Oxides and Oxoacids
r Nitrogen family
a Oxides
of Nitrogen
Nao Nitrousoxide laughinggas
NEN E Sp linear
1800
neutral
odd electron molecule
Nitric oxide
µ O
ask
111203 O N Iii 0
Dinitrogentrioxide t
O
111204 O O µ
traaide pEfoi
[Link] s
o IYao9iidides
111205 O
O
Dinitrogenpentaoxide N o N
spot is
14203 1 H2O HNoz Nitrous acid
13 3
Ixyacid of same on co relation
111203 t NaOH Nanos t 1920
Acid Base
NzO5 t H2O 2141403
115
111205 t Cacothz Ca N0372 t H2O
Acid Base
111204 T H2O HNoz t HNOg
14 13 15
14204 12 KOH KNOL t kNOg T H2O
Acid Base
Disproportionation Reaction
Metallic oxides Bases
Cbs
oxyacids of Nitrogen
HNoz Iii sp2 ABI
Hot to Angular
O
HN03 11
SP2 ABS
µg
Hyponitrous acid HzN20z
Ho Iii v OH
I
sp2
0
Pernitric acid 11
N O O H
O
sp2
Note B c 1N oxyacids sp2
PlsIce oxyacids sp's
G 15 6 17 ons acids 3
ice acids 15
G 16 ons acids 14
ie acids 16
c Hydrides of Nitrogen
NHz of
µ Sposato
µ
Hydrazine
Haji SPB
H
Lte
HNz Hydrazoic acid
HNz Ht Nj
azide Ione
Resonating structures of azide ion
Nz t 0 N20
Nz 1 N Nj
NE NEN n one no
Ny NEnt
2
N I
t 2N Nt N
sp
length
In azide ion only type of N N
one bonda is present
but in hydrazoio acid two types of N N bond length
is present 2
NEF NO
H
sp b 3
sp
d1 Allotropes of Phosphorus
phosphorus white Pg Red Pt Black 14 43
is white Phosphorus
Nitrogen exist in the form ofNz while phosphorus
exist in the form of Pg and is a soft solid
iii ii ii is
2pm 2pm 3pm 3pm
Bond size
large of 3p
due to small size of orbital
orbital a bond is stable
p
Vander waal force of attraction increases down the
group Nz is a gas and Pg is solid I
P
p sps hybridisation
p Highlystrained molecule
1
very unstable reactive
spontaneously catches fire in air
iii Red Phosphorus polymeric form
IP
fp p1
P
e Oxides
of phosphorus
17406 Picot P 0g PtOg Paolo
3 Outdouble 5
bondOxygen
P 1406
I
pl
o
l o
o
l SH hybridisation
TO 0
Total done pairs 12 4 16
o P
p
O
Il Paolo
p
O O 3dm
p2pn
O p p o sp3 hybridisation
o
0
o Total lone pairs do
Ip Ipa 3dm bonds y
Il
O
1406 1 6h20 41431003
13
PgOf 12 NaOH YNazHPOg t 21420
Piolo t 61120 41931004
15
Piolo 1 6Cao 2cg 0412
I
Basic
17407 t 6h20 31731203 t 1431704
10408 1 6 H2O 21431703 21731004
PgOg t 6h20 HzPost 3431004
f oxyacids of Phosphorus
Hydra acids Hydrogen attacked with non metals
directly CG lb G AI
H2O H2S Hase Hase G 16
eg
Hf HCl HBR HI 7 G 17
Oxyacids Hydrogen is attached with oxygen
which is directly attached with non metal
Exceptions Hypo2 HzP0z
Hzpoz Phosphorous acid sp3 ABT Tetrahedral
3
HzPot Phosphoric acid sp3 ABy Tetrahedral
15
1431002 Hypophosphorous acid Sp3 ABQ Tetrahedral
4
Note when one oxygen atom is removed from
oies acid then name of acid begins with typo
Ic Is ale salt
ous Its elite salt
Rule of ortho 1431004 HP03
1131303 HBO 7 meta
H3As04
22
HAS03
acids
If molecule is removed from one
one H2O
molecule of ie acid and it will still behaves
like an acid then that acid is named as
ortho O
11
HPOz PI 1005
d
OH metaphosphate ion
d
sp2
Polymer of metaphosphoric acid
OH
O OT OH
O
p n
Pe pt
OH
i
O
O fo
0
OH
Dinner Pt
0 O
OH
µpoz z Or 1121306
µ Po or 1431309
Rule of Pyro
when one H2O molecule is removed from two
molecules
of parent acid then the acid is named
as
pyro
2 HgPop Hq1307
pyrophosphoric acid
0 O O O
11 11 11
HO P o P OH Ho Y O p OH
I I I 1
OH OH OH OH
Tetrabasic acid
12074 pyrophosphate ion
1 99 atom
HqPzOf type of
Hypo acid of Hypo phosphoric acid
0 0
pyro 11 11
HO p p OH
I 1
OH OH
Thioacids an acid derived from an
oxyacid by
replacement of one or more o atoms with Sulphur
Sulfuric acid Thiosulfuric acid
0 s
Il 11
HO S OH HO S OH
11 11
O O
H2S t 503 1725203
o
chlorosulfuric acid Hsgce Ce I om
Il
O
Hsgcl t H2S HCl 11425203
1920ft 13062 Boop 102054
t
I P P bond
no P P bond
Q oxygen family
Cai oxides of oxygen
02 0 0
Oz ON sp2 ABEL Angular
O
17202 open book structure OgFa
t
H
O S2 2
H sp3
t
Q sp
3
H H AB2b
Cb Sulfur
Selz S A13212 Sp3
cette
Sog sp2 A132L angular
o
SG sp2 ABz Trigonal planar
q
sock SP
ABL
OT
Ce
Ce o
Sog Iz Sp3 ABQ
S
O Ce
Ce
530g Trimer of 503
0
Igf O
O
fo
Ots s
11 0 o
O
Oxyacids of sulfur
1 04 acids
sulfurous acid HzSog H o
g
o H
OHO
Thiosulfurousacid 1725202 OH
Sj
2172803 HzS2
11
O o o
11
Pyrosulfurous acid
HO S O S OH
11 11
o O
2 [Link] acids
0
sulfuric acid 112504
OH
o
OH
ThiosulfuricacidI Has203 s
11
HO S OH
52032 Thiosulfate ion O
H2O
2172504 1125207
Pyro sulfuric acid
oleum
0 o
11 11
HO S O S OH
11 11
O O
3 peroxy acids o
11
HgSos HO S O o H
H
O
Peroxymonosulfuric acid CARO's acid
Hgs208
o O
11 11
HO S O O S OH
11 H
o O
Peroxydisulfuric acid MARSHAL acid
4 Thio acids S S bonds
Hash1206 Ch O to 12
1125206 Dithionic acids
HO S S OH
o o
1725306 Trithionic acids
0 O
Il 11
HO S S S OH
11 H
O O
1125406 Tetrathionic acid
0 O
Il 11
HO S S S S OH