
45
13,91

1 42,8 2
30°
30°
 25) A regular pentagonal prism of base edge 30mm and axis 60mm is mounted centrally over a
cylindrical block of 80mm diameter and 25mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the
combined solids.

30°
30°

26) Draw isometric projection of hexagonal prism of side of base 40mm and height 60mm with a
right circular cone of base 40mm as diameter and altitude 50mm, resting on its top such that the
axes of both the solids are collinear.

80

20 40
4 e
f
3
69,28

a d

2
1 b c
30°

30°
27) A sphere diameter 60mm is placed centrally on the top face of a hexagonal prism side 35mm and
height 50mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

30°
30°

28) A cube of side 40mm is resting centrally on hexagonal prism base side 40mm and height 50mm
such that one of the base sides of the cube is parallel to one of the sides of the top face of the
prism. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
30°

30°
 DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL SURFACES

Draw the development of the tray whose top view and front view are shown in figure.
A pentagonal pyramid of base sides 35 mm and axis length 65 mm is resting on HP on its base with a side of
base is perpendicular to VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to VP and parallel to HP and meets the axis at
a distance 30 mm from the vertex. Draw the development of the frustum of the pyramid.
 Subject Code-
Model Question Paper-I/II with effect from 2021 (CBCS Scheme)
USN

First/Second Semester BE Degree Examination

Engineering Visualization 21EVL15/25
TIME: 03 Hours Max. Marks: 100

Note: 01. Answer all FOUR full questions

02. Grid sheets may be provided for making preparatory sketches
Module -1 Marks
Q.01 The end projectors of line PQ are 80 mm apart. The end P is 15 mm in front of VP and 20
60 mm above HP. While Q is 50 mm in front of VP and 10 mm above the HP. A point R
is situated on the projector at a distance of 31 mm from the projector through P
measured towards the projector of Q. The point R is 70 mm in front of the VP and
above the HP. A perpendicular is drawn from R on PQ. Draw its projections.
Module-2
Q.02 A square pyramid of 50 mm side of base and 50 mm length of axis is resting on one of 30
its triangular faces on the HP having a slant edge containing that face parallel to the
VP. Draw the projections of the pyramid.
Module-3
Q. 03 Right regular cone, of base 40 mm diameter & 60 mm height, is placed coaxially on 25
top of regular Hexagonal prism of base side 30 mm and length of axis 30 mm. Draw
the isometric projection of the combination.
Module-4
Q.04 A vertical chimney of circular section of 400 mm diameter joins a roof sloping at 35° 25
to the horizontal. The shortest portion of the chimney over the roof is 300 mm.
Determine the shape of the sheet metal from which the chimney can be made. Use
1:10 scale.

Page 01 of 03
 Subject Code-
Model Question Paper-I/II with effect from 2021 (CBCS Scheme)
USN

First/Second Semester BE Degree Examination

Engineering Visualization 21EVL15/25
TIME: 03 Hours Max. Marks: 100

Note: 01. Answer all FOUR full questions

02. Grid sheets may be provided for making preparatory sketches
Module -1 Marks
Q.01 (a) A point 20 mm above XY- line is the front view of two points E and F. The top view of 08
E is 35 mm behind VP, and the top view of F is 40 mm in-front of VP. Draw the
projections of two points and state their positions with reference planes and the
quadrants in which they lie.
(b) The end A of a line AB is in HP and 25 mm in-front of VP. The end B is in VP and 50 12
mm above HP. The distance between the end projectors when measured parallel to
the line of intersection of HP and VP is 65 mm. Draw the projections of the line AB
and determine its true length and true inclinations with HP & VP.
Module-2
Q.02 A pentagonal prism of 30 mm side of base and height 70 mm rests with a corner of 30
the base on HP such that an edge of the base containing the corner on which the
prism rests is inclined at 40° to HP, the axis of the prism is inclined at 30° to HP and
45° to VP. Draw the top and front views of the prism.
Module-3
Q. 03 Using first angle projection, draw front view looking in the direction of X, top view 25
and right side view of the machine component as shown in Figure Q3.1
Module-4
Q.04 Draw the development of the tray whose top-view and front-view are as shown in 25
Figure Q4.1

Figure Q3.1
Figure Q4.1

Page 01 of 03