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Apple Tree: Types, Benefits, and Care

The document describes the characteristics, properties, and types of the apple. It explains that the apple is a fruit produced by the apple tree, a tree from the Rosaceae family. It details various types of apples, the nutritional properties and benefits of the apple, as well as the characteristics and cultivation of the apple tree.

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3 views5 pages

Apple Tree: Types, Benefits, and Care

The document describes the characteristics, properties, and types of the apple. It explains that the apple is a fruit produced by the apple tree, a tree from the Rosaceae family. It details various types of apples, the nutritional properties and benefits of the apple, as well as the characteristics and cultivation of the apple tree.

Translated by

ScribdTranslations
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Apple

characteristics, properties and


types. Apple tree, its cultivation
forD. A. Polanco Zambrano. Biologist
19 octubre, 2017

Table of contents
Characteristics of the apple
Apples properties and benefits
Types of apples
Apple tree, leaves and flower
Apple tree cultivation
Consulted authors

Characteristics of the apple

The apple is a fruit produced by the apple tree, a tree.


belonging to the Rosaceae family. This fruit comes from a flower that
it has a lower compound ovary, unlike most of the
rosaceous plants that have superior ovaries.

The name 'apple' refers to the name originally given.


by Linnaeus, Pyrus malus (same genus as the pear although no longer
it belongs to him). Currently, the apples are grouped within the
Genus Malus. The species considered as apples are: Malus
common, Malus domestica, Malus pumila, Malus sylvestris. It has been made
mention of them since the time of the Romans, Greeks, and in mythology
they are often recognized as symbols of eternal youth.
References to apple cultivation are known from the year 300 BC.

The apple is a typical edible pomi, which shows remnants of calyx.


At the apex, the skin can show different colors from yellow,
up to orange or red and its size depends on the variety. The seeds
they are located inside the inferior ovary that is immersed in the pulp
from the fruit and has one or more seeds per segment.

Apples properties and benefits


The apple is very rich in nutrients and most of them are below.
from its skin, which makes it more convenient to eat it unpeeled. It has good
amounts of potassium, folic acid, vitamins (B, C, A). Furthermore, it is rich in
fiber and calcium.

Apple, characteristics, types, and properties


It is granted antibacterial properties due to the presence of
phloterin compound. In addition, the apple is used to fight against the
diarrhea. Its fiber helps with intestinal transit and the malic and tartaric acids
they improve digestion. They are also used as a remedy for pain
caused by rheumatism. Also for cleaning the gallbladder and the
liver.
Types of apples
There are many varieties and types of apples, such as:

Braeburn: A type of green apple, has red stripes, its flesh is crunchy.
and sweet but it is little resistant to diseases.

Calville Blanc d'Hiver: It is a very old variety, the fruit is of


medium size, pale green and in the sun it has red spots,
It is aromatic and has a sweet and spicy flavor, the meat is tender.

Cox's Orange Pippin: Medium-sized fruit, yellow and with red stripes
of good sweet and sour flavor, very susceptible to diseases.

Ellison's Orange: Medium variety, yellow with crimson stripes, flavor


sweet and sour.

Fortune (Laxton's Fortune): Sweet fruit, resistant to diseases.

Freyburg: Type of small apple with a light yellow color and


reddish hues, sweet flavor similar to anise.

Fuji: The fruit has late maturation, is sun-resistant, is large and


sweet.

Granny Smith: Green fruits, crispy flesh, sweet, susceptible to


black spots.

James Grieve: Medium-large yellow and crimson apple type, flesh


yellowish in color and quite juicy, soft.

Jonagold: Yellow fruit with red stripes, large, juicy, sweet and it is very
used in the kitchen.

Northern Spy: Large fruit, yellow with red stripes, flesh.


slightly yellow, crunchy. Not very resistant to diseases.

Rhode Island Greening: Large, firm, acidic apple, of color


green and yellow.
Roxbury Russet: Green fruit with a bit of brown, acidic flesh, very
used in desserts.

Sturmer Late Season: Type of greenish-yellow apple, dense,


crunchy, sour, and juicy.

Apple tree, leaves and flower

Apple tree, cultivation, leaves and flowers

The apple tree is a tree belonging to the Rosaceae family. In general,


these trees have a round crown and measure between 7 and 12 m although in
commercial crops reach between 2 and 5 m. The branches are angular and their
the bark is grayish brown at maturity.

They are quite long-lived trees. The leaves of the apple tree are deciduous.
elliptical and their margins are serrated, dark green on the upper side and
grayish on the underside. The texture is rough and quite thick. The flowers are
they are found in groups, have white and pink petals, delicate and
they are found in a number of five. They have numerous stamens, a
stigma that leads to the ovary, with five sections. These flowers are
pollinated by insects, primarilybees.

Apple tree cultivation


Apple trees grow very well in the sun; they are tolerant of moderate wind.
The apple tree is a tree that adapts well to varioustemperatures, to the
colder climates and to theclimatesmore temperate. They usually grow better in the
regions that have well-defined seasons although they are few
heat tolerant.

The apple tree needs to be in deep soils with good drainage.


margoso, although they are capable of growing in various types of soils, both
sandy as clayey. The best thing is for the soil pH to be neutral,
between 6 and 7. It is not common for them to be reproduced by seeds but
If it is carried out, it is advisable that they be subjected to cold stratification.
They can reproduce vegetatively by means of wooden cuttings.
old and elbows, which is the most used method, as it has many types of
rhizomes. The most commonly used patterns are: malling, malling-
merton and apple tree seedlings.

Apple trees are very susceptible to various diseases caused


formushroomsand they are very difficult to control, like the fungus of the
apple scab and the rot fungus. These diseases
presentes en el manzano pueden minimizarse podando abiertamente el
tree and discarding the apples, branches, and leaves that fall off.
In addition, apple trees are also affected by diseases.
bacterial like the fire blight. Animals like the scale insects,
mothsbeetlebronze, capsid insect, European red mite, the
caterpillars and aphids can also cause serious damage to the apple tree.

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