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Essential Excel Functions Explained

The document provides a comprehensive overview of various Excel functions categorized into mathematical, statistical, text, logical, date & time, lookup & reference, and financial functions. Each function is accompanied by its purpose, an example, and the expected result. This serves as a quick reference guide for users to understand and apply these functions effectively in Excel.

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181 Pooja Yadav
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12 views2 pages

Essential Excel Functions Explained

The document provides a comprehensive overview of various Excel functions categorized into mathematical, statistical, text, logical, date & time, lookup & reference, and financial functions. Each function is accompanied by its purpose, an example, and the expected result. This serves as a quick reference guide for users to understand and apply these functions effectively in Excel.

Uploaded by

181 Pooja Yadav
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Excel Functions with Examples

1. Mathematical Functions

Function Purpose Example Result


SUM() Adds numbers =SUM(A1:A5) Adds all values
PRODUCT() Multiplies numbers =PRODUCT(A1:A3) Multiplies A1×A2×A3
SQRT() Square root =SQRT(16) 4
POWER() Power of number =POWER(2,3) 8
ROUND() Rounds decimals =ROUND(4.567,2) 4.57
ABS() Absolute value =ABS(-12) 12

2. Statistical Functions

Function Purpose Example Result


AVERAGE() Mean value =AVERAGE(B1:B5) Average of range
MEDIAN() Middle value =MEDIAN(B1:B5) Middle number
MODE() Most frequent value =MODE(B1:B5) Most common value
COUNT() Count numeric cells =COUNT(A1:A10) Numbers only
COUNTA() Count non-empty =COUNTA(A1:A10) All filled cells
COUNTBLANK() Count empty =COUNTBLANK(A1:A10) Empty cells
LARGE() Nth largest value =LARGE(B1:B10,2) 2nd largest
SMALL() Nth smallest value =SMALL(B1:B10,1) Smallest

3. Text Functions

Function Purpose Example Result


CONCAT() Join text =CONCAT(A1,' ',B1) Combines text
LEFT() Left characters =LEFT(A1,3) First 3 letters
RIGHT() Right characters =RIGHT(A1,2) Last 2 letters
MID() Middle text =MID(A1,2,3) From 2nd letter take 3
LEN() Length of text =LEN(A1) Character count
UPPER() Uppercase =UPPER(A1) CAPITALS
LOWER() Lowercase =LOWER(A1) lowercase
PROPER() Title case =PROPER(A1) Title Case
TRIM() Remove spaces =TRIM(A1) Clean text
4. Logical Functions

Function Purpose Example Result


IF() Check condition =IF(A1>50,'Pass','Fail') Pass or Fail
AND() All true? =AND(A1>50,B1>60) TRUE/FALSE
OR() Any true? =OR(A1>50,B1>60) TRUE/FALSE
NOT() Reverse logic =NOT(A1>100) TRUE if false

5. Date & Time Functions

Function Purpose Example Result


TODAY() Current date =TODAY() 01-Nov-2025
NOW() Current date & time =NOW() 01-Nov-2025 10:30
DAY() Day number =DAY(A1) 1
MONTH() Month number =MONTH(A1) 11
YEAR() Year =YEAR(A1) 2025
DATEDIF() Date difference =DATEDIF(A1,B1,'y') Years between

6. Lookup & Reference Functions

Function Purpose Example Result


VLOOKUP() Vertical lookup =VLOOKUP(A2,B2:D10,3,FALSE)Finds data
HLOOKUP() Horizontal lookup =HLOOKUP(A2,A1:F3,2,FALSE) Similar to VLOOKUP
INDEX() Return value =INDEX(A1:C3,2,3) Row2 Col3
MATCH() Find position =MATCH('Apple',A1:A5,0) Position number
XLOOKUP() Modern lookup =XLOOKUP(A2,A1:A10,B1:B10) Easier lookup

7. Financial Functions

Function Purpose Example Result


PMT() Loan payment =PMT(10%/12,12*5,500000) Monthly EMI
FV() Future value =FV(0.05,10,-1000) Future savings
PV() Present value =PV(0.05,10,1000) Current value

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