BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE Allowable unit stress in MPa of cross-sectional area of square or rectangular simple solid
BEST 115 – STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN columns.
1st Semester, S.Y 2025 – 2026
1. Short Column:
CHAPTER 3 When
𝐿𝑒
= 11 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF TIMBER COLUMN 𝑑
𝐹𝑐 ′ = 𝐹𝑐
3.1 WOODEN COLUMNS
2. Intermediate Columns:
3.1.1 Buckling Factors Ke: When
𝐿𝑒
> 11 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝐾
𝑑

𝐸
𝐾 = 0.671√
𝐹𝑐
4
1 𝐿𝑒⁄𝑑
𝐹𝑐 ′ = 𝐹𝑐 [1 − ( ) ]
3 𝐾

3. Long Column:
𝐿𝑒
When >𝐾
𝑑
0.30𝐸
𝐹𝑐 ′ =
(𝐿𝑒⁄𝑑)2

Where:
𝑑 = 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
𝐹𝑐 = 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝐸 = 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑

3.1.3. For machine stress-unit lumber

1. Short Column:
𝐿𝑒
When < 11
𝑑
′
𝐹𝑐 = 𝐹𝑐

2. Intermediate Columns:
3.1.2. Effective column length 𝐿𝑒
When > 11 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝐾
𝑑
𝑳𝒆 = 𝑲𝒆 𝑳
Where: 𝐸
𝐾 = 0.792√
𝐿𝑒 = 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝐹𝑐
𝐾𝑒 = 𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑘𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝐿 = 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛

PREPARED BY:
ENGR. MELANIE ROSE P. BAUTISTA
 BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
3. Long Column:
𝐿𝑒
When >𝐾
𝑑
0.418𝐸
𝐹𝑐 ′ =
(𝐿𝑒⁄𝑑)2

Table of Timber with their corresponding working stresses

Example Problem:

1. A timber column of square cross section has a length of 3 m. and a dimension of 140
mm x 140 mm. It is hinged at the ends so that K=1.0. The relevant code on the
compressive strength Fc I given on the specifications and also a table of timber with
their corresponding working stresses for visually stress-graded unseasoned Apitong
with 80% stress grade.
a. Determine the classification of the column.
b. Which of the following gives the allowable compressive stress.
c. Which of the following gives the allowable axial load.

PREPARED BY:
ENGR. MELANIE ROSE P. BAUTISTA
 BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
𝜋𝐷2
𝑑2 =
4

Where:
𝐷 = 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
𝑑 = 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

1. Short Column:
𝐿𝑒
When < 11
𝑑
′
𝐹𝑐 = 𝐹𝑐
2. A timber column of square cross section has a length of 3.6 m. and a dimension of 150
mm x 150 mm. It is fixed at both ends. The relevant code on the compressive strength 2. Intermediate Columns:
Fc is given on the specifications and also a table of timber with their corresponding 𝐿𝑒
When > 11 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝐾
working stresses for visually stress-graded unseasoned Apitong with 80% stress grade. 𝑑

a. Determine the classification of the column. 𝐸

b. Which of the following gives the allowable compressive stress. 𝐾 = 0.792√
𝐹𝑐
c. Which of the following gives the allowable axial load. 4
1 𝐿𝑒⁄𝑑
𝐹𝑐 ′ = 𝐹𝑐 [1 − ( ) ]
3. A timber column 7.0 m. long and is laterally supported. It carries an axial load of 260 3 𝐾
kN. If the allowable compressive stress parallel to the grain is 10.34 MPa and modulus
of elasticity of wood is 13800 MPa. 3. Long Column:
𝐿𝑒
a. Compute the maximum limit of the slenderness ratio which would indicate its limit When >𝐾
𝑑
between a long column and an intermediate column. 0.418𝐸
b. What size of column should be used? 𝐹𝑐 ′ =
(𝐿𝑒⁄𝑑)2
c. What is the difference between the capacity of the selected section to the required
load? Example Problem:

4. An old Apitong post 200 mm x 300 mm x 4.25 m. long has been previously designed 5. A tapered column has an unsupported height of 3.6 m. with a buckling factor Ke=1.0.
with an allowable compressive stress of 9.56 MPa. And a modulus of elasticity of 7310 It has an upper diameter of 250 mm and 400 mm at the bottom. Allowable compressive
MPa. It is designed to substitute the old post with a Yakal post of the same length as stress parallel to the grain is 2.4 MPa and modulus of elasticity of 11000 MPa.
the old post. Allowable compressive stress for Yakal is 15.8 MPa with a modulus of a. Which of the following gives the slenderness ratio of the tapered column.
elasticity of 9780 MPa. b. Which of the following gives the allowable compressive stress.
a. What is the capacity of Apitong? c. Which of the following gives the safe axial capacity of the column.
b. What size of Yakal post is required to replace Apitong?
c. What is the percentage increase in the capacity of the new post to the old post?

3.2 TAPERED COLUMNS

(𝑫𝟐 − 𝑫𝟏 )
𝑫 = 𝑫𝟏 +
𝟑

PREPARED BY:
ENGR. MELANIE ROSE P. BAUTISTA