UNIVERSITY OF THE PLAINS

FACULTY OF BASIC SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS
Mechanical Physics
Reinforcement workshop 5
The damage caused by a projectile upon impact is 11. A hammer head with a mass m = 2.00 kg
correlated with its kinetic energy. Calculate and let fall onto a nail from a height h = 0.400 m.
compare the kinetic energies of these three projectiles: Calculate the maximum amount of work that could be done
a) A 10.0 kg stone at 30.0 m/s. about the nail.
b) A baseball weighing 100.0 g at 60.0 m/s. 12. You push your sofa a distance of 4.00 m by
c) A bullet of 20.0 g at 300 m/s. the living room floor, with a horizontal force of 200.0 N.
A limousine is moving at a speed of 100 The friction force is 150.0 N. What is the work?
km/h. If the mass of this vehicle, including the that you perform, that of the friction force, that of the
Passengers, it is 1900 kg, what is its kinetic energy? gravity and that of the net force?
3. Two railway cars, each with a mass 13. Suppose you are pulling a sled with a rope
of 7000 kg and traveling at 90.0 km/h, they collide head-on and what does an angle of 30.0° do with respect to the horizontal.
They enter rest. How much mechanical energy is lost? How much work do you do if you pull with 25.0 N?
in this crash? force and the sled moves 25.0 m?
4. Think about the answers to these questions. A father pulls his son, whose mass is 25.0 kg,
next time I drive a car: who is sitting on a swing with ropes with a
a) What is the kinetic energy of a 1500 kg car? length of 3.00 m, backward, until the ropes
What moves at 15.0 m/s? they form an angle of 33.6° with respect to the vertical.
b) If the car changed its speed to 30.0 m/s, how So let go of your son from rest. What is the
Would the value of kinetic energy change? speed of the son at the bottom of the movement of the
A 200 kg moving tiger has an energy swing?
Kinetic energy of 14400 J. What is the speed of the tiger? 15. A constant force, F = (4.79, -3.79, 2.09) N,
6. Two cars are moving. The first one has twice the acts on an object with a mass of 18.0 kg, causing a
mass of the second, but only half of its energy displacement of said object is r = (4.25, 3.69, -
kinetics. When both cars increase their speed in 2.45) m. What is the total work done by this force?
5.0 m/s, then they have equal kinetic energy. Calculate 16. A mother pulls her daughter, whose mass is 20.0 kg,
the original speeds of the two cars. who is sitting on a swing, with ropes of a
7. What is the kinetic energy of an ideal projectile with length of 3.50 m, backwards until the ropes
mass of 20.1 kg at the peak of its trajectory when launched they form an angle of 35.0° with respect to the vertical. Then
with an initial speed of 27.3 m/s and at an angle Let her daughter go from the rest. What is the speed of
initial of 46.9° with respect to the horizontal? the daughter when the strings form an angle of 15.0°
A force of 5.00 N acts over a distance of 12.0 regarding the vertical?
m in the direction of the force. Find the work 17. At sea level, a nitrogen molecule in the
completed. air has an average kinetic energy of 6.2x10-21J.
Two baseballs are thrown from the roof of Its mass is 4.7x10-26kg. If the molecule could leave
a building 7.25 m high. Both are launched with shot directly upwards without colliding with
initial speed of 63.5 mph. Ball 1 is launched from other molecules, how high would it rise? To what
horizontal manner, and ball 2 is thrown directly percentage of the Earth's radius is equivalent in this
downwards. What is the difference in the speeds of height? What is the initial speed of the molecule?
When do the two balls touch the ground? (Disregard theAssume that you can use g = 9.81 m/s2; although
air resistance. we will see that this assumption may not be justified
10. A 95 kg refrigerator is at rest on the for this situation.)
ground. How much work is needed to move it along the A bullet that moves at a speed of 153 m/s
ground 4.0 m at a constant speed, against a passes through a wooden plank. After passing
friction force of 180 N? through the board, its speed is 130 m/s. Another bullet from the

Physics Teacher
Jesus Daniel Arias Hernandez
Department of Mathematics and Physics
 UNIVERSITY OF THE PLAINS
FACULTY OF BASIC SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS
Mechanical physics
Reinforcement workshop 5
same mass and the same size, but that moves to A horse pulls a sled horizontally.
92 m/s, passes through an identical board. What will be about snow with constant speed. The horse can
the speed of this second bullet after passing through produce a power of 1,060 hp. The coefficient of
through the board? Suppose that the resistance that friction between the sled and the snow is 0.115, and the mass
the board is independent of the speed of the The sled, including the load, weighs 204.7 kg. What
bala. it is the speed at which the sled moves through
19. A particle of mass m is subjected to a force that the snow?
acts in the direction x, F x = (3.0 + 0.50x) N. 27. While a boat is being towed at a speed of 12
Find the work done by the force when the m/s, the tension in the towing cable is 6.0 kN.
particle moves from x = 0 to x = 4.0 m. What is the power supplied to the boat through the
20. A force has the dependency F x (x) = - kx with
4
tow cable?
regarding the displacement x, where the constant k = 28. A car with a mass of 1214.5 kg is moving with a
20.3 N/m How much work is needed to change the
4
speed of 62.5 mph when exiting a curve
displacement from 0.73 m to 1.35 m? he walks and crashes into a bridge pillar. If the car
21. A force given by F(x) = 5x x (in N/m³) acts
3
it reaches rest in 0.236 s, how much average power (in
about a mass of 1.00 kg that moves on a watts) is spent in this interval?
frictionless surface. The mass moves from x = 2.00 29. A cyclist is going downhill on a slope of 7.0°.
m a x = 6.00 m. at a uniform speed of 5.0 m/s. Assuming a
a) How much work does the force do? total mass of 75 kg (bicycle plus cyclist), what should be
b) If the mass has a speed of 2.00 m/s at x = 2.00 to be the energy supply of the cyclist to pedal
m, what is its speed at x = 6.00 m? hacia arriba la misma pendiente y con la misma
22. An ideal spring has the spring constant k = speed?
440 N/m. Calculate the distance that needs to be stretched 30. At the 2004 Olympics in Athens, Greece, the
this spring from its equilibrium position for Iranian athlete Hossein Reza Zadeh won the gold medal.
perform a work of 25 J. from the super heavyweight class in weightlifting.
23. A spring stretches 5.00 cm from its position of He lifted 472.5 kg (1041 lb) combined in his two
balance. If this stretch requires 30.0 J of best lifts in the competition. Assuming
work, what is the spring constant? who lifted the weights to a height of 196.7 cm, what
24. A spring with a spring constant of 238.5 What work did you do?
N/m is compressed by 0.231 m. Then a ball of 31. Certain tractor is capable of pulling with a force
bearing with a mass of 0.0413 kg is placed against the uniform of 14 kN while moving at a speed
end of the spring, and the spring is released. What is the At 3.0 m/s. How much power in kW and hp does it supply?
speed of the ball bearing immediately the tractor in these conditions?
after losing contact with the spring? (The ball 32. A shot putter accelerates a 7.3 kg shot put
it will separate from the spring exactly when the from rest to 14 m/s. If this movement takes
the spring returns to its equilibrium position. Assume that 2.0 s, what average power was supplied?
the mass of the spring can be disregarded. 33. An ad claims that a certain car weighing 1200 kg
25. A horse pulls a sled horizontally to can accelerate from rest to a speed of 25
through a snow-covered field. The coefficient of m/s in 8.0 s. What average power must be supplied?
friction between the sled and the snow is 0.195, and the massmotor to achieve this acceleration? Ignore losses
The sled, including the load, weighs 202.3 kg. If the due to friction.
the horse moves the sled at a constant speed of 34. A car with a mass of m = 1250 kg is traveling at a speed
1.785 m/s, what is the power needed to achieve it? of v0= 105 km/h (29.2 m/s). Calculate the work that
this? they must make the brakes to stop completely the

Physics Teacher
Jesus Daniel Arias Hernandez
Department of Mathematics and Physics
 UNIVERSITY OF THE LLANOS
FACULTY OF BASIC SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS
Mechanical physics
Reinforcement Workshop 5
car. 42. A rock with a mass of 0.773 kg is suspended from
A projectile with a mass of m = 88 g (0.088 kg) is shot. a rope with a length of 2.45 m on the Moon, where the
with a bow. The string of the bow exerts a force gravitational acceleration is one sixth of the
an average force F = 110 N over the arrow at a distance d Earth. What is the change in potential energy?
= 78 cm (0.78 m). Calculate the speed of the arrow. gravitational of this rock when it moves in such a way
when it comes out of the bow. such a way that the angle of the chord changes from 3.31° to
36. A man throws a rock with a mass of m = 0.325 kg 14.01°? (Both angles measured with respect to the
vertically upwards. In this process, your arm vertical.)
perform a total amount of work Wnet= 115 J on A car of 1.50x103kg travels 2.50 km uphill
the rock. Calculate the maximum distance, h, above the hand along an inclined path at a constant speed. The
with which the man makes the throw that will travel the the inclined path has an angle of 3.0° with respect to the
rock. Disregard air resistance. horizontal. What is the change in potential energy?
A car does the work Wcar= 7.0x10 When traveling
4
of the car?
a distance x = 2.8 km with constant speed. Calculate 44. Una piñata con masa de 3.27 kg se ata a una cuerda
the average force F (from all origins) that acts tied to a hook on the ceiling. The length of the rope
about the car in this process. it is 0.81 m, and the piñata is released from rest from
A softball with a mass of m = 0.250 kg is an initial position in which the string forms a
launched with a speed v0 = 26.4 m/s. Due to the angle of 56.5° with the vertical. What is the work that
air resistance, when it reaches home its speed has it creates the gravity at the moment when the string
decreased by 10.0%. The distance between home and the Is it in an upright position for the first time?
the pitcher is d = 15.0 m. Calculate the average force of the A ball is thrown into the air and reaches a height of
air resistance, F air, that is exerted on the ball 5.00 m. Using conservation considerations of the
during its movement from the pitcher to home. energy, determine its initial speed.
39. The cart of 125 kg shown in the figure departs 46. A cannonball with a mass of 5.99 kg is fired
of rest and wheel with negligible friction. They pull from from a cannon at an angle of 50.21° with respect to the
she has three strings. She moves 100 m horizontally. horizontal, and with an initial speed of 52.61 m/s.
Find the final velocity of the cart. When the bullet reaches the highest point of its
trajectory, what is the increase in its potential energy
in relation to the point from which it was fired?
A basketball with a mass of 0.624 kg is
shoots from a vertical height of 1.2 m at a speed
of 20.0 m/s. After reaching its maximum height, the
40. Calculate the power needed to propel a the ball goes through the hoop on its way down, at 3.05 m
car of 1000.0 kg at 25.0 m/s upwards of a about the soil. Using the principle of conservation of
slope line with an inclination of 5.0° over the the energy, determine the speed of the ball
horizontal. Disregard friction and resistance of the immediately before entering the hoop.
air. A classmate throws a book weighing 1.0 kg
A grandfather pulls his granddaughter, whose mass is 21.0 kg, from a height of 1.0 m above the ground directly
who is sitting on a swing, with 2.50 ropes upward. The book reaches a maximum height of 3.0
m in length, backward, and lets it go from rest. m about the ground, and begins to fall. Assume that 1.0
The speed of the granddaughter at the bottom of them above the ground is the reference level for the
the swing's movement is 3.00 m/s. What is the zero gravitational potential energy. Determine:
angle (in degrees, measured with respect to the vertical) a) The gravitational potential energy of the book when
from which it is released? touch the ground.

Physics Teacher
Jesus Daniel Arias Hernandez
Department of Mathematics and Physics
 UNIVERSITY OF THE PLAINS
SCHOOL OF BASIC SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS
Mechanical physics
Reinforcement Workshop 5
b) The speed of the book just before touching lower part of the inclined plane?
the floor. 56. A spring with a spring constant of is used.
49. Suppose you throw a ball weighing 0.052 kg 500 N/m to propel a mass of 0.500 kg towards
with a speed of 10.0 m/s at an angle of 30.0° above up on an inclined plane. The spring is compressed
the horizontal from a building 12.0 m high. 30.0 cm from its equilibrium position and launches the mass.
a) What will its kinetic energy be when it touches the ground? from rest on a horizontal surface and towards the
b) What will be its speed when it touches the ground? inclined plane. The inclined plane has a length
50. If you are at the upper end of a track of 4.00 m and an inclination of 30.0°. Both the plane
for a 40.0 m tall sled slide, how as the horizontal surface has a coefficient of
you will go quickly to the base, assuming you can kinetic friction with a mass of 0.350. When the
ignore the friction between the sled and the track? the spring is compressed, the mass is 1.50 m from the end
A 5.00 kg clay ball is thrown downwards. lower part of the inclined plane.
from a height of 3.00 m with a speed of 5.00 m/s a) What is the speed of the mass when it arrives at
about a spring with k = 1600N/m. The clay compresses lower extremity of the plane?
to the spring a certain maximum amount before stopping of b) What is the speed of the mass when it arrives at
temporary manner. Find the maximum compression upper extreme of the plane?
of the spring. c) What is the total work done by friction from
A firefighter weighing 80.0 kg slides down a pole. the principle from the beginning to the end of the movement of the mass?
3.00 m applying a friction force of 400 N
against the post with his hands. If he slides down from the
rest, what will be its speed upon reaching the ground?
A plastic ball filled with air weighing 0.100 kg is
launches vertically upward with an initial speed
of 10.0 m/s. At a height of 3.00 m, the speed of the
The ball is at 3.00 m/s. What fraction of its energy A skier weighing 70.0 kg who is moving
has it been lost due to air friction? horizontally at 4.50 m/s encounters a slope
54. A snowboard athlete, with a mass of 70.1 kg with an inclination of 20.0°.
(including equipment and clothing) slides down a a) How far up the slope do you
slope with an angle θ = 37.1° to the horizontal, the skier will move before stopping
starting at a speed of 5.1m/s. The coefficient momentary, ignoring friction?
The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.116. What is the work? b) How far up the slope is
net made on him in the first 5.72 s of his will the skier move if the coefficient of friction
descent? The kinetic friction between the skis and the snow is 0.100?
55. A block of 1.00 kg that is initially in A ball with a mass of 1.84 kg is dropped
rest at the upper end of an inclined plane of from a height of y1 = 1.49 m, and then it rebounds to
4.00 m with a slope of 45.0° begins to up to a height of y2 = 0.87m. How much energy
slide down. The upper half of the plane Does mechanics get lost in the rebound? It has been found.
the inclined part is frictionless, while the bottom part experimentally that the effect of the resistance of the
it is rough, with a coefficient of kinetic friction μk = air is negligible in this case and you can
0.300. ignore.
a) How fast is the block moving at half of A soccer ball weighing 1.50 kg has a speed of
the trajectory on the inclined plane, before entering 20.0 m/s when it is 15.0 m above the ground. What
the rough section? Is it the total energy of the ball?
b) How fast is the block moving at the end 60. You are on a swing that has a chain of

Physics Teacher
Jesus Daniel Arias Hernandez
Department of Mathematics and Physics
 UNIVERSITY OF THE LLANOS
FACULTY OF BASIC SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS
Mechanical Physics
Reinforcement Workshop 5
4.0 m long. If its maximum displacement with respect from the post office, a small package of 0.200 kg is released
The angle from the vertical is 35°, how quickly will it move? of rest at point A of a track that forms a
Are you at the bottom of the arch? quarter circle with a radius of 1.60 m (figure). The
61. A block of 5.00 kg is moving with v0 = 6.00 m/s the package is so small relative to that radius that
on a horizontal surface without friction towards a it can be treated as a particle. The package slides through
spring with constant force k = 500 N/m that is the track and arrives at point B with a speed of 4.80 m/s. A
attached to a wall (figure). The spring has mass from here, the package slides 3.00 m over a
despicable. a) Calculate the maximum distance that horizontal surface up to point C, where it
it will compress the spring. b) If that distance must not be stops. a) What coefficient of kinetic friction does it have?
greater than 0.150 m, what is the maximum value that v can have? horizontal surface? b) How much work does the
0? friction on the package as it slides across the arc
circular between A and B?

62. A block of 2.00 kg is pushed against a spring

with negligible mass and constant force k = 400 N/
m, compressing it by 0.220 m. When the block is released, 65. A perforated ball slides without friction.
moves over a frictionless surface that first is around a loop (figure). The little ball is released from
horizontal and then rises to 37.0° (figure). a) What a height h = 3.50R. a) What is the speed of the ball?
speed has the block as it slides over the surface at point A? b) How big is the normal force?
horizontal after separating from the spring? b) What About the small ball, if its mass is 5.00 g?
How high does the block reach before stopping and returning?

A block with a mass of 0.50 kg is pushed against 66. A particle with mass m = 5.00 kg is released from
a horizontal spring of negligible mass, point A and slides on the frictionless track that is
compressing it 0.20 m (figure). Upon release, the block shown in the figure. Determine a) the speed of the
it moves 1.00 m on a horizontal table before particle at points B and C and b) the net work
stop. The spring constant is k = 100 N/m. inverted by the gravitational force as
Calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction μkbetween the the particle moves from A to C.
block and the table.

64. At a truck loading station of an office

Physics Teacher
Jesus Daniel Arias Hernandez
Department of Mathematics and Physics
 UNIVERSITY OF THE PLAINS
FACULTY OF BASIC SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS
Mechanical Physics
Reinforcement Workshop 5
67. An object of 1.00 kg slides to the right 69. The figure illustrates a ballistic pendulum. A
about a surface that has a coefficient of a 40 g ball is struck by a suspended mass of
kinetic friction of 0.250 (figure). The object has a 500 g. After the impact, the two masses rise.
speed of vi = 3.00 m/s when in contact with a a vertical distance of 45 mm. Calculate the speed
light spring that has a force constant of 50.0 from the combined masses immediately after the
N/m. The object comes to rest after the spring impact.
a distance d is compressed. In such a case, the object is
force to the left through the spring and with-
continued moving in that direction beyond the
unstretched position of the spring. In the end, the object arrives
at rest a distance D to the left of the spring not
stretched. Find a) the compression distance d, b)
the speed v at the unstretched position when the object
it moves to the left and c) the distance D where the
object comes to rest.
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Physics
UNIVERSITY WITH MODERN PHYSICS VOL I (Vol. 1).
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Bauer, W., & Westfall, G. D. (2011). Physics for engineering and

sciences. Vol. 1. McGraw-Hill Interamericana.

Serway, R. A., & Jewett, J. W. (2008). Physics for sciences and

engineering (Seventh ed., Vol. 1). CENGAGE Learning.

Tippens, P. E., Orozco, J. H. C., & Ruiz, Á. C. G. (2007).

Physics: Concepts and Applications (No. Sirsi)
i9789701035146). McGraw-Hill Interamericana.

Resnick, R., Halliday, D., & Krane, K. S. (2002). Physics,

Volume I. Continental Publishing.
68. A block of 10.0 kg is released from point A at
the figure. The track has no friction except for the Tipler, P. A., & Mosca, G. (2004). Physics for Science and the
portion between points B and C, which has a length technology. I (Vol. 1). Reverté.
of 6.00 m. The block travels along the track, hits a
spring with a force constant of 2250 N/m and Giancoli, D., Physics for Science and Engineering, Vol. 1, 6th
Ed. (Editorial Pearson, Mexico, 2008).
compress the spring 0.300 m from its position of
equilibrium before temporarily reaching rest. Wilson, J. D., & Buffa, A. J. (2002). Física. Pearson
Determine the coefficient of kinetic friction between the Education.
block and the rough surface between B and C.
Alonso, M., & Finn, E. J. (1989). Physics, Vol. I: Mechanics.
Inter-American Educational Fund.

GARRIGÓS, J. E., MAESTRO, M. D. M. S., & López, I. Z.

(2012). Classical Mechanics. UNED Publishing.

Physics Teacher
Jesus Daniel Arias Hernandez
Department of Mathematics and Physics
 UNIVERSITY OF THE LLANOS
FACULTY OF BASIC SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS
Mechanical Physics
Reinforcement Workshop 5
Burbano, S. (2003). Física general. Editorial Tebar.

BUECHE, F., & HETCH, E. (2001). General Physics (Series

SCHAUM). McGraw Hill Editorial.

Kittel, C., & Knight, W. D. (1996).Mecánica(Vol. 1).

Reverted.

Hewitt, P. G. (2002). Conceptual physics. Pearson

Education.

Physics Teacher
Jesus Daniel Arias Hernandez
Department of Mathematics and Physics