Rationale

"Artificial intelligence is not a substitute for human intelligence; it is a tool to

amplify human creativity and ingenuity." – Fei-Fei Li. Nowadays, various technologies

exist everywhere. As we live in the digital age, more and more technologies are being

created and marketed to the public. Technology is defined as the use of knowledge to

invent new devices or tools. With the use of these tools, the lives of people becomes

easier. The constant strive of people for convenience led them to these discoveries and

inventions, and it continues to develop day by day. Today, Artificial Intelligence is

considered as, if not the best, one of the greatest human invention to ever exist.

Aruna Pattam (2021) defined Artificial intelligence as "the science of making

machines that can think like humans. It can do things that are considered smart". The

thing that makes Artificial Intelligence one of the greatest human invention to ever exist

is that it has the ability to perform tasks that were only possible for humans to do. Out of

all the different types of Artificial Intelligence, the most commonly used are language

models. Language models are a specific types of Artificial Intelligence focused on

understanding and generating human language. In education, the existence of these

Artificial Intelligence language models made the lives of students in the present time

relatively easier, compared before.

Microsoft Bing Chat, Google Gemini, and ChatGPT are some examples of AI

language models commonly used by students. These chat bots has the ability to generate

human-like responses based on prompts given. Artificial intelligence language models

like ChatGPT helps students by providing solutions to problems, answers to questions,

and assistance with tasks. These AI language models can also be described as tools that
has the ability to perform human tasks, may it be generating ideas, solving mathematical

problems, writing essays, and many more, in a short period of time. Given the

convenience brought by artificial intelligence to answer almost any question instantly, do

students still use it responsibly?

While AI language models have many positive effect on the learning experiences

of the students, they also raise concerns about some potential threats, specifically, on how

they might affect the study habits of students. For instance, the convenience and ease of

use brought by these tools may lead to misuse. AI language models that offer quick

answers might encourage students to rely on shortcuts rather than deeply engaging with

the learning material. Having this freedom to obtain instant answers to questions or

perform tasks will little to no effort may lead to a decrease in motivation to think

critically or gain knowledge independently. This behavior results to superficial

understanding of subjects, leading to long-term gaps in knowledge.

Similar studies have found that the use of Artificial Intelligence language models

led to the development of poor study habits among students. AI in education leads to the

creation of laziness in humans. AI performs repetitive tasks in an automated manner and

does not let humans memorize, use analytical mind skills, or use cognition (Nikita, 2023).

The excessive use of ChatGPT can develop procrastination, cause memory loss, and

dampen academic performance of the students (Abbas, M., Jam, F.A. & Khan, T.I., 2024).

In addition, a research study titled "The Impact of ChatGPT on Student Learning

Behavior: An Experimental Research Study" reveals that a significant portion of

participants (30%) acknowledged relying heavily on ChatGPT for academic questions,

indicating a potential over reliance issue (2023). Without intervention, education students
of PHINMA-University of Pangasinan may also become overly reliant on AI to do the

thinking for them, which could diminish their ability to perform well in environments

where AI assistance is not available, worse, it could affect their personal and professional

growth. It is to take note that College of Education and Liberal Arts department's mission

includes producing qualified and competent individuals needed by global industries.

The aim of this study is to determine the correlation of using artificial intelligence

language models and the study habits of the students. Specifically, how the misuse of AI

language models may lead to development of poor study habits such as over-reliance,

laziness, and loss of motivation among education students of PHINMA-University of

Pangasinan. Understanding the relationship of these two variables is crucial, as it will

inform the school admins, educators, and students themselves about the potential long-

term effects of artificial intelligence language models in the academe, giving the idea that

language models should only serve as a tool for learning, rather than a shortcut.
Conceptual Framework

IV DV

 Use of Artificial  Students’ Study

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

This study utilizes the Independent Variable (IV) and Dependent Variable (DV)

Model. The IV consists of the use of artificial intelligence. This acts as a potential

predictor of the outcome under DV.

The DV consists of the students’ study habits specifically, the development of

poor study habits such as laziness, over reliance, and reduced efforts. This outcome

variable is dependent on how students use artificial intelligence language models. A

possible relationship of the IV and DV are explored.

The main purpose of this study is to determine the correlation of using artificial

intelligence and study habits of education students of PHINMA-University of Pangasinan.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

1. What are the students’ profile in terms of:

A. Age

B. Year Level

2. Does the frequent use of AI language models result in the development of poor study

habits such as laziness, over-reliance, and decreased efforts among the education students

of PHINMA-University of Pangasinan?

3. Do education students perceive AI language models as a tool to guide them on their

learning, or just a shortcut that answers their tasks for them?

4. What recommendations may be given to address the issue of developing these poor

study habits?

Hypothesis

H.0. There is no significant relationship between the use of AI language models and the

development of poor study habits among the education students of PHINMA-University

of Pangasinan.

H.1. The use of AI language models leads to the development of poor study habits among

the education students of PHINMA-University of Pangasinan.

The main focus of this study is to determine the correlation of using artificial

intelligence language modes and the study habits of PHINMA-University if Pangasinan

education students. The research will explore how students' frequent use of AI tools, such

as ChatGPT, may lead to the development of poor study habits such as laziness, over

reliance, and decreased efforts. This study will be conducted in PHINMA-University of

Pangasinan dagupan campus. As for data collection, responses will be collected from

randomly selected education students enrolled at PHINMA-University of Pangasinan in

the academic year 2024-2025.

This study is limited to the college students enrolled in education courses at

PHINMA-University of Pangasinan Dagupan campus. As the purpose of this study is to

determine the whether using artificial intelligence language models leads to the

development of poor study habits of the students, it will solely focus on AI language

models and will not consider other forms of artificial intelligence. In addition, the

research will not explore external factors such as parental involvement, socio-economic

status, and access to other educational resources, which might also influence students'

study habits. Moreover, this study will solely focus on the effects of AI to the study

habits of the students and will exclude its effect to their academic performance. Lastly,

this study is limited to the academic year 2024-2025, and any long-term effects of AI use

on study habits beyond this period will not be addressed.

This study aims to provide valuable information on how the use artificial

intelligence language models may lead to the development of poor study habit of the

students.

For the students, the findings will explain how the misuse of AI tools can lead to

the development of poor study habits, such as laziness, loss of motivation, and over-

reliance on instant solutions. Understanding these risks will inform students to use AI

more responsibly, ensuring that it enhances their academic growth, rather than limiting it.

For the teachers, this study provides insights on how AI tools are being used by

students and the potential challenges these technologies pose to the teaching and learning

practices. With this knowledge, teachers can develop strategies and incorporate digital

literacy into their curriculum, guiding students on how to effectively use AI into their

study routines while maintaining strong, independent learning habits.

For the school admins, the study’s findings can inform the development of

guidelines, workshops, and resources that encourage students to use AI in ways that

supports their learning. This highlights the need for institutional policies and programs

that promote the responsible use of AI in education so that it contributes positively to the

overall learning experience of its students.

For the future researchers, this study provides a foundational exploration into the

relationship between AI usage and the development of poor study habits among students.

It opens up new topics for research by highlighting the complexities and potential

drawbacks of integrating AI into educational practices. The findings of this study can
serve as a basis for further investigation into the long-term effects of AI on student study

habits.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were used by the researcher throughout the the research. To

facilitate the understanding of this study, different terms are defined herein.

Artificial Intelligence. Refers to the capacity of machines or computer systems to

perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. (Russel, S., & Norvig, P., 2021)

Correlation. A statistical measure that expresses the extent to which two

variables are linearly related. It quantifies the degree to which a change in one variable is

associated with a change in another. (Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S.,

2013)

Language Models. Type of artificial intelligence designed to understands,

generate, and manipulate human language. Language models are foundational to

technologies like chat bots, virtual assistants, and machine translation systems. (Vaswani,

A. et al., 2017)

Over Reliance. Refers to a pattern where students excessively depend on

artificial intelligence tools to complete academic tasks, often at the expense of developing

critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and independent learning strategies. (Carr, N.,

2020)

Study Habit. Refers to the consistent practices and routines that students adopt

when preparing for academic tasks such as exams, assignments, and daily learning.

(Crede, M., & Kuncel, N. R., 2008)

College of Education and Liberal Arts

Education Department

Arellano Street, Dagupan City

The Correlation of Using Artificial Intelligence and Students’ Study Habits

A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of PHINMA-University ofPangasinan,

College of Education and Liberal Arts

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

EDU 603: Research in Science Education

By:

Ian Jim O. Escober