MODULE-2

I. Maclaurin’s series expansion

1. Using Maclaurin’s expansion series prove that
x2 x3 x4
1 + sin 2 x = 1 + x − − + −−−.
2 6 24
2. Obtain the Maclaurin’s expansion of log(1 + e x ) as for as the term containing x 4 .

3. Obtain the Maclaurin’s expansion of log(1 + cos x ) up to term containing x 4 .

4. Prove the following using Maclaurin’s series:
𝑥2 5𝑥 4
[Link] 𝑥 = 1 + + +⋯
2! 4!
𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4
[Link]⁡(1 + sin⁡ 𝑥) = 𝑥 − + − 12 + ⋯
2 6

II. Indeterminate forms

1 1 
1. Evaluate lim  − x 

x →0 x e − 1
1
 x 
2. Evaluate lim a + b + c
x x x

x →0
 3 
3. Evaluate lim (2 x tan x −  sec x )
x→
2

1/ x2
 sin x 
4. Evaluate lim 
x →0
 x 
ax − bx
5. Evaluate lim
x→0 x

 1 1 
6. Evaluate lim  2 − 
 x
x→0 x 2
sin

 x 
7. Evaluate lim (1 − x 2 ) tan 
x→1
 2

 1 
8. Evaluate lim  2 − cot 2 x 

x →0 x

9. Evaluate lim (sec x − tan x )
x → / 2

x 
tan  
 x  2a 
10. Evaluate lim  2 − 
x →a
 a

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 11. Evaluate lim (cos x )
1/ x2
x →0

III. Partial Differential Equations

2z 2z
1. If z = x3 + y3 – 3axy verify that = .
xy yx

( )
2. If u = log x 3 + y 3 + z 3 − 3xyz then prove that:
2
u u u 3    −9
i) + + = ii)  + +  u = .
x y z x + y + z  x y z  (x + y + z )2
3. If u = f  x , y , z  show that x u + y u + z u = 0
 y z x x y z

u u
4. If u = eax+by. f(ax-by). Prove that b +a = 2abu .
x y
2
 z z   z z 
5. If z(x+y) = x2 + y2 show that  −  = 41 − −  .
 x y   x y 
u u u
6. If u = f(x-y, y-z, z-x) show that + + =0.
x y z

ux u y uz
7. If u=f(2x-3y,3y-4z,4z-2x) S.T + + =0
2 3 4
 y u u u
8. If u = f  xz,  then prove that x −y −z = 0.
 z x y z
z z z z
9. If z = f(x, y) where x = eu + e-v and y = e-u - ev show that − =x −y
u  x y

 y− x z− x u u u
10. If u = f  ,  find the value of x 2 + y2 + z2 .
 xy xz  x y z
11. If z = f (x, y ) where x = r cos , y = r sin prove that

2 2 2 2
 z   z   z  1  z 
 x  +  y  =  r  + 2   
      r  
IV. Jacobians
yz zx xy (u, v, w)
1. If u = , v = , w = , Show that =4
x y z  ( x, y , z )

 u , v, w 
2. If u = x2 + y2 + z2, v = xy + yz + zx and w = x + y + z find J   .
 x, y , z 

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  ( x, y , z )
3. If x+y+z = u, y+z = uv and z = uvw then find the value of .
 (u , v, w)

 (u , v, w)
4. If u = x + 3y2 – z3, v = 4x2yz, w = 2z2 – xy. Evaluate at the point (1, -1, 0).
 ( x, y , z )

 ( x, y )  ( r , )
5. If x = r cos  , y = r sin  , evaluate J = and J  = and show that
 ( r , )  ( x, y )

JJ  = 1 .
 ( x, y )
6. If x = eu sec v , y = eu tan v , evaluate J = .
 ( u, v )

 ( u, v )
7. If u = x2 − y 2 , v = 2 xy , and x = r cos , y = r sin  find .
 ( r , )

8. If u = x2 − 2 y 2 , v = 2 x2 − y 2 , and x = r cos , y = r sin  show that

 ( u, v )
= 6r 3 sin 2 .
 ( r , )

V. Maxima and minima of functions of two variables

1. Find the maximum and minimum values of the function
x 3 + 3 x y 2 − 15x 2 − 15 y 2 + 72x

2. Find the maximum and minimum values of the function x 3 + y 3 − 3x − 12 y + 20 .

3. Determine maxima or minima of the function sinx + siny + sin(x +y).
4. Find extremum of the function f(x, y )=2(x2-y2)-x4+y4
5. Find the extreme value of f(x, y) = x3 y2(1 – x - y).
6. Show that z(x, y) = x3 + y3 – 3xy + 1 is minimum at (1, 1)
7. In a plane triangle find the maximum value of cos x cos y cos z

8. Examine the following function for extreme values f ( x, y) = x4 + y 4 − 2 x2 + 4 xy − 2 y 2 .

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