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OSI Model Explained: Layers & Components

The document outlines the OSI Model, detailing its seven layers and their components. It includes descriptions of hardware and software relevant to each layer, such as network cables and switches at the Physical Layer, routers and IP addresses at the Network Layer, and web browsers and email clients at the Application Layer. Each layer serves a specific function in network communication and data processing.

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Parasa Leela Krishna
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15 views1 page

OSI Model Explained: Layers & Components

The document outlines the OSI Model, detailing its seven layers and their components. It includes descriptions of hardware and software relevant to each layer, such as network cables and switches at the Physical Layer, routers and IP addresses at the Network Layer, and web browsers and email clients at the Application Layer. Each layer serves a specific function in network communication and data processing.

Uploaded by

Parasa Leela Krishna
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

OSI Model and its Components

1. Physical Layer (Layer 1)


- Network cables (Ethernet, fiber optics, coaxial cables)
- Connectors (RJ45, BNC, USB)
- Hubs
- Repeaters
- Network Interface Cards (NICs)
- Radio waves (for wireless communication)

2. Data Link Layer (Layer 2)


- Switches
- Bridges
- MAC (Media Access Control) addresses
- Network Interface Cards (NICs)

3. Network Layer (Layer 3)


- Routers
- Layer 3 switches
- IP addresses
- Firewalls (some operate at this level)

4. Transport Layer (Layer 4)


- Firewalls (can filter based on port numbers)
- Load balancers
- TCP/UDP ports

5. Session Layer (Layer 5)


- Gateways
- API handlers
- Session management software (like NetBIOS, RPC)

6. Presentation Layer (Layer 6)


- Encryption/decryption hardware & software (SSL/TLS)
- Codecs (JPEG, MP3, MPEG)
- Data translators (ASCII, EBCDIC)

7. Application Layer (Layer 7)


- Web browsers
- Email clients (Outlook, Gmail)
- Web servers (Apache, Nginx)
- DNS servers
- Proxy servers

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