Associate Assessment

Geospatial Surveying
August 2017
Associate Assessment Pathway guide

Geospatial Surveying
Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3
Competencies .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3
What is geospatial surveying? ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3
Geospatial surveying competencies 4
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Technical competencies ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5

Mandatory competencies ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................16
Continuing professional development (CPD) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17

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Associate Assessment Pathway guide

Introduction
In order to become an RICS Associate you must demonstrate that you have
knowledge, understanding and practical ability relevant to a surveying role
What is Geospatial Surveying?
– in this case, Geospatial Surveying. This is the science and study of spatially-related information focusing on
This guide explains the competencies for your pathway, with examples the collection, interpretation/analysis and presentation of the natural,
of how you can show you meet the requirements. built, social and economic environments.

Refer to this guide while preparing your submission for assessment. Geomatics is one of the fastest expanding global markets and a truly
worldwide profession. Driven by technology and maintaining its role in
The Associate Assessment Candidate Guide gives further essential
land law and other socio-economic areas, leading chartered surveying
information on how to prepare for the assessment.
firms realise the importance of geomatics, not only to the profession but
to the future success of their businesses. This is particularly true in the
Competencies day-to-day integration of geomatics with traditional forms of real estate
management, land administration and construction.
A competency is the knowledge, skills, abilities and behaviours needed for
The changing nature of mapping and spatial data management worldwide
a particular role or task. RICS competencies equip you to work in your
includes rapid advancements in Information Technology (e.g. GIS, Global
chosen pathway.
Navigation Satellite Systems, ‘ joined up government’ initiatives, digital
The six technical competencies are the pathway-specific ‘hard’ skills cadastres and many more).
needed for your role.
Geomatics is a diverse and complex area of practice and to reflect this,
The eight mandatory competencies are the ‘soft’ business skills there are two pathways: one orientated towards Geospatial Surveying and
demonstrating your ability to work with colleagues, manage workloads one for Hydrographic Surveying.
and act with integrity. All candidates, regardless of their pathway, need
The Geospatial Surveying pathway is primarily aimed at those candidates
these skills.
who do not spend the majority of their employment offshore and/or
engaged in hydrographic surveying. Although chiefly aimed at
those in ‘traditional’ land and engineering survey, this pathway can also be
taken by those in government agencies and those from more specialised
areas of geomatics practice such as measured building surveys and
utilities surveying.
The Hydrographic Surveying pathway is designed for those who work within
a hydrographic/marine survey environment. This could be based offshore or
on land (charting, post processing bathymetry for example).

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Associate Assessment Pathway guide

Geospatial Surveying competencies

You must select any six of the following ten technical competencies: You must complete all eight mandatory competencies:
• building information modelling (BIM) management • client care
• cadastre and land management • communication and negotiation
• engineering surveying • conduct rules, ethics and professional practice
• Geodesy • conflict avoidance, management and dispute resolution procedures
• GIS • data management
• legal/regulatory compliance • health and safety
• mapping • sustainability
• measurement of land and property • teamworking.
• property records/information systems
• remote sensing and photogrammetry.

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Associate Assessment Pathway guide

Technical competencies
Building information modelling (BIM) management

Description This competency encompasses the establishment and management of the information modelling systems on projects. It covers collaborative
process and technological principles involved in implementing Building Information Modelling (BIM).

Requirements Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the technical, process and collaborative aspects of the use of BIM on projects. Develop and apply
management systems to facilitate the use of BIM on projects including unified control and reporting procedures.

Examples of likely skills, knowledge and Knowledge

experience • Understanding appropriate data capture and measurement techniques such as laser scanning
• Understanding of BIM strategies and implementation
• Understanding of the various technical options and solutions for information modelling
• Understanding of the collaborative processes necessary for BIM adoption
• Knowledge of standard classification systems and their use in infrastructure
• Knowledge of relevant internationally recognised management standards such as Construction Operations Building Information Exchange
(COBie)
• Understanding appropriate RICS guidance such as Measured Surveys 3rd edition guidance note 2014
• Understand BIM relevant software such as RIVET
Activities
• Preparing a BIM execution plan with an emphasis on geospatial requirements
• Designing, implementing and future proofing a BIM management process
• Analysing comparative BIM solutions and different data sources

Examples of tasks undertaken • Capturing and delivering appropriate measured survey information (Point Cloud, .DXF, 3D models etc) as necessary to build a specified BIM model
• Maintaining an information model
• Agreeing and implementing contractual aspects of BIM use
• Facilitating and managing project team members for BIM implementation

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Associate Assessment Pathway guide

Cadastre and land management

Description This competency deals with assessing documents relating to the demarcation, registration and transfer of land in order to define, on the ground,
the extent of legal and/or registered title.
It should be noted that non-UK candidates may work within a cadastre and that their potential working environment may be significantly different
from the UK. This competency reflects this diversity within the ‘examples of activities’.
Requirements Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of field and office procedures for boundary and/or cadastral surveys appropriate to your national and/or
international location. Understand legal and physical boundaries and provide examples of these. Understand the principles of land management. Apply
your knowledge of the principles of land registration, land management, administration and legislation related to rights in real estate internationally
and nationally. Understand the relationship between the surveyor, client and legal profession and preparation of evidence for the legal process.
Examples of likely skills, knowledge and Knowledge
experience • property registers in use
• plans relating to the registration process
• limitations of national mapping
• definition of ‘extent of registered title’
• paper-title (the deeds)
• status of a deed plan when referred to in the text of a deed
• common law presumptions regarding property boundaries
• law relating to ‘moving boundaries’ accretion, erosion, foreshore
• all relevant, existing and up to date RICS guidance and professional information such as ‘RICS GN – Boundaries 2nd Ed 2009’ and/or the
relevant local land law and cadastral procedures
• the requirements for Determining Boundaries (UK only).
Activities
• preparing an initial boundary report
• compiling and using a variety of sources from old deeds to modern downloadable title plans and land registry information
• adopting appropriate scales for measured surveys to be used in cadastre
• using and interpreting aerial photography and digital imagery
• researching and evaluating initial cadastral issues
• re-establishing boundary markers
• basic reporting on potential issues of ‘encroachment’
• surveying of boundary markers
• reporting on land purchase and basic valuation
• preparing land transfer data for local/national cadastral authority.

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Associate Assessment Pathway guide

continued on next page

Cadastre and land management

Examples of tasks undertaken • client relationships
• initial specification of any proposed measured survey
• instrumentation and checking
• measured survey field work and post survey data output
• applications of land law from easements to entering a person’s land
• communication with relevant authorities for issues of legal title (land registry), mapping (relevant national mapping agency) and/or client
• measured survey of site using appropriate equipment and subsequent data management and output
• choosing which documentation to rely upon
• practising with complete independence from the client
• requesting documents from the legal profession.

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Associate Assessment Pathway guide

Engineering surveying

Description Engineering surveying is the art and science of determining, and/or setting out, the position of features on, above, or below the earth’s surface to
facilitate the design and construction of engineering projects and buildings.

Requirements Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the principles of construction setting out, deformation and as-built surveys. Be fully conversant with
all forms of construction drawings, plans and surveys. Apply your knowledge on site and be aware of safety, site management procedures and civil
engineering/structural principles.

Examples of likely skills, knowledge and Knowledge

experience • types of ground markers, installation techniques and suitability for use
• requirements for survey data capture and presentation for design purposes in your field of operation
• setting out techniques
• instrumentation, appropriate use of such and checking procedures
• comparison of designed and as-built spatial locations
• construction drawings, plans and surveys
• health and safety issues
• basic principles of civil engineering, terminology and construction techniques
• appropriate use of industry guidance, specifications and related professional information
• surveys of quarries, spoil heaps and landfills and associated volume calculations.
Activities
• identifying hazards and undertaking risk assessments, basic health and safety management
• producing method statements for site survey activities
• depending on project size and nature, installation and checking of primary survey control network and benchmarks
• construction site setting out, including structures, highways, drainage and tunnels, and extension of survey control
• managing engineering survey staff and equipment checking.

Examples of tasks undertaken • recognising options, choosing and justifying instrument suitability for use in engineering projects
• accuracies and errors and how they apply
• communicating and presenting results of surveys to others
• initial site survey including installation of temporary survey control such as temporary bench marks
• use of traditional and/or Global Positioning System survey techniques (for example earth moving)
• depending on project nature – steel drawing control, survey management and control of high rise structures (structural steel, slip-forms)
• daily management of routine survey tasks
• as-built surveys and output (digital and/or hardcopy) including issues of scale and survey specification
• basic control of construction resources – labour, material (concrete ordering and checking)
• deformation monitoring of ground or structures.

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Associate Assessment Pathway guide

Geodesy

Description Geodesy is an interdisciplinary science which uses remotely sensed and ground-based measurements to study the shape and size of the earth and
their temporal variations.
Geodesy also includes the study of the earth’s gravity field.
Geodesy can be divided into: geomensuration, which is concerned with measuring the earth on a global scale, and surveying, which is concerned
with measuring parts of the surface.
Understanding the key elements of Geodesy is a primary skill required by land and hydrographic surveyors.

Requirements Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the principles of geodesy, Global Navigation
Satellite Systems, global/regional/national geodetic reference systems, geoids, datums and projections. Apply your knowledge in practice, specify
and plan surveys and instrumentation needs. Be aware of error sources and ‘fitness for purpose’ of data. Use industry standard software and apply
network adjustments and/or transformations.

Examples of likely skills, knowledge and Knowledge

experience • the difference between the geoid and ellipsoid
• the differences between types of projections
• the applications and limitations of Global Navigation Satellite Systems
• datums
• technology advances and the advent of new Global Navigation Satellite Systems such as Galileo and Compass and the re-structuring of existing
systems such as Global Positioning System and Glonass
• industry guidance, specifications and related professional information
• the levels of accuracy achievable, equipment, data collection and processing strategies required for a variety of surveying/engineering tasks
including: topographic survey, setting out, control establishment
• the various modes of Global Navigation Satellite Systems positioning (i.e. static, rapid static, kinematic, real-time kinematic in relation to
survey planning and meeting of specifications).
Activities
• using Global Navigation Satellite Systems equipment and post processing
• creating appropriate reporting documentation in relation to geodetic co-ordinates systems
• planning and executing Global Navigation Satellite Systems surveys to appropriate levels of accuracy, including data processing
• using standard commercial Global Navigation Satellite Systems processing packages to process Global Navigation Satellite Systems data and
to apply pre-determined transformation routines to transform Global Navigation Satellite Systems based co-ordinates to national datums.

Examples of tasks undertaken • specifications required for the task

• control of accuracy and appropriate choice and use of geodetic hardware and software
• mitigation of error sources
• background research into the existing geodetic framework in the area of work
• processes employed to combine an existing geodetic framework with a new survey scheme.

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Associate Assessment Pathway guide

GIS

Description A GIS uses computer technology to integrate, manipulate and display a wide range of information to create a picture of an area’s geography,
environment and socio-economic characteristics. Beginning with a digital dataset as its base, a GIS overlays and integrates graphic and textual
information from separate databases. The end result is a tool that can support decision-making and problem-solving and provide almost
instantaneous answers to complex questions.

Requirements Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the principles of geographic information science and systems. Be aware of industry standard GIS,
data structures, types and their applications, and of appropriate capture and output systems. Apply your knowledge and assess data quality; define
and use appropriate input and data transfer methods; analyse data and prepare databases; identify digital data sources and assess ‘fitness for use’.
Understand and be aware of national and international data standards.

Examples of likely skills, knowledge and Knowledge

experience • the generic concepts in GIS appropriate to different audiences
• tabular, raster and vector data
• the different methods of primary and, especially, secondary data capture
• the different output options
• geodetic issues such as datums, projections
• industry guidance, specifications and related professional information
• the principles underlying the analysis of spatial data and how to implement these with typical GIS algorithms using standard functionality
• data industry standards and metadata.
Activities
• operating at least one commercially available off-the-shelf GIS software package e.g. create, store, access, view, analyse and plot spatial data
• undertaking data capture such as digitising from maps and plans or address matching
• undertaking data integration such as plotting of a measured survey on to a topographical map or importing and processing point based
data sources
• applying quality control procedures to ensure data quality and integrity
• applying data management procedures such as updates to base data, control of access to data, publication to users and documentation of it
• selecting and performing data capture appropriate to the data source and the application
• identifying, assessing and sourcing datasets appropriate to user requirements and assessing their quality and fitness for purpose.

Examples of tasks undertaken • assessment of most appropriate output such as product type, scale, content and resolution of mapping to be used
• import and export of different formats according to user needs e.g. exporting data from GIS data store for CAD users or importing data from
other systems
• spatial analysis of several layers of data using both database and spatial queries and subsequently providing results for adding to a report
or presentation e.g. geology/soils survey with contaminated land data and flood mapping.

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Legal/regulatory compliance

Description Legal issues are at the heart of many areas of traditional land survey practice. All land/engineering surveyors should have a good working knowledge
of any legislation that may impact on their work whether it is health and safety legislation in engineering surveying, land law and/or cadastral
regulations. This competency will be especially applicable in a cadastral context.

Requirements Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of any legal/regulatory compliance requirements in relation to your area of practice. Apply your
knowledge to comply with legal/regulatory requirements in specific situations within your area of practice.

Examples of likely skills, knowledge and Knowledge

experience • legislative needs of land survey work
• the basics of land law
• legislative strictures such as health and safety legislation and/or traffic management
• contract law and its basic principles
• national land registration issues/legislation and cadastral laws
• RICS and survey industry guidance, specifications and related professional information.
Activities
• surveying under the current regulations, licensing and laws applicable to your location
• undertaking a risk assessment in the office/field.

Examples of tasks undertaken • boundary dispute, wayleaves or planning application.

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Mapping

Description Mapping, in this context, is an exceptionally broad potential area of practice. It encompasses everything from light detection and ranging,
interferometric synthetic aperture radar, aerial photography and other primary data capture techniques to ground control using Global Positioning
System and/or traditional techniques and the production of digital elevation models, digital terrain models or any form of geographical output
including GIS data capture and output.

Requirements Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the principles of mapping and geographic information sciences appropriate to your area of practice.
Be aware of accuracy, scale, currency and fitness for purpose of hardcopy and/or digital maps, drawings, imagery and plans. Apply your knowledge
of mapping and geographical sciences in relation to your area of practice.

Examples of likely skills, knowledge and Knowledge

experience • data capture techniques and the issues regarding accuracy and precision
• cartographic standards
• basic principles of Geodesy and mapping
• use of basic survey and mapping software
• map generalisation issues and potential effect on data representation
• potential pitfalls of scale issues
• map projection scale factor
• RICS and survey industry standard guidance and information
• online mapping resources and data integration (mash ups)
• the principles of data integration and compatibility, integrating different data sets to achieve client needs.

Activities
• using post processing survey/mapping software
• using digital terrain modelling/digital elevation models.

Examples of tasks undertaken • co-ordinate systems and transformations for mapping

• assessment of most appropriate output such as product type, scale, content and resolution of mapping to be used
• applying quality control procedures to ensure data quality and integrity
• utilisation of industry standard CAD, Imagery and GIS software for presentation of final data
• quality assurance flowline to ensure that final data is produced according to the specification
• choice of mapping product appropriate for project considering accuracy and reliability
• scalability in the context of both mapping and user requirements.

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Measurement of land and property

Description This competency is relevant to all data capture and surveying/measurement areas of practice, particularly, topographic land survey, engineering
surveying and measured building survey.
It is also relevant to boundary surveys, surveys for rental, ratings and valuations, initial field visit surveys and high accuracy as-built surveys or
large-scale utilities surveys.

Requirements Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the principles and limitations of measurement relevant to your area of practice. Apply your
knowledge to undertake measurement.
Use basic and/or advanced instrumentation to collect data. Present appropriate information gained from measurement.

Examples of likely skills, knowledge and Knowledge

experience • checking procedures, the suitability of different instrumentation and measurement techniques
• principles of error sources
• data capture techniques and limitations of use
• different basic survey instrumentation
• principles of data representation and the use of appropriate data capture techniques to achieve agreed survey output
• principles of measured building surveying and its outputs
• RICS and survey industry standard guidance and information.

Activities
• planning measurement strategy
• equipment checking
• applying quality assurance procedures
• using data capture instrumentation
• employing measured building survey techniques
• using topographical survey data capture techniques and appropriate output criteria.

Examples of tasks undertaken • initial site survey including installation of survey control points
• survey output (digital and/or hardcopy) including issues of scale and survey specification
• final output using post processing techniques.

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Property records/information systems

Description This competency relates to the records that must be maintained to support a country’s system of registration of rights, responsibilities and
restrictions in its land. It requires knowledge and understanding of the systems in use in one country, usually the country in which the candidate works.
Non-UK candidates may work within a cadastre and their potential working environment may be significantly different from the UK. This competency
reflects this diversity within the activities section.

Requirements Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the factors required for property records/information systems, including the sourcing and collation
of data. Demonstrate your ability to apply knowledge to analyse data and assemble it for use in a database.

Examples of likely skills, knowledge and Knowledge

experience • difference between deeds/registered titles
• general/surveyed boundaries
• supporting maps/plans
• legal documentation
• index maps
• electronic records
• RICS and survey industry guidance, specifications and related professional information.
Activities
• compiling a case file of appropriate documentation.
• establishing and/or reporting on land administration issues such as rights of access, easements, wayleaves, restrictive/positive covenants,
planning/development issues, land obligations or any other specific land law issues
• applying quality control procedures
• plotting from information contained in deeds
• recording metadata for project
• conducting survey/field investigation
• interpreting plan/map whilst on site, writing report from survey containing results
• communicating with relevant authorities
• interpreting legal language in relation to property records
• accessing basic legal advice
• developing a record for integration into an accepted national and/or local cadastral system
• gathering data, historic or recent, on the cadastral parcel/record
• initiating research into legal and boundary issues which may result from property record transfer.

Examples of tasks undertaken • analysis of deed plans

• interpretation of map and legal wording and in relation to legal estates
• investigation of deeds, and plans in relation to easements, rights of way and burdens affecting the land
• choice of mapping product appropriate for project considering accuracy and reliability.

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Remote sensing and photogrammetry

Description Remote sensing and photogrammetry are activities and methods related to provision of spatial information. This involves using photographs and digital
imagery to provide information about the earth’s surface and changes which occur within the landscape. It also covers the science and technology of
making precise measurements on the imagery to model, in three dimensions, the landscape and features or structures on the earth’s surface.

Requirements Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the principles of remote sensing and photogrammetry (both aerial and terrestrial). Apply your
knowledge and be aware of scales, camera and satellite principles and different data capture techniques. Understand and undertake procedures for
routine data capture, and analyse and/or adjust/transform data. Use standard industry software.

Examples of likely skills, knowledge and Knowledge

experience • basic principles of photogrammetry
• camera geometry – scales, precision, ground sample distance
• properties of photography
• principles of remote sensing
• sensors – geometric characteristics
• image processing
• types of imagery, the source of acquisition, and their practical application
• ortho-photography (true, ortho-rectified, geo-rectified)
• RICS and survey industry guidance, specifications and related professional information.

Activities
• liaising with client and internal management of survey/mapping procedures
• processing of airborne Global Positioning System/Inertia Measurement Unit data, Light Detection and Ranging point clouds and digital imagery
• interpreting specifications
• setting up equipment
• flight planning and ground control preparation to meet the accuracy requirements of the specification
• co-ordinating systems and transformations
• processing of analogue and digital imagery
• using photogrammetric and imagery software.

Examples of tasks undertaken • assessment of most appropriate output such as product type, scale, content and resolution of mapping to be used
• digital surface modelling techniques
• 3D data capture
• operation and calibration sensors
• quality control procedures utilised to ensure final data is fit for purpose.

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Mandatory competencies
Title Requirement

Client care Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the principles and practice of client care including:
• the concept of identifying all clients/colleagues/third parties who are your clients and the behaviours that are appropriate to establish good
client relationships
• the systems and procedures that are appropriate for managing the process of client care, including complaints
• the requirement to collect data, analyse and define the needs of clients.
Demonstrate practical application of the principles and practice of client care in your area of practice.

Communication and negotiation Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of effective oral, written, graphic and presentation skills including the methods and techniques that are
appropriate to specific situations.
Demonstrate practical application of these skills in a variety of situations, specifically including where negotiation is involved.

Conduct rules, ethics and professional Although this is demonstrated through the RICS ethics module (see Candidate Guide) you should still refer to it (where applicable).
practice Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the role and significance of RICS and its functions. Also an appreciation of your personal professional
role and society’s expectations of professional practice and RICS Rules of Conduct and regulations, including the general principles of law and the
legal system, as applicable in your country of practice.
Demonstrate practical application in your area of practice, being able to justify actions at all times and demonstrate personal commitment to the
RICS Rules of Conduct and RICS ethical standards.
Demonstrate that you have applied these in the context of advising clients.

Conflict avoidance, management and Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the techniques for conflict avoidance, conflict management and dispute resolution procedures
dispute resolution procedures including for example adjudication and arbitration, appropriate to your pathway.

Data management Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the sources of information and data, and of the systems applicable to your area of practice, including
the methodologies and techniques most appropriate to collect, collate and store data.

Health and safety Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the principles and responsibilities imposed by law, codes of practice and other regulations
appropriate to your area of practice.
Demonstrate practical application of health and safety issues and the requirements for compliance, in your area of practice.

Sustainability Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of why and how sustainability seeks to balance economic, environmental and social objectives at global,
national and local levels, in the context of land, property and the built environment.

Teamworking Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the principles, behaviour and dynamics of working in a team.

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Continuing professional development (CPD)

In your submission document you must record 48 hours of CPD, this must be 12 months prior to your associate assessment. The following are examples of the type of development relevant to
this pathway.

Mapping; Geodesy; Engineering surveying

Activity type Purpose Description Learning outcomes

Work-based To develop my knowledge of new surveying Attended in-house training workshop on I developed an awareness of the uses and
equipment latest Global Navigation Satellite System capabilities of the latest GNSS receivers.
and Global Positioning System equipment My company hired/purchased and carried out
and software a number of short tutorials on the included
software

Engineering surveying

Activity type Purpose Description Learning outcomes

Work-based To develop my understanding of basic site Internal site health and safety course run I have an understanding of the need to
health and safety by external organisation. Completed online properly ascertain health and safety issues
tutorial on legal aspects of health and safety before starting survey work on site
I have a better understanding of the
legislation behind health and safety and
how it impacts surveyors

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Property records/information systems

Activity type Purpose Description Learning outcomes

Organised Strengthen my knowledge of the latest CPD Lecture – held at RICS by a leading I learnt that with property records/
thinking on property records, databases and international expert in land registration and information systems there is so much to
related industry examples cadastre learn about how services to the public can
be improved

Remote sensing and photogrammetry

Activity type Purpose Description Learning outcomes

Work-based Online discussion on mertis of new RICS Downloaded relevant GN and thought about Great opportunity to input into a full
GN on Aerial Imagery 5th ed 2010 and its how it impacts my own practice/department international discussion on the merits of
potential adoption in my country the new industry standard and understand
how others had used this and other RICS
standards in their working practices

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Confidence through professional standards
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