🧬 Biotechnology: Principles and Processes – MCQ Question Paper (35 Questions)
1. Which of the following is not a tool of recombinant DNA technology?
A. Restriction enzymes
B. Ligases
C. Polymerases
D. Ribosomes
2. The term “restriction enzyme” refers to enzymes that:
A. Restrict gene expression
B. Cut DNA at specific sites
C. Join DNA fragments
D. Amplify DNA sequences
3. The first restriction enzyme discovered was:
A. EcoRI
B. HindII
C. BamHI
D. TaqI
4. Restriction enzymes recognize and cut:
A. Random sequences
B. Palindromic sequences
C. Repetitive sequences
D. Promoter sequences
5. DNA ligase is used to:
A. Cut DNA
B. Join DNA fragments
C. Amplify DNA
D. Degrade DNA
6. In genetic engineering, the vehicle or carrier DNA is called:
A. Vector
B. Plasmid
C. Host
D. Donor DNA
7. Which of the following is a commonly used cloning vector in E. coli?
A. Ti plasmid
B. pBR322
C. λ phage
D. Cosmids
8. The enzyme used in PCR to withstand high temperature is:
A. DNA ligase
B. Taq polymerase
C. DNA polymerase I
D. Reverse transcriptase
9. Which step of PCR involves the separation of DNA strands?
A. Denaturation
B. Annealing
C. Extension
D. Ligation
10. Which of the following sequences can be a palindromic sequence?
A. GAATTC
B. AGCTTA
C. GCGTGC
D. AGGCAT
11. The process of introducing recombinant DNA into host cells is called:
A. Transformation
B. Transcription
C. Translation
D. Transduction
12. Plasmids are best described as:
A. Linear DNA
B. Circular, double-stranded DNA molecules
C. RNA molecules
D. Proteins
13. A selectable marker helps in:
A. Cutting DNA
B. Identifying transformed cells
C. Amplifying DNA
D. Storing DNA
14. Which of the following can be used as a selectable marker?
A. Antibiotic resistance gene
B. Promoter
C. Operator
D. Origin of replication
15. The “origin of replication” (ori) site in plasmids is required for:
A. Initiation of transcription
B. Initiation of replication
C. Termination of translation
D. Ligase binding
16. The enzyme reverse transcriptase synthesizes:
A. RNA from DNA
B. DNA from RNA template
C. Protein from RNA
D. RNA from RNA
17. Ti plasmid is used in plant genetic engineering because it:
A. Causes cancer in humans
B. Transfers genes into plants
C. Produces antibiotics
D. Cuts plant DNA
18. Which of the following is not a step in recombinant DNA technology?
A. Isolation of DNA
B. Cutting of DNA
C. Protein translation
D. Joining DNA fragments
19. The small fragments produced by restriction enzymes are called:
A. Vectors
B. Recombinants
C. DNA fragments
D. Insert DNA
20. Which of these is NOT a host organism commonly used in biotechnology?
A. E. coli
B. Yeast
C. Tobacco
D. Human embryo
21. The function of CaCl₂ in bacterial transformation is to:
A. Digest DNA
B. Make cell membrane permeable
C. Cut plasmid
D. Join DNA fragments
22. Which of the following is a cloning vector used for plants?
A. pBR322
B. Ti plasmid
C. λ phage
D. F plasmid
23. The first recombinant DNA molecule was created by:
A. Cohen and Boyer
B. Watson and Crick
C. Berg and Mullis
D. Paul Berg
24. Which of the following methods is used to introduce DNA into plant cells?
A. Electroporation
B. Microinjection
C. Gene gun
D. All of the above
25. The PCR technique was invented by:
A. Kary Mullis
B. Stanley Cohen
C. Paul Berg
D. James Watson
26. Which of the following enzymes removes RNA primers during DNA replication?
A. DNA polymerase I
B. DNA polymerase III
C. Ligase
D. RNA polymerase
27. A vector having foreign DNA is called:
A. Clone
B. Recombinant vector
C. Host
D. Marker
28. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on:
A. Shape
B. Charge
C. Size
D. Base composition
29. The gel used in DNA electrophoresis is:
A. Agar
B. Agarose
C. Polyacrylamide
D. Gelatin
30. Ethidium bromide in gel electrophoresis helps by:
A. Breaking DNA
B. Staining DNA under UV
C. Cutting DNA
D. Binding RNA
31. Recombinant DNA molecules can be transferred into animal cells by:
A. Microinjection
B. Biolistics
C. Electroporation
D. All of these
32. Which of the following is used for large-scale production of recombinant products?
A. Bioreactors
B. PCR machines
C. Restriction enzymes
D. Plasmids
33. The term "biotechnology" was first coined by:
A. Karl Ereky
B. Louis Pasteur
C. Paul Berg
D. Stanley Cohen
34. The temperature for DNA denaturation in PCR is around:
A. 37°C
B. 55°C
C. 72°C
D. 94°C
35. The expression of recombinant genes in host cells results in:
A. Mutation
B. Protein synthesis
C. DNA replication only
D. Translation inhibition.