1. The machine that converts chemical energy from fuel into mechanical energy.
2. Type of engine where fuel combustion occurs **inside** the cylinder.
3. Type of engine where fuel combustion occurs **outside** the working cylinder.
4. The inventor of the **four-stroke “Otto Cycle” engine**.
5. The inventor of the **Diesel engine**.
6. The component that houses the cylinder, crankcase, and coolant passages.
7. The part of the engine that closes the upper part of the cylinder and ensures airtight sealing.
8. The enclosed space where the air-fuel mixture is burned to produce power.
9. The moving component that converts combustion pressure into mechanical motion.
10. The component that stores rotational energy and stabilizes engine speed.
11. The valve that allows **air-fuel mixture** to enter the cylinder.
12. The component responsible for **igniting** the air-fuel mixture in gasoline engines.
13. The component that **preheats** the combustion chamber in diesel engines.
14. The device that **compresses intake air** using exhaust gases to increase engine power.
15. The system component that **reduces harmful exhaust gases** using redox reactions.
16. The process in a four-stroke cycle where the **piston moves downward**, drawing in air or air-fuel
mixture.
17. The process where both valves are closed, and the air-fuel mixture is **compressed**.
18. The process where combustion occurs, **pushing the piston downward**.
19. The process where **exhaust gases are expelled** from the cylinder.
20. The thermodynamic cycle that represents **spark ignition engines**.
21. The thermodynamic cycle that represents **compression ignition engines**.
22. The formula for the **thermal efficiency** of an engine.
23. The ratio of the largest to smallest volume in a cylinder.
24. The device that maintains constant engine speed by adjusting fuel delivery.
25. The person who built the first vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine.
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## 🔹 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. What is the **main purpose** of an internal combustion engine?
A. To convert mechanical energy into chemical energy
B. To convert chemical energy into mechanical energy
C. To store kinetic energy
D. To generate electrical energy
2. Which of the following engines uses **spark ignition**?
A. Diesel Engine
B. Gas Engine
C. Gasoline Engine
D. Stirling Engine
3. In which engine type does **combustion occur outside** the cylinder?
A. Otto Engine
B. Diesel Engine
C. Stirling Engine
D. Gasoline Engine
4. The **Otto Cycle** operates through which thermodynamic process during the combustion stage?
A. Isentropic Compression
B. Isobaric Heating
C. Isochoric (Isometric) Heating
D. Isothermal Expansion
5. The **Diesel Cycle** adds heat at which condition?
A. Constant Volume
B. Constant Pressure
C. Constant Temperature
D. Constant Entropy
6. Increasing the **compression ratio** generally results in:
A. Lower thermal efficiency
B. Higher thermal efficiency
C. Lower fuel consumption
D. Both B and C
7. Which of the following correctly lists the **four strokes** of a four-stroke engine?
A. Power, Intake, Exhaust, Compression
B. Intake, Compression, Power, Exhaust
C. Compression, Exhaust, Power, Intake
D. Intake, Power, Compression, Exhaust
8. Which component connects the piston to the crankshaft?
A. Gudgeon pin
B. Rocker arm
C. Connecting rod
D. Valve
9. What is the **function of the flywheel** in an engine?
A. Cool the engine
B. Store fuel
C. Store rotational energy
D. Control valve timing
10. The **spark plug** is found in which type of engine?
A. Diesel
B. Gasoline
C. Steam
D. Stirling
11. The **glow plug** aids in:
A. Cooling the engine
B. Starting diesel engines in cold conditions
C. Igniting fuel in gasoline engines
D. Controlling exhaust gas flow
12. The **supercharger** is powered by:
A. Exhaust gases
B. Battery
C. Engine crankshaft
D. Fuel injector
13. Which device converts harmful exhaust gases into less harmful substances?
A. Turbocharger
B. Carburetor
C. Catalytic Converter
D. Radiator
14. Which component ensures proper air-fuel mixture in gasoline engines?
A. Fuel Injector
B. Carburetor
C. Radiator
D. Governor
15. What is the **main difference** between Otto and Diesel cycles?
A. Type of fuel used
B. Ignition method
C. Number of strokes
D. Shape of piston
16. Who invented the first **internal combustion engine**?
A. Nikolaus Otto
B. François Isaac de Rivaz
C. Rudolf Diesel
D. Gottlieb Daimler
17. What kind of process occurs during **compression in both Otto and Diesel cycles**?
A. Isobaric
B. Isochoric
C. Isentropic
D. Isothermal
18. Which of the following is **NOT** a type of internal combustion engine?
A. Gasoline Engine
B. Diesel Engine
C. Stirling Engine
D. Rotary Engine
19. Which statement is true about **Diesel Engines**?
A. They use spark plugs
B. They operate at lower compression ratios
C. They use compression ignition
D. They are less fuel-efficient
20. Which is the correct formula for **Otto Cycle efficiency**?
A. ( e = 1 - \frac{1}{r^{k-1}} )
B. ( e = 1 + \frac{1}{r^{k-1}} )
C. ( e = 1 - \frac{T_2}{T_1} )
D. ( e = \frac{W}{Q} )