Understanding Orthology in Linguistics
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ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding Orthology in Linguistics
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ScribdTranslationsORTHOLOGY
Ms. Elizabeth Fabiola Guízar García
Speaking correctly means:
a) pronounce correctly;
b) to respect the grammatical rules of the linguistic standard;
c) express oneself correctly from a lexical point of view.
According to the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE), the
Orthology is 'the art of pronouncing correctly and, in a broader sense
general, to speak accurately.
PHONEME
When we speak, we produce sounds. These sounds combine to form
words, (...) that in turn combine with each other to form statements, that
they are the minimal units capable of constructing a verbal message1.
Phoneme is the minimal distinctive unit in the phonetic plane, (that is, units
syllables that manifest in a linear or successive manner in spoken language2.
1. Royal Spanish Academy, Spelling of the Spanish Language, Madrid, Espasa Libros, 2010, p. 46.
2. Ibidem.
SYLLABLE
According to the Dictionary of the Spanish Language (DRAE), the syllable is the
unit of language composed of one or more articulated sounds that
They group around the one with the greatest sound, which is usually a vowel.3.
Royal Spanish Academy, Dictionary of the Spanish Language, 23rd ed, available at[Link] consulted on May 12
from 2016, at 18:00 hours.
Stressed Syllable Unstressed Syllable
It is the one in which It is the one we pronounce
we load the with lower intensity.
pronunciation. •[Link], pitcher.
•[Link], word.
All speakers have their own linguistic variety, which
it results from the conjunction of three types of variants:
Diacritical or According to the place of origin of the speaker, predominates
Geographical certain traits in the way of speaking.
Diastratic or •Indicate the speaker's level of education. It relates to
the different areas where the language is used and the type of
Sociocultural professional specialization.
Diaphasic or Situation Thesituation
way in which the speaker expresses themselves in relation to the
and the specific circumstances of each act
Communicative communicative.
Vulgarisms
Syncopation 2. Aposiopesis 3. Apheresis 4. Prosthesis
8.
5. Epenthesis 6. Paragoge 7. Metathesis Dissimulations
Syncopation
Syncope is the suppression of phonemes or [Link] of a
word.
Error Correct word
Alante Forward
Peace It seems
Ties You have
Tovía Still
Apoce
Apocope is the suppression of phonemes or [Link] the end of a
word
The normal forms are first (or), saint (to), great (of), mine (or), your (I),
you (me), among others.
Error Correct word
Carie Caries
Pa na Paranada
To All
Mu Very
Apheresis
Apheresis is the suppression of phonemes or [Link] the beginning of a
word.
Error Correct word
Amos Let's go
Stay still Stay still
Maca Hammock
To take pride To take pride
4. Prosthesis
The addition of a phoneme or syllable is called a [Link] the beginning
of a word.
Error Correct word
Motorcycle Motto
To shoot To fire
Drainage Drainage
To become gangrenous to become gangrenous
5. Epenthesis
Epenthesis consists of the addition of phonemes or [Link]
of a word.
Error Correct word
Aeronautics Aeronautics
Airport Airport
Florense Forensic
Transplant transplant
6. Paragoge
A paragoge is the addition of some phoneme or [Link] the end of a
word.
It is a serious vulgarism the –S in the second person of the preterite of
indicative mode in singular.
Error Palabra correcta
You said You said
You bought You bought
You were You were
Amastes I love you
7. Metathesis
Metathesis consists of thechange of place of some phoneme or
syllable in a word.
Error Correct word
To intimidate To intimidate
Auptosia Autopsy
Asphyxia Asphyxia
Probe Poor
Grabiel Gabriel
Naide Nobody
8. Dissimulations
Dissimilation occurs when there is a substitution of a
phoneme for another or it is eliminated, because it is found in the same
a word, a phoneme that is the same or similar.
Error Correct word
Cevil Civil
Individual Individual
Ginasia Gymnastics
Medicine Medicine
Problem Problem
Other consonant and vowel changes
Error Word Error Word
correct correct
Abuja Needle Foreigner
Grandfather Grandfather Spontaneous
Swing Herue Hero
Spouse Spouse Cranio Skull
Good Good Change Change
BackgroundBackground Diabetes Diabetes
Opossum Herver Hevir
Lesson Lesson Even Same
Relationship Relationship We are We are
TIPS FOR THE
USOCORRECT DELLÉXICO
Have a varied vocabulary available to avoid falling into repetitions.
the same words.
Practice mental agility to retrieve words in situations
unplanned communicative events, where there is hardly any time to think about
what will be said.
If you are not sure about the pronunciation of a word, it is better to replace it.
for another of similar meaning.
In formal situations, do not use unfamiliar words or those that may result
strange to the way of speaking, as this can cause insecurity in the
oratory, in the listeners, the effect of thinking that one does not know what is
saying.
Be creative, it's possible to use some everyday metaphor that works.
surprising or curious for the interlocutors.
Locate fillers and try not to use or abuse them.
Reading and the dictionary are the best allies for
to achieve a rich and varied lexicon.
SOURCES CONSULTED
•BRIZ, Antonio [coord.] (2008). "Speaking correctly", in Knowing how to speak. Mexico:
Aguilar-Cervantes Institute, pp. 47-74.
•GÓMEZTorrego, Leonardo (2002). "The pronunciation", in New Manual of
Correct Spanish. Volume I. Madrid: Arco Libros, pp. 203-274.
RAE (2015). Dictionary of the Spanish Language. 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpe.