Excellence Academy (Vikhroli)

Time: 2 hours geometry Marks: 40

Chapter Details
Mathematics Part Basic Concepts in Geometry, Triangles
II:

Q.1 Attempt the following

1. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the statement. (1)
If P – Q – R and d(P, Q) = 2, d(P, R) = 10, then find d(Q, R).
(A) 12 (B) 8
(C) (D) 20
Ans:
Explanation:
d(P, R) = d(P, Q) + d(Q, R)
∴ 10 = 2 + d(Q, R)
∴ d(Q, R) = 8
2. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the statement. (1)
Find d(A, B), if co-ordinates of A and B are – 2 and 5 respectively.
(A) –2 (B) 5
(C) 7 (D) 3
Ans:
Explanation:
Since 5 > –2,
d(A, B) = 5 – (–2) = 5 + 2 = 7

3. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the statement. (1)
If two sides of a triangle are 5 cm and 1.5 cm, the length of its third side cannot be
_______
(A) 3.7 cm (B) 4.1 cm
(C) 3.8 cm (D) 3.4 cm
Ans:
Explanation:
Sum of the lengths of two sides of a triangle > length of the third side
Here, 1.5 cm + 3.4 cm = 4.9 cm < 5 cm
∴ Third side ≠ 3.4 cm
4. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the statement. (1)
How many points are there in the intersection of two distinct lines?
(A) infinite (B) two
(C) one (D) not a single

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 Ans:
Explanation:

5. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the statement. (1)
In ΔTPQ, ∠T = 65°, ∠P = 95°. Which of the following is a true statement?
(A) PQ < TP (B) PQ < TQ
(C) TQ < TP < PQ (D) PQ < TP < TQ
Ans:
Explanation:
∠Q = 180° – (95° + 65°) = 20°
∴ ∠Q < ∠T < ∠P
∴ PT < PQ < TQ
Q.2 Attempt the following

1. Write the following statement in conditional form (1)

A number having only two divisors is called a prime number.
If a number has only two divisors, then it is a prime number.

2. Write the answer to the following question with reference to the figure given below: (1)

Write the intersection set of ray PQ and ray RP.

Ray PQ
3. If the co-ordinate of A is x and that of B is y, find d(A, B). (1)
x = –4, y = –5
Co-ordinate of point A is x = –4.
Co-ordinate of point B is y = –5.
Since –4 > –5,
d(A, B) = –4 – (–5) = –4 + 5
∴ d(A, B) = 1

Q.3 Attempt the following

1. Observe the information shown in the given pair of triangles. State the test by which (2)
the two triangles are congruent. Write the remaining congruent parts of the
triangles.

From the information shown in the figure,

In ΔABC and ΔPQR,
∠ABC ≅ ∠PQR
seg BC ≅ seg QR
∠ACB ≅ ∠PRQ
∴ ΔABC ≅ ΔPQR …[ test]
∴ ∠BAC ≅ …[Corresponding angles of congruent triangles]

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 From the information shown in the figure,
In ΔABC and ΔPQR,
∠ABC ≅ ∠PQR
seg BC ≅ seg QR
∠ACB ≅ ∠PRQ
∴ ΔABC ≅ ΔPQR …[ test]
∴ ∠BAC ≅ …[Corresponding angles of congruent triangles]

2. Observe the information shown in the given pair of triangles. State the test by which (2)
the two triangles are congruent. Write the remaining congruent parts of the
triangles.

From the information shown in the figure,

In ΔPTQ and ΔSTR,
seg PT ≅ seg ST
∠PTQ ≅ ∠STR …[Vertically opposite angles]
seg TQ ≅ seg TR
∴ ΔPTQ ≅ ΔSTR …[ test]

seg PQ ≅ …[Corresponding sides of congruent triangles]

From the information shown in the figure,
In ΔPTQ and ΔSTR,
seg PT ≅ seg ST
∠PTQ ≅ ∠STR …[Vertically opposite angles]
seg TQ ≅ seg TR
∴ ΔPTQ ≅ ΔSTR …[ test]

seg PQ ≅ …[Corresponding sides of congruent triangles]

Q.4 Attempt the following (Any 4)

1. As shown in the given figure, in ΔLMN and ΔPNM, LM = PN, LN = PM. Write the (2)
test which assures the congruence of the two triangles. Write their remaining

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 congruent parts.

In ΔLMN and ΔPNM,

seg MN ≅ seg NM …[Common side]

∴ ΔLMN ≅ ΔPNM …[SSS test]

2. Answer the question with the help of figure given below. (2)

Find d(U,V)
Co-ordinate of the point U is –5.
Co-ordinate of the point V is 5.
Since 5 > –5,
d(U, V) = 5 – (–5)
=5+5
∴ d(U, V) = 10

3. Answer the question with the help of figure given below. (2)

State the points which are equidistant from point B.

Points equidistant from point B are
a. A and C,
because d(B, A) = d(B, C) = 2
b. D and P,
because d(B, D) = d(B, P) = 4
4. In ΔPQR, ∠Q = 90°, PQ = 12, QR = 5 and QS is a median. Find l(QS). (2)

i. PQ = 12, QR = 5 …[Given]
In ΔPQR, ∠Q = 90° …[Given]
∴ PR2 = QR2 + PQ2 …[Pythagoras theorem]
= 52 + 122
= 25 + 144
∴ PR2 = 169
∴ PR = 13 units …[Taking square root of both sides]
ii. In right angled ΔPQR, seg QS is the median on hypotenuse PR.

∴ QS = PR …

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 = × 13
∴ l(QS) = 6.5 units
5. Point P is the midpoint of seg CD. (2)
If CP = 2.5, find l(CD).
Point P is the midpoint of seg CD and
l(CP) = 2.5 …[Given]

l(CP) = l(CD) …[∵ P is midpoint of seg CD]

∴ 2.5 =
∴ l(CD) = 2.5 × 2
∴ l(CD) = 5

Q.5 Attempt the following (Any 4)

Theorem of 45° – 45° – 90° triangle

1. Prove that if the acute angles of a right angled triangle are 45°, 45°, then the length (3)
of each side containing the right angle is × hypotenuse.

Given: In ΔABC, ∠A = ∠C = 45°, ∠B = 90°

To prove: AB = BC = AC

Proof:
In ΔABC,
∠A = ∠C = 45° …[Given]
∴ BC = AB …(i) [Converse of isosceles triangle theorem]
In ΔABC,
∠ABC = 90° … [Given]
∴ AB2 + BC2 = …[Pythagoras theorem]
∴ AB2 + = AC2 …[From (i)]
∴ 2 AB2 =
∴ AB2 =

∴ AB = AC …(ii) [Taking square root of both sides]

∴ AB = BC = AC …[From (i) and (ii)]

2. Answer the following in detail. (3)

Co-ordinate of point A on a number line is 1. What are the co-ordinates of points on
the number line which are at a distance of 7 units from A ?

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 Let point C be at a distance of 7 units from A and on left side of A
Let point B be at a distance of 7 units from A and on right side of A.

i. Let the co-ordinate of point C be x.

Co-ordinate of point A is 1.
Since point C is to the left of point A,
1>x
∴ d(A, C) = 1 – x
∴ 7=1–x
∴ x=1–7
∴ x=–6
ii. Let the co-ordinate of point B be y.
Co-ordinate of point A is 1.
Since point B is to the right of point A,
y>1
∴ d(A, B) = y – 1
∴ 7=y–1
∴ 7+1=y
∴ y=8
∴ The co-ordinates of the points at a distance of 7 units from A are –6 and 8.
3. Answer the following in detail. (3)
Using the information in the given figure, find the measures of ∠a, ∠b and ∠c.

i. ∠c + 100° = 180° …[Angles in a linear pair]

∴ ∠c = 180° – 100°
∴ ∠c = 80°
ii. ∠b = 70° …[Vertically opposite angles]
iii. ∠a + ∠b + ∠c = 180° …

∴ ∠a + 70° + 80° = 180°

∴ ∠a = 180° – 70° – 80°
∴ ∠a = 30°
∴ ∠a = 30°, ∠b = 70°, ∠c = 80°
4. Answer the following in detail. (3)
Find the values of x and y using the information shown in the given figure. Find the
measures of ∠ABD and ∠ACD.

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 i. ∠ACB = 50° …[Given]
In ΔABC, seg AC ≅ seg AB …[Given]
∴ ∠ABC ≅ ∠ACB …[Isosceles triangle theorem]
∴ x = 50°
ii. ∠DBC = 60° …[Given]
In ΔBDC, seg BD ≅ seg DC …[Given]
∴ ∠DCB ≅ ∠DBC …[Isosceles triangle theorem]
∴ y = 60°
iii. ∠ABD = ∠ABC + ∠DBC …[Angle addition property]
= 50° + 60°
∴ ∠ABD = 110°
iv. ∠ACD = ∠ACB + ∠DCB…[Angle addition property]
= 50° + 60°
∴ ∠ACD = 110°
∴ x = 50°, y = 60°,
∠ABD = 110°, ∠ACD = 110°
5. Answer the following in detail. (3)
The following table shows points on a number line and their co-ordinates. Decide
whether the pair of segments are congruent or not
Point A BC D E
Co-ordinate –3 5 2 –7 9
seg BE and seg AD
Co-ordinate of the point E is 9.
Co-ordinate of the point B is 5.
Since 9 > 5,
d(B, E) = 9 – 5 = 4
∴ l(BE) = 4 …(i)
Co-ordinate of the point A is –3.
Co-ordinate of the point D is –7.
Since –3 > –7,
d(A, D) = –3 – (–7) = 4
∴ l(AD) = 4 …(ii)
∴ l(BE) = l(AD) …[From (i) and (ii)]
∴ seg BE and seg AD are congruent.
i.e, seg BE ≅ seg AD

Q.6 Attempt the following

1. In the given figure, ∠B = 55°, ∠ADB = 55° and ∠C = 30°, then prove that BD > (4)
DC.

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 In ΔABD,

55° + 55° + ∠BAD = 180°

∴ ∠BAD = 180° – 55° – 55°
∴ ∠BAD = 70° ...(i)
Now, ∠ADB + ∠ADC = 180° ...[Angles in linear pair]
55° + ∠ADC = 180°
∴ ∠ADC = 125°
In ΔADC,

125° + ∠DAC + 30° = 180°

∠DAC = 180° – 125° – 30°
∴ ∠DAC = 25° ...(ii)
70° > 25°
∴ ∠BAD > ∠DAC ...[From (i) and (ii)]
∴ BD > DC ...[Side opposite to greater angle is greater]
2. In the given figure, line DE || line GF, ray EG and ray FG are bisectors of ∠DEF (4)
and ∠DFM respectively. Prove that,
i. ∠DEG = ∠EDF
ii. EF = FG

i Let the measures of angles

∠DEG = ∠FEG = x°, …(i) [Ray EG bisects ∠DEF]
∠GFD = ∠GFM = y° …(ii) [Ray FG bisects ∠DFM]

line DE || line GF, …[Given]

and DF is their transversal.
∴ ∠EDF = ∠GFD …[Alternate angles]
∴ ∠EDF = y° …(iii) [From (ii)]

line DE || line GF, …[Given]

and EM is their transversal.
∴ ∠DEF = ∠GFM …[Corresponding angles]
∴ ∠DEG + ∠FEG = ∠GFM …[Angle addition property]
∴ x° + x° = y° …[From (i) and (ii)]
∴ 2x° = y°

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∴ x° = y°

∴ ∠DEG = ∠EDF …[From (i) and (iii)]

ii.

line DE || line GF, …[Given]

and GE is their transversal.
∴ ∠DEG = ∠FGE …(iv) [Alternate angles]
∴ ∠FEG = ∠FGE …(v) [From (i) and (iv)]
∴ In ΔFEG,
∠FEG = ∠FGE …[From (v)]
∴ EF = FG …[Converse of isosceles triangle theorem]

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