L&R INSTITUTE, KHANPUR

CLASSS 10 : BOARD PREPARATION SERIES Total Marks : 80

MATHS BY LALIT AGRAWAL

➤ Answer the following short questions. [2 Marks Each] [80]

1. Rationalize the denominator of 1

√7

Ans. : √7
1

We need to multiply the numerator and denominator by

1 – 1 √7 √7
√7, toget × =
√7 √7 √7 7

Therefore, we conclude that on rationalizing the denominator 1

√7
we get √7

2. Rationalise the denominator of 1

7+3 √2

Ans. : 1
= 1
×(
7−3 √2
) =
7−3 √2

49−18
=
7−3 √2

31
7+3 √2 7+3 √2 7−3 √2

3. Rationalise the denominator of 1

2+ √3

Ans. : (Rationalise the denominator)

2− √3

2+ √3
1
= 1

2+ √3
×
2− √3

=
2− √3

4−3
[using a2 - b2 = (a+b)(a-b)]
–
= 2 − √3

4. Rationalise the denominator of 1

√2

Ans. :
1
=
1
×
√2
(Rationalize the denominator)
√2 √2 √2

√2 – –
=
2
(since √2 ⋅ √2 = 2)
In this form, it is easy to locate 1
on the number line. It is halfway between 0 and
√2

–
√2

5. Rationalize the denominators of 1

√7−2

1
–
√7 − 2
–
1 √7 + 2
= – × –
√7 − 2 √7 + 2
Ans. : – –
√7 + 2 √7 + 2
= =
– 2 2 7−4
(√7) − (2)
–
√7 + 2
=
3

6. Rationalize the denominator of 1

√5 + √2

Page 1
 Ans. : 1

√5 + √2

multiply denominator and numerator by 1

√5 − √2

1 √5 − √2
= ×
√5 + √2 √5 − √2

√5 − √2 √5 − √2
= 2 2
=
5−2
(√5) −(√2)

√5 − √2
=
3

7. Simplify the following:

3 1
+
√8 √2

Ans. : 3 1 3 1 1 3 5 5 √2 5 √2
+ = + = ( + 1) = = × =
√8 √2 √4×2 √2 √2 2 2 √2 2 √2 √2 4

8. Rationalise the denominator of the following:

3 √5 + √3

√5 − √3

Ans. : Let E =
3 √5 + √3
For rationalising the denominator, multiplying numerator and
√5 − √3

denominator by
– –
√5 + √3

3 √5 + √3 √5 + √3 3 √5(√5+ √3)+ √3(√5+ √3)

2 2
E = × = 2 2
[Using identity, (a − b) (a+b) = a −b ]
√5 − √3 √5 + √3 (√5) −(√3)

15+3 √15+ √15+3 −−

= = 9 + 2√15
5−3

9. Rationalise the denominator of the following:

√6

√2 + √3

Ans. : Let For rationalising the denominator, multiplying numerator and

√6
E =
√2 + √3

denominator by
– –
√2 − √3

√6 √2 − √3 √6(√2− √3)
2 2
E = × = 2 2
[Using identity, (a − b) (a+b) = a −b ]
√2 + √3 √2 − √3 (√2) −(√3)

√6(√2− √3) √6(√2− √3) – – – −− −− −−−− −−−− – –

= = = √6(√3 − √2) = √18 − √12 = √9 × 2 − √4 × 3 = 3√2 − 2√3.
2−3 −1

10. Simplify:
7 √3 2 √5 3 √2
− − .
√10+ √3 √6 + √5 √15+3 √2

Ans.
7 √3 2 √5 3 √2
: √10+ √3
−
√6 + √5
−
√15+3 √2

7 √3 √10− √3 2 √5 √6 − √5 3 √2 √15−3 √2
= × − × − ×
√10+ √3 √10− √3 √6 + √5 √6 − √5 √15+3 √2 √15−3 √2

7 √3(√10− √3) 2 √5(√6− √5) 3 √2(√15−3 √2)

= − =
10−3 6−5 15−18

– −− – – – – – −− – −− −− −−
= √3(√10 − √3) − 2√5(√6 − √5) + √2(√15 − 3√2) = √30 − 3 − 2√30 + 10 + √30 − 6

−− −−
= 2√30 − 9 − 2√30 + 10 = 1

11. Rationalise the denominator of the following:

Page 2
 √3 + √2

√3 − √2

Ans. : Let For rationalising the denominator, multiplying numerator and

√3 + √2
E =
√3 − √2

–
denominator by
–
√3 + √2

2 2 2
√3 + √2 √3 + √2 (√3+ √2)
2
(√3) +(√2) +2 √3√2
2
E = × = 2 2
[Using identity, (a − b) (a+b) = a −b ]
√3 − √2 √3 + √2 3−2
(√3) +(√2)

2 2 2 – –
[Using identity, (a+b) = a +b + 2ab] 3 + 2 + 2√6 = 5 + 2√6

12. Simplify:
1 2 1
+ +
2+ √3 √5 − √3 2− √5

Ans. : We know that rationalization factor for and are

– – – –
2 + √3, √5 − √3, 2 − √5

and respectively. We will multiply numerator and

– – – –
2 − √3, √5 + √3 2 + √5

denominator of the given expression and by and

1 2 1 – – –
, 2 − √3. √5 + √3
2+ √3 √5 − √3 2− √5

respectively, to get
– 1
2− √3
2
√5 + √3
1
2+ √5
2 + √5 × + × + ×
2+ √3 2− √3 √5 − √3 √5 + √3 2− √5 2+ √5

2− √3 2 √5+2 √3 2− √5
= 2
+ 2 2
+ 2
2 2
(2 ) −( √3) ( √5) −( √3) (2 ) −( √5)

2− √3 2 √5+2 √3 2+ √5 2− √3 2 √5+2 √3 2+ √5 – – – –
= + + = + + = 2 − √3 + √5 + √3 − √5 − 2 = 0
1 5−3 4−5 1 2 −1

Hence the given expression is simplified to 0.

13. Express each one of the following with rational denominator:
3 √2+1

2 √5−3

Ans. : Rationalizing the denominator by multiplying both numerator and

3 √2+1

2 √5−3

denominator with the rationalizing factor As we know,

– (3 √2+1)×(2 √5−3)
2√5 − 3 =
(2 √5−3)(2 √5−3)

2 6 √10−9 √2+2 √5−3 6 √10−9 √2+2 √5−3

2
(a + b)(a − b) = (a −b ) = =
(20−9) 11

14. Express each one of the following with rational denominator:

6−4 √2

6+4 √2

Ans. : 6−4 √2

6+4 √2
Rationalizing the denominator by multiplying both numerator and

denominator with the rationalizing factor As we know,

– (6−4 √2)(6−4 √2)
6 − 4√2 =
(6+4 √2)(6−4 √2)

As we know,
2 (6−4 √2) 2
2 2 2
(a + b)(a − b) = (a −b ) (a − b) = (a −2×a×b+b )
36−32

36−48 √2+32 68−48 √2 4(17−12 √2) –

= = = = 17 − 12√2
4 4 4

15. Rationales the denominator and simplify:

√3 − √2

√3 + √2

Page 3
 Ans. : √3 − √2
Rationalizing the denominator by multiplying both numerator and
√3 + √2

( √3− √2)( √3− √2)

denominator with the rationalizing factor As we know,

– –
√3 − √2 =
( √3+ √2)( √3− √2)

( √3 − √2 )

(a − b)(a − b) = (a
2 2
−b ) =
3−2
As we know, (a − b)
2 2
= (a −2×a×b+b )
2

3−2 √3√2+2 –
= = 5 − 2√6
1

16. Express each one of the following with rational denominator:

√3+1

2 √2 − √3

Ans. : Rationalizing the denominator by multiplying both numerator and

√3+1

2 √2 − √3

denominator with the rationalizing factor As we know,

– – (√3+1)(2 √2+ √3)
2√2 + √3 =
(2 √2+ √3)(2 √2− √3)

(2 √6+3+2 √2+ √3) (2 √6+3+2 √2+ √3)

2 2
(a + b)(a − b) = (a −b ) = =
8−3 5

17. Express each one of the following with rational denominator:

1

2 √5 − √3

Ans. : 1

2 √5 − √3
Rationalizing the denominator by multiplying both numerator and

denominator with the rationalizing factor As we know,

– – 2 √5 + √3
2√5 + √3 =
(2 √5− √3)(2 √5+ √3)

2 2 √5 + √3 2 √5 + √3
2
(a + b)(a − b) = (a −b ) = =
20−3 17

18. Express each one of the following with rational denominator:

1

3+ √2

Ans. : 1
Rationalizing the denominator by multiplying both numerator and
3+ √2

denominator with the rationalizing factor As we know,

– 3− √2
3 − √2 =
(3+ √2)(3− √2)

2 2 3− √2 3− √2
(a + b)(a − b) = (a −b ) = =
9−2 7

19. Retionalise the denominator of each of the following:

√2 + √5

√3

Ans. : We know that rationalization factor for 1

√a
is –
√a. we will multiply numerator

and denominator of the given expression by to get

√2 + √5 –
√3,
√3

Hence the given expression is simplified to

√2 + √5 √3 √2 × √3 + √5 × √3 √6+ √15
× = =
√3 √3 √3 × √3 3

√6+ √15
.
3

20. Write the reciprocal of –

5 + √2 .

Ans. :
5− √2

23

Page 4
21. Simplify:
3 √2−2 √3 √12
+
3 √2+2 √3 √3 − √2

Ans. : We know that rationalization factor for and are

– – – –
3√2 + 2√3 √3 − √2

and respectively. We will multiply numerator and denominator

– – – –
3√2 − 2√3 √3 + √2

of the given expression and by and

3 √2−2 √3 √12 – –
3√2 − 2√3,
3 √2+2 √3 √3 − √2

respectively. to get
– – 3 √2−2 √3 3 √2−2 √3 √12 √3 + √2
√3 + √2 × + ×
3 √2+2 √3 3 √2−2 √3 √3 − √2 √3 + √2

2 2

(3 √2) +(2 √3) −2×3 √2×2 √3

√36+ √24
= 2 2
+ 2 2

(3 √2) −(2 √3) ( √3) −( √2)

=
18+12−12 √6

18−12
+
6+ √24

3−2
=
30−12 √6+36+12 √6

6
=
66

6
= 11 Hence the given expression is
simplified to 11.
22. Rationales the denominator and simplify:
1+ √2

3−2 √2

Ans. : 1+ √2
Rationalizing the denominator by multiplying both numerator and
3−2 √2

(1+ √2)(3+2 √2)

denominator with the rationalizing factor As we know,

–
3 + 2√2 =
(3−2 √2)(3+2 √2)

(1+ √2)(3+2 √2)

2 2
– – –
(a − b)(a − b) = (a −b ) = = 3 + 2√2 + 3√2 + 4 = 7 + 5√2
9−8

23. Simplify:
√5 + √3 √5 − √3
+
√5 − √3 √5 + √3

Ans. : We know that rationalization factor for and are

– – – –
√5 − √3 √5 + √3

and respectively. We will multiply numerator and denominator of

– – – –
√5 + √3 √5 − √3

the given expression and by and respectively, to get

√5 + √3 √5 − √3 – – – –
√5 + √3 √5 + √3
√5 − √3 √5 + √3

√5 + √3 √5 + √3 √5 − √3 √5 − √3 5+3+2 √15 5+3−2 √15

× + × = +
√5 − √3 √5 + √3 √5 + √3 √5 − √3 5−3 5−3

2 2 2 2

( √5) +( √3) +2× √5× √3 ( √5) +( √3) −2× √5× √3

= 2 2
+ 2 2

( √5) −( √3) ( √5) −( √3)

Hence the given expression is simplified to 8.

5+3+2 √15+5+3−2 √15 16
= = = 8
2 2

24. Rationales the denominator and simplify:

4 √3+5 √2

√48+ √18

Page 5
 Ans. : 4 √3+5 √2

√48+ √18
Rationalizing the denominator by multiplying both numerator and

(4 √3+5 √2)( √48− √18)

denominator with the rationalizing factor As we

−− −−
√48 − √18 =
( √48+ √18)( √48− √18)

(4 √3+5 √2)( √48− √18)

know, 2 48−12 √6+20 √6−30 18+8 √6

2
(a + b)(a − b) = (a −b ) = = =
48−18 30 30

9+4 √6
=
15

25. Express each one of the following with rational denominator:

16

√41−5

Ans. : 16

√41−5
Rationalizing the denominator by multiplying both numerator and
−−
denominator with the rationalizing factor As we know,
16×(√41+5)
√41 + 5 =
(√41−5)(√41+5)

2 2 16 √41 16 √41+80 16(√41+5) −−

(a + b)(a − b) = (a −b ) = = = = √41 + 5
41−5 16 16

26. Rationales the denominator and simplify:

2 √3 − √5

2 √2+3 √3

Ans. : Rationalizing the denominator by multiplying both numerator and

2 √3 − √5

2 √2+3 √3

(2 √3+ √5)(2 √2−3 √3)

–
denominator with the rationalizing factor
–
2√2 − 3√3 =
(2 √2+3 √3)(2 √2−3 √3)

(2 √3+ √5)(2 √2−3 √3) (4 √6−2 √10)−18+3 √15

18−4 √6+2 √10−3 √15
= = =
8−27 30 19

27. Rationales the denominator and simplify:

5+2 √3

7+4 √3

Ans. : Rationalizing the denominator by multiplying both numerator and

5+2 √3

7+4 √3

(5+2 √3)( √3− √2)

denominator with the rationalizing factor As we know,

–
7 − 4√3 =
( √3+ √2)( √3− √2)

(5+2 √3) (7−4 √3)

2 2 – – –
(a + b)(a − b) = (a −b ) = = 35 − 20√3 + 14√3 − 24 = 11 − 6√3
49−48

28. Express each one of the following with rational denominator:

30

5 √3−3 √5

Ans. : 30

5 √3−3 √5
Rationalizing the denominator by multiplying both numerator and
denominator with the rationalizing factor
– –
5√3 + 3√5

As we know
30×(5 √3+3 √5) 2 30×(5 √3+3 √5) 30×(5 √3+3 √5)
= ​​
∵ ( a + b)(a − b) = a
2
−b =
75−45
=
30
(5 √3−3 √5)(5 √3+3 √5)

– –
= 5√3 + 3√5
29. Rationales the denominator and simplify:
2 √6 − √5

3 √5−2 √6

Ans. : Rationalizing the denominator by multiplying both numerator and

2 √6 − √5

3 √5−2 √6

(2 √6− √5)(3 √5+2 √6)

denominator with the rationalizing factor As we

– –
3√5 + 2√6 =
(3 √5−2 √6)(3 √5+2 √6)

(2 √6− √5)(3 √5+2 √6) (2 √6− √5)(3 √5+2 √6)

know, (a − b)(a − b) = (a
2
−b )
2
=
45−24
=
21

6 √30+24−15−2 √30 4 √30+9

= =
21 21

30. Simplify:
2 1 3
+ −
√5 + √3 √3 + √2 √5 + √2

Ans. : We know that rationalization factor for and are

– – – – – –
√5 + √3, √3 + √2, √5 + √2

and respectively. We will multiply numerator and

– – – – – –
√5 + √3, √3 − √2 √5 − √2

denominator of the given expression and by

2 1 3
–
, 2 − √3,
√5 + √3 √3 + √2 √5 + √2

and respectively, to get

– – –
√5 + √3 2 + √5

2 √5 − √3 1 √3 − √2 3 √5 − √2
× + × − ×
√5 + √2 √5 − √3 √3 + √2 √3 − √2 √5 + √2 √5 − √2

2 √5−2 √3 √3 − √2 3 √5−3 √2
= + −
5−3 3−2 5−2

Hence the given

2 √5−2 √3 √3 − √2 3 √5−3 √2 – – – – – –
= + − = √5 − √3 + √3 − √2 − √5 + √2 = 0
2 1 3

expression is simplified to 0.
31. Rationalise the denominator of the following:
1

√7 − √6

Ans. : 1 1
√7 + √6 √7 + √6 √7 + √6 – –
= × = 2 2
= = √7 + √6
√7 − √6 √7 − √6 √7 + √6 7−6
( √7) −( √6)

32. Rationalise the denominator of the following:

1

√5−2

Ans. : If a and b are integers, then and are rationalising factor of

−
− −
−
(a + √b ) (a − √b )

each other, as which is rational. Therefore, we have,

−
− −
− 2
​​
(a + √b ) (a − √b ) = (a − b), ​​

1 1 √5+2 √5+2 √5+2 √5+2 –

= = × = 2
= = = √5 + 2
√5−2 √5+2 5−4 1
2
( √5−2) ( √5) −(2 )

33. Rationalise 1
.
√3 + √2

–
Ans. : 1 1 √3 − √2 √3 − √2 √3 − √2 –
= × = 2 2
= = √3 − √2
√3 + √2 √3 + √2 √3 − √2 3−2
( √3) −( √2)

34. Rationalise the denominator of the following:

4

√11− √7
 4( √11+ √7) 4( √11+ √7) 4( √11+ √7)

Ans. : 4 4
√11+ √7 −− –
= × = 2 2
= = = √11 + √7
√11− √7 √11− √7 √11+ √7 11−7 4
( √11) −( √7)

35. Rationalise the denominator of the following:

1+ √2

2− √2

(1+ √2)(2+ √2) 1×2+ √2+2 √2+( √2)

Ans. :
1+ √2 1+ √2 2+ √2 2+3 √2+2 4+3 √2
= × = 2
= = =
2− √2 2− √2 2+ √2 2 4−2 2 2
(2 ) −( √2)

36. Rationalise the denominator of the following:

1

2+ √3

−
− −
−
Ans. : If a and b are integers, then (a + √b ) and (a − √b ) are rationalising factor of
−
− −
−
each other, as ​​ 2
(a + √b ) (a − √b ) = (a − b), ​​ which is rational. Therefore, we have,
1 1 2− √3 2− √3 2− √3 2− √3 –
= = × = 2
= = = 2 − √3
2+ √3 2− √3 2 4−3 1
(2+ √3) (2 ) −( √3)

37. Rationalise the denominator of the following:

1

5+3 √2

Ans. : If a and b are integers and x is a natural number, then −

(a + b√x ) and
−
(a − b√x ) are rationalising factor of each other, as
− −
​​ 2 2
(a + b√x ) (a − b√x ) = (a − b x), ​​ which is rational. Therefore, we have,
1 1 5−3 √2 5−3 √2 5−3 √2 5−3 √2
= = × = 2
= = ( )
5+3 √2 5−3 √2 2 25−18 7
(5+3 √2)
(5 ) −(3 √2)

38. Rationalise the denominator of the following:

3−2 √2

3+2 √2

2 2
2
(3−2 √2) (3 ) −2×3+2 √2+(2 √2)

Ans. :
3−2 √2 3−2 √2 3−2 √2 9−12 √2+8 17−12 √2
= × = 2
= = =
3+2 √2 3+2 √2 3−2 √2 2 9−4×2 9−8 1
(3 ) −(2 √2)

–
= 17 − 12√2

39. Simplify by rationalising the denominator:

2 √6 − √5

3 √5−2 √6

2 √6×3 √5+(2 √6) − √5×3 √5− √5×2 √6

Ans. : 2 √6 − √5

3 √5−2 √6
=
2 √6 − √5

3 √5−2 √6
×
3 √5+2 √6

3 √5+2 √6
= 2 2
=
6 √30+24−15−2 √30

45−24
(3 √5) −(2 √6)

4 √30+9
=
21

40. Simplify:
1 2 3
− −
√3 + √2 √5 − √3 √2 − √5
Ans. : √3 + √2 √5 + √3 √2 + √5
1 2 3 1 2 3
− − = × − × − ×
√3 + √2 √5 − √3 √2 − √5 √3 − √2 √3 + √2 √5 − √3 √5 + √3 √2 − √5 √2 + √5

2( √5+ √3) 3( √2+ √5) 2( √5+ √3) 3( √2+ √5)

√3 + √2 √3 + √2
= 2 2
− 2 2
− 2 2
= − −
3−2 5−3 2−5
( √3) −( √2) ( √5) −( √3) ( √2) −( √5)

2( √5+ √3) 3( √2+ √5)

√3 + √2 – – – – – –
= − − = (√3 + √2) − (√5 + √3) + (√2 + √5)
1 2 −3

– – – – – – –
= √3 + √2 − √5 − √3 + √2 + √5 = 2√2

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