1

DESIGN OF RETAINING WALLS TYPE 'M-2.50'

The cantilever reinforced concrete wall will serve as support for the platform of the road under construction, the
Characteristics of the materials, the foundation soil, fill material, and site conditions are as follows:

FOUNDATION SOIL WALL MATERIALS

g = 1,870.00 kg/m³ gC= 2,400.00 kg/m³

f= 28.3º Soil SC f 'c = 240.00 kg/cm2
C= 0.05 kg/cm2 fy= 4,200.00 kg/cm2
su = 1.51 kg/cm2

FILLING SOIL SITE CONDITIONS

g = 1,940.00 kg/m³ H = 2.50 m Height of the Wall
f= 34º (Filler) µ= 0.60 Coefficient of Friction
s/c = 1,164.00 kg/m2 Vehicle Overload

1.- PRE-DIMENSIONING

The pre-dimensioning of the cantilever retaining walls is done based on the Height 'H' of the wall, to then be
stability verified by overturning, sliding, and slope stability.

H= 2.50 m
s/c
C= .25
Predimensioning We Have: NOTE:

B= 1.50 m B = (0.5 - 0.7) H

c= 0.25 m H-e e ≥ 0.1 H
H
e= 0.35 m C ≥ 25 cm
P= 0.40 m P F T B/4 < P < B/3
F= 0.30 m F ≥ H/10
e
T= 0.80 m T = ( B-P-F)
B

2.- WALL STABILITY CHECK

A. ACTIVE PUSH Ws
W
The specific weight and the angle of friction is
of the filling material

W3 W4

k a= 0.28 O s/c
FILLING
E a= 1,713.96 kg/m And a
H/3 = 0.83 m
In 2 H/2
H/3
W1
O

B. OVERLOAD PUSH

The effect of the overload in the fill produces a similar effect to that generated by an increase in 'Hs', the fill height.
the equivalent vehicular overload is 60 cm. (AASHTO 2002)

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WSC = kg/m2 Vehicle Overload

Equivalent Fill Height to the

HS= 0.60 m Vehicle overload

WSC = 1,164.00 kg/m2

Es= 822.70 kg/m
H/2 = 1.25 m

C. RESISTANT FORCES AND MOMENTS

AREA STRENGTH ARM MOMENT

SECTION
(m2) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)
W1 0.53 1,260.00 0.75 945.00
W2 0.05 129.00 0.43 55.90
W3 0.54 1,290.00 0.58 741.75
W4 1.72 3,336.80 1.10 3,670.48
Ws 931.20 1.10 1,024.32
TOTAL 6,947.00 6,437.45
Where:
WS= WSCx T Weight of the Vehicle Overload

D. FORCES AND ACTING MOMENTS

STRENGTH ARM MOMENT

EFFECT
(kg) (m) (Kg.m)
Ea 1,713.96 0.83 1,428.30
It is 822.70 1.25 1,028.38
TOTAL 2,536.66 2,456.67

E. SECURITY FACTORS

a. SAFETY FACTOR AGAINST TIPPING

MR
2 6,437.45 = 2.62 OK
MA 2,456.67

b. SLIDE SAFETY FACTOR

FR 4,168.20 = 1.64 OK
1.5
FA 2,536.66

F. ECCENTRICITY OF THE RESULTANT FORCE

For compression to exist throughout the base, the eccentricity must be less than one-sixth of the base of the wall.

M M
Xr = A R
FR

ex= 0.18 m B = 0.25 m OK

6

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G. CONTACT PRESSURE WALL-FOUNDATION SOIL:For andx< B/6.

Fv 6 ex Donde : Fv = FR C
s=max 1
B B
It is
s max = 7,909.93 kg/m2 = 0.79 kg/cm2 H'
Ea

H'/2
H'/3
Fv 6 ex
s=
min
1 O

B B F

smin
smax
smin = 1,352.73 kg/m2 = 0.14 kg/cm2 ex
Rv

2.- DESIGN OF THE REINFORCEMENT

A. DESIGN OF THE VERTICAL SCREEN FRAME

C
The vertical screen behaves like a coin tossed under horizontal pressure.
that the earth and the overload exert. The resulting bending moments originate
traction on the inner face in contact with the ground, which must be reinforced
with steel.
It is
H'
1,267.64 kg Here
Ea'=
H'/3 = 0.72 m H'/2
H'/3

Es'= 707.52 kg O

1.08 m F
H'/2 =

The moment at the bottom of the screen is:

This H ' E s ' H '

M u= 1.6 (  )
3 2
Where:
F.A = 1.6 ( Amplification Factor for Static Earth Pressures and Live Loads - ACI )

Mu = 2,670.50 kg.m

Where:
b= 100.00 cm
d= 24.00 cm

By means of the two bending equations, we find the area of steel.

As= 2.99 cm2

Checking the minimum steel area of the wall:

Asmin= 0.0018 b F (Minimum steel area for vertical reinforcement)

REINFORCEMENTAMOUNT b F As min
(cm) (cm) ( cm2) As min As
Vertical 0.0018 100.00 30.00 5.40
So:

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As= 5.40 cm2

SPOON Ais varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

4 1.267 5.00 0.2 Var. # 4@ 0.2m

Minimum steel area of the wall for the Horizontal Reinforcement for the Screen:

Asmin= 0.002 b f (Minimum steel area for horizontal reinforcement)

REINFORCEMENTAMOUNT B F As varll
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)

Superior 0.002 100.00 27.5 5.50

Inferior 0.002 100.00 30.00 6.00

The horizontal reinforcement at the top of the wall will be less than at the bottom and will be distributed in two layers; the
interior with 2/3 of the calculated steel and the exterior with the rest.

HORIZONTAL SUPERIOR REINFORCEMENT:

CAPA HEIGHT
As
( cm2)

Interior [Link]/3 3.67

Exterior Asup/3 1.83

MARSHMALLOWAs waste CANT @

CAPA DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

Interior 3 0.713 6.00 0.175 Var. # 3@ 0.175m

Exterior 3 0.713 3.00 0.30 Var. # 3@ 0.3m

HORIZONTAL LOWER REINFORCEMENT:

CAPA HEIGHT
As
( cm2)

Interior [Link] /3 4.00

Exterior Ainf/3 2.00

BAR As varll CANT @

CAPA DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

Interior 3 0.713 6.00 0.175 Var. # 3@ 0.175m

Exterior 3 0.713 3.00 0.30 Var. # 3@ 0.3m

B. DESIGN OF THE HEEL ARMATURE

At the heel of the base of the wall, the vertical load downward predominates, corresponding to the sum of the weight of the fill,
weight of the wall and the weight of the overload, acting upwards the weight the reaction of the ground, the bending moments
resulting in traction on the upper fiber.

Determination of the maximum shear and bending stresses at the base of the heel for one meter of wall

Forces Downward: Wpp (self-weight of the wall), Wr (Weight of the fill), Ws (Weight of the overload)

TALON Height g WEIGHT ARM MOMENT

LOAD
(m) (m) (kg/ m3) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)

Wpp 0.80 0.35 2,400.00 672.00 0.40 268.80

Wr 0.80 2.15 1,940.00 3,336.80 0.40 1,334.72
Ws 0.80 0.60 1,940.00 931.20 0.40 372.48
TOTAL 4,940.00 1,976.00

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Forces upwards: Rs (Reaction of the ground)

TALON smax o smin WEIGHT ARM MOMENT

LOAD
(m) (kg/cm2) (kg/cm2) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)
Rs1 0.80 0.35 0.00 1,398.87 0.27 373.03
Rs2 0.80 0.14 1,082.19 0.40 432.87
TOTAL 2,481.06 805.91

Resultant Shear Force at the Heel V1-1

V1-1 = 2,458.94 kg Downwards

Moment Regarding Section 1-1

T
1

M1-1 = 1,170.09 kg.m (Clockwise)

TALON
1
smin
smax
M U
= 1.6 M 11
Rs2

M u= 1,872.15 kg.m

Where:
b= 100.00 cm
d= 29.00 cm

Using the two bending equations, we find the area of steel:

As= 1.83 cm2

Checking the minimum steel area of the wall:

Asmin= 0.0018 b e (Minimum steel area)

REINFORCEMENTAmount b e As min
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)
As min As
Vertical 0.0018 100.00 35.00 6.30
So:

As= 6.30 cm2

VARILLA As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

4 1.267 5.00 0.2 Var. # 4@ 0.2m

Shear Verification:

VR V U
Resistant Cutter ( VR)

V R= 0.53 (f) bW d Where: b= 100.00 cm

d= 29.00 cm
VR= 23,811.10 kg

Last Cutter (Vu)

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VU= 1.6 VA

VR= 3,934.31 kg OK

C. DESIGN OF THE TIP ARMATURE

the tip of the base of the wall behaves like a cantilever subjected to a pressure or an upward vertical load
corresponding to the ground reaction and the self-weight acting downwards, with the ground reaction predominating in this case
on the ground, the resulting bending moments create tension in the lower fiber.

Determination of the maximum shear and bending stresses at the base of the tip for one linear meter of wall

Forces Downwards: Wpp (self-weight of the wall)

TIP Height g WEIGHT ARM MOMENT

LOAD
(m) (m) (kg/ m3) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)

Wpp 0.40 0.35 2,400.00 336.00 0.20 67.20

TOTAL 336.00 67.20
Forces Upward: Rs (Ground Reaction)

Talon smax o smin WEIGHT ARM MOMENT

LOAD
(m) (kg/ cm2) (kg/cm2) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)
Rs1 0.40 0.17 0.00 349.72 0.27 93.26
Rs2 0.40 0.62 2,464.54 0.20 492.91
TOTAL 2,814.26 586.17

C
Resultant Shear Force at the Heel V1-1

V2-2 = -2,478.26 kg (Upwards)

Moment Regarding Section 1-1

M2-2 = -518.97 kg.m (Clockwise) P

2

TIP e

M = 1.6 M
2
sm
U 11 smax
Rs2

M u= 830.35 kg.m Rs1

Where:
b= 100.00 cm
d= 27.50 cm

Using the two bending equations, we find the steel area:

As= 0.80 cm2

Checking the minimum steel area of the wall:

Asmin= 0.0018 b e Minimum steel area

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REINFORCEMENTAMOUNT b e As min
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)

Vertical 0.0018 100.00 35.00 6.30

As min As
So:

As= 6:30 cm2

WAND As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

4 1.267 5.00 0.2 Var. # 4@ 0.2m

Shear Verification:

VR V U
Resistant Cutter ( VR)

V R= 0.53 (f') bW d Where: b= 100.00 cm

d= 29.00 cm
VR= 23,811.10 kg

Last Cutter ( Vu)

VU= 1.6 VA

VR= 3,965.21 kg OK

D. STEEL FOR RETRACTION AND TEMPERATURE:

PARA LA PANTALLA

Asmin= 0.0015 b d
REINFORCEMENTAMOUNT b d As min
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)

Vertical 0.0015 100.00 24.00 3.60

So:

As= 3.60 cm2

VARILLA As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

3 0.713 6.00 0.175 Var. # 3@ 0.175m

FOR THE HEEL AND THE TIP

Asmnimum= 0.0015 b d
REINFORCEMENTAMOUNT b d As min
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)

Vertical 0.0015 100.00 29.00 4.35

So:

As= 4.35 cm2

SPOON As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

3 0.713 7.00 0.15 Var. # 3@ 0.15m

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DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE WALLS TYPE 'M-4.50'

The cantilevered reinforced concrete wall will serve as support for the platform of the road under construction.
Characteristics of the materials, foundation soil, fill material, and site conditions are as follows:

FOUNDATION SOIL WALL MATERIALS

g = 1,870.00 kg/m³ g C= 2,400.00 kg/m³

f= 28.3º (Soil SC) f 'c = 240.00 kg/cm2
C= 0.05 kg/cm2 fy= 4,200.00 kg/cm2
su= 1.51 kg/cm2

FILL SOIL SITE CONDITIONS

g = 1,940.00 kg/m³ H = 4.50 m Height of the Wall
f= 34º (Filling) µ= 0.60 Coefficient of Friction
s/c = 1,164.00 kg/m2 Vehicle Overload

1.- PRE-DIMENSIONING

The pre-dimensioning of the cantilever retaining walls is done based on the height 'H' of the wall, to then be
stability verified by overturning, sliding, and slope stability.

H= 4.50 m
s/c
C.25
Predimensioning We Have: NOTE:

B= 2.50 m B = (0.5 - 0.7) H

c= 0.25 m H-e e ≥ 0.1 H
H
e= 0.50 m C ≥ 25 cm
P= 0.60 m P F T B/4 < P < B/3
F= 0.45 m F ≥ H/10
e
T= 1.45 m T = ( B-P-F)
B

2. WALL STABILITY CHECK

A. ACTIVE PUSH Ws
W
The specific weight and the angle of friction is
of the filling material

In 3 In 4

ka= 0.28 E s/c

FILLING
Ea= 5,553.23 kg/m And a
H/3 = 1.50 m
W2 H/2
H/3
W1

B. OVERLOAD PUSH

The effect of the overload on the fill produces an effect similar to that generated by an increase in 'Hs', the Height of the fill.
The equivalent vehicle overload is 60 cm. (AASHTO 2002)

WSC = kg/m2 (Vehicle Overload)

Equivalent Fill Height to the

HS = 0.60 m Vehicle overload

WSC = 1,164.00 kg/m2

Es= 1,480.86 kg/m
H/2 = 2.25 m

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C. RESISTANT FORCES AND MOMENTS

AREA STRENGTH ARM MOMENT

SECTION
(m2) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)
W1 1.25 3,000.00 1.25 3,750.00
W2 0.40 960.00 0.73 704.00
W3 1.00 2,400.00 0.93 2,220.00
W4 5.80 11,252.00 1.78 19,972.30
Ws 1,687.80 1.78 2,995.85
TOTAL 19,299.80 29,642.15
Where:
WS = WSCx T Vehicle Overload Weight

D. FORCES AND ACTING MOMENTS

FORCE ARM MOMENT

EFFECT
(kg) (m) (Kg.m)
Ea 5,553.23 1.50 8,329.84
It is 1,480.86 2.25 3,331.94
TOTAL 7,034.09 11,661.78

E. SAFETY FACTORS

a. SAFETY FACTOR AGAINST ROLLING OVER

MR
2 29,642.15 = 2.54 OK
MA 11,661.78

b. SLIDING SAFETY FACTOR

FR 11,579.88 = 1.65 OK
1.5
FA 7,034.09

F. ECCENTRICITY OF THE RESULTANT FORCE

To ensure compression throughout the base, the eccentricity must be less than one sixth of the wall base.

M M
Xr = A R
FR

ex= 0.32 m B = 0.42 m OK

6
For andx< B/6.
G. CONTACT PRESSURE WALL-FOUNDATION SOIL:

Fv 6 e Where: Fv = FR C

smax = 1 x
B B
It is
H'
Ea'
smax = 13,618.53 kg/m2 = 1.36 kg/cm2
H'/2
H'/3

Fv 6 ex O

smin = 1 F

B B smin
smax
ex
smin = 1,821.31 kg/m2 = 0.18 kg/cm2 Rv

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2.- DESIGN OF THE REINFORCEMENT

A. DESIGN OF THE VERTICAL SCREEN FRAME

C
The vertical screen behaves like a coin tossed under horizontal pressure.
that the earth and the overload exert. The resulting bending moments originate
traction on the inner face in contact with the ground, which must be reinforced
with steel.
It is
H'
For: H´ = 4.00 m Hey

H'/2
Ea'= 4,387.74 kg H'/3

H'/3 = 1.33 m O
F

Es'= 1,316.32 kg
H'/2 = 2.00 m

The moment at the bottom of the screen is:

Ea' H ' E s ' H '

M u= 1.6 (  )
3 2
Where :
F.A = 1.6 Amplification Factor for Static Earth Pressures and Live Loads - ACI

Mu= 13,572.73 kg.m

Where:
b= 100.00 cm
d= 39.00 cm

Using the two bending equations, we find the steel area.

A s= 9.44 cm2

Checking the minimum steel area of the wall:

(Minimum steel area for vertical reinforcement)

Asmin= 0.0018 b F

REINFORCEMENTAmount b F As min
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)
Asmin As
Vertical 0.0018 100.00 45.00 8.10
So:

A s= 9.44 cm2

MOLD As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

6 2.85 4.00 0.3 Var. # 6@ 0.3m

The following table shows Steel Area Values for different 'y' Values

y Mult F(y) D (y) As min As req

(m) ( Kg. m) (cm) (cm) ( cm2/ml) ( cm2/ml)

1 409.52 30.00 24.00 5.40 0.46

2 2,223.12 35.00 29.00 6.30 2.04
3 6,318.34 40.00 34.00 7.20 5.00
3.5 9,495.79 42.50 36.50 7.65 7.7
4 13,572.73 45.00 39.00 8.10 9.44

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C
As min As req
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
It is 6.0
5.0
y Ea' 4.0
3.0
y/2 2.0
y/3 1.0
0.0
O 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
F DISTANCIA - Y (m)

For Y = 3.00 m

As = 7.20 cm2

STICK As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

6 2.85 3.00 0.30 Var. # 6@ 0.3m

Minimum steel area of the wall for Horizontal Reinforcement for the Screen:

Asmin= 0.002 b f (Minimum steel area for horizontal reinforcement)

REINFORCEMENTAMOUNT B F As varll
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)

Superior 0.002 100.00 31.67 6.33

intermediate 0.002 100.00 35.00 7.00
Inferior 0.002 100.00 45.00 9.00

The horizontal reinforcement at the top of the wall will be less than at the bottom and will be distributed in two layers; the
interior with 2/3 of the calculated steel and the exterior with the rest.

HORIZONTAL SUPERIOR REINFORCEMENT:

CAPA HEIGHT
As
( cm2)

Interior [Link]/3 4.22

Exterior Asup/3 2.11

VARILLA As varll CANT @

CAPA DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

Interior 4 1.267 4.00 0.25 Var. # 4@ 0.25m

Exterior 3 0.713 3.00 0.30 Var. # 3@ 0.3m

INTERMEDIATE HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT:

CAPA HEIGHT
As
( cm2)

Interior [Link]/3 4.67

Exterior Aint/3 2.33

BATON As varll CANT @

CAPA DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

Interior 4 1.267 4.00 0.25 Var. # 4@ 0.25m

Exterior 3 0.713 4.00 0.25 Var. # 3@ 0.25m

HORIZONTAL LOWER REINFORCEMENT:

CAPA HEIGHT
As
( cm2)

Interior [Link]/3 6.00

Exterior Ainf /3 3.00

Spoon As varll CANT @

CAPA DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

Interior 4 1.267 5.00 0.20 Var. # 4@ 0.2m

Exterior 3 0.713 5.00 0.20 Var. # 3@ 0.2m

B. DESIGN OF THE HEEL ARMATURE

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On the heel of the base of the wall, the vertical load downwards predominates, corresponding to the sum of the weight of the backfill,
weight of the wall and the weight of the load, acting upwards the weight the reaction of the ground, the bending moments
resulting in traction on the upper fiber.

Determination of the maximum shear and bending demands at the base of the heel for one linear meter of wall

Forces Downwards: Wpp (own weight of the wall), Wr (Weight of the fill), Ws (Weight of the overload)

TALON Height g WEIGHT ARM MOMENT

LOAD
(m) (m) kg/m3) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)

Wpp 1.45 0.50 2,400.00 1,740.00 0.73 1,261.50

Wr 1.45 4.00 1,940.00 11,252.00 0.73 8,157.70
Ws 1.45 0.60 1,940.00 1,687.80 0.73 1,223.66
TOTAL 14,679.80 10,642.86
Forces upwards: Rs (Ground reaction)

TALON smax o smin WEIGHT ARM MOMENT

LOAD
(m) (kg/ cm2) (kg/ cm2) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)
Rs1 1.45 0.68 0.00 4,960.73 0.48 2,397.69
Rs2 1.45 0.18 2,640.90 0.73 1,914.65
TOTAL 7,601.63 4,312.34

Resultant Shear Force at the Heel V1-1

V1-1 = 7,078.17 kg (Downward)

Moment Regarding Section 1-1

T
1

M1-1 = 6,330.51 kg.m (Clockwise) TALON

1
smin
smax
M U
= 1.6 M 11
Rs2

Mu= 10,128.82 kg.m

Where:
b= 100.00 cm
d= 44.00 cm

Through the two bending equations, we find the area of steel:

As = 6.17 cm2

Checking the minimum steel area of the wall:

Asmin= 0.0018 b e (Minimum steel area)

REINFORCEMENTAMOUNT b e As min
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)
As min As
Vertical 0.0018 100.00 50.00 9.00
So:

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As = 9.00 cm2

VARILLA As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

6 2.85 4.00 0.25 Var. # 6@ 0.25m

Shear Verification:

VR V U
Resistant Cutter ( VR)

V R= 0.53 (f') bW d Where: b= 100.00 cm

d= 44.00 cm
VR= 36,127.19 kg

Last Cutter ( Vu)

VU= 1.6 VA

VR= 11,325.07 kg OK

C. DESIGN OF THE TIP FRAME

the tip of the base of the wall behaves like a cantilever subjected to a pressure or an upward vertical load
corresponding to the ground reaction and the self-weight acting downwards, with the ground reaction predominating in this case
ground, the resulting flexural moments create tension in the lower fiber.

Determination of shear and maximum bending forces at the base of the tip for one linear meter of wall

Forces Downward: Wpp (self-weight of the wall)

POINT Height g WEIGHT ARM MOMENT

LOAD
(m) (m) (kg/m3) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)

Wpp 0.60 0.50 2,400.00 720.00 0.30 216.00

TOTAL 720.00 216.00
Forces upwards: Rs (Soil reaction)

TALON smax o smin WEIGHT ARM MOMENT

LOAD
(m) (kg/cm2) (kg/ cm2) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)
Rs1 0.60 0.28 0.00 849.40 0.40 339.76
Rs2 0.60 1.08 6,472.32 0.30 1,941.70
TOTAL 7,321.72 2,281.46

C
Resultant Shear Force at the Heel V1-1

V2-2 = -6,601.72 kg (Upward)

Moment Regarding Section 1-1

M2-2 = -2,065.46 kg.m (Clockwise) P

2

POINT e

M = 1.6 M
2
sm
U 11 smax
Rs2

Mu= 3,304.73 kg.m Rs1

Where:
b= 100.00 cm
d= 42.50 cm

Through the two bending equations, we find the area of steel:

As = 2.10 cm2

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Checking the minimum steel area of the wall:

Asmin= 0.0018 b e (Minimum steel area)

REINFORCEMENTAMOUNT b e As min
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)
As min As
Vertical 0.0018 100.00 50.00 9.00
So:

As = 9.00 cm2

Stick As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

6 2.85 4.00 0.25 Var. # 6@ 0.25m

Shear Verification:

VR V U
Resistant Cutter ( VR)

V R= 0.53 (f') bW d Where: b= 100.00 cm

d= 44.00 cm
VR= 36,127.19 kg

Last Cutter ( Vu)

VU= 1.6 VA

VR= 10,562.75 kg OK

D. STEEL BY RETRACTION AND TEMPERATURE :

FOR THE SCREEN

Asmin= 0.0015 b d
REINFORCEMENTAMOUNT b d As min
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)

Vertical 0.0015 100.00 39.00 5.85

So:

A s= 5.85 cm2

VARILLA As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

5 1.979 3.00 0.3 Var. # 5@ 0.3m

FOR THE HEEL AND THE TOE

Asmin= 0.0015 b d
REINFORCEMENTAMOUNT b d As min
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)

Vertical 0.0015 100.00 44.00 6.60

So:

A s= 6.60 cm2

VARILLA As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

5 1.979 4.00 0.175 Var. # 5@ 0.175m

TECHNICAL OFFICE - CALCA IICARMATCVL CONSORTIUM

 15

DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE WALLS TYPE 'M-5.0'

The cantilevered reinforced concrete wall will serve as support for the platform of the highway under construction.
The characteristics of the materials, foundation soil, fill material, and site conditions are as follows:

FOUNDATION SOIL WALL MATERIALS

g = 1,870.00 kg/m³ gC= 2,400.00 kg/m³

f= 28.3º Soil SC f 'c = 240.00 kg/cm2
C= 0.05 kg/cm2 fy= 4,200.00 kg/cm2
s u= 1.51 kg/cm2

FILL SOIL SITE CONDITIONS

g = 1,940.00 kg/m³ H = 5.00 m Height of the Wall
f= 34 degrees
(Filler) µ= 0.60 Friction Coefficient
s/c = 1,164.00 kg/m2 Vehicle Overload

1.- PRE-DIMENSIONING

The pre-dimensioning of the cantilever retaining walls is done based on the Height "H" of the wall, to then be
Stability checked for overturning, sliding, and slope stability.

H= 5.00 m
s/c
C= .25
Predimensioning We Have: NOTE:

B= 2.80 m B = (0.5 - 0.7) H

c= 0.25 m H-e e ≥ 0.1 H
H
e= 0.50 m C ≥ 25 cm
P= 0.70 m P F T B/4 < P < B/3
F= 0.45 m F ≥ H/10
e
T= 1.65 m T = ( B-P-F)
B

2. STABILITY CHECK OF THE WALL

A. ACTIVE PUSH Ws
W
The specific weight and the angle of friction is
of the filling material

In 3 W4

k a= 0.28 E s/c
FILLING
Ea= 6,855.84 kg/m And the

H/3 = 1.67 m
In 2 H/2
H/3
W1

B. OVERLOAD THRUST

The effect of the overload on the fill produces a similar effect to that generated by an increase in 'Hs', the fill height.
the equivalent of vehicle overload is 60 cm. (AASHTO 2002)

WSC = kg/m2 Vehicle Overload

Equivalent Filling Height to the

HS = 0.60 m Vehicle overload

WSC = 1,164.00 kg/m2

Es = 1,645.40 kg/m
H/2 = 2.50 m

TECHNICAL OFFICE - CALCA IICARMATCVL CONSORTIUM

 16

C. RESISTANT FORCES AND MOMENTS

AREA STRENGTH ARM MOMENT

SECTION
(m2) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)
W1 1.40 3,360.00 1.40 4,704.00
W2 0.45 1,080.00 0.83 900.00
W3 1.13 2,700.00 1.03 2,767.50
W4 7.43 14,404.50 1.98 28,448.89
Ws 1,920.60 1.98 3,793.19
TOTAL 23,465.10 40,613.57
Where:
WS = WSCx T Weight of the Vehicle Overload

D. FORCES AND ACTING MOMENTS

STRENGTH ARM MOMENT

EFFECT
(kg) (m) (Kg.m)
Ea 6,855.84 1.67 11,426.39
It is 1,645.40 2.50 4,113.50
TOTAL 8,501.24 15,539.90

E. SAFETY FACTORS

a. SAFETY FACTOR AGAINST ROLLING

MR
2 40,613.57 = 2.61 OK
MA 15,539.90

b. SLIDING SAFETY FACTOR

FR 14,079.06 = 1.66 OK
1.5
FA 8,501.24

F. ECCENTRICITY OF THE RESULTANT FORCE

For there to be compression throughout the base, the eccentricity must be less than one sixth of the base of the wall.

M M
Xr = A R
FR

ex= 0.33 m B = 0.47 m OK

6
For andxB/6.
G. CONTACT PRESSURE WALL-FOUNDATION FLOOR:
C

Fv 6 e Where: Fv = FR
smax = 1 x
B B
It is
H'
Ea'
s max = 14,332.53 kg/m = 2
1.43 kg/cm 2

H'/2
H'/3

Fv 6 ex
smin = 1 O
F
B B smin
smax
smin = 2,428.25 kg/m = 2
0.24 kg/cm 2
ex
Rv

TECHNICAL OFFICE - CALCA IICARMATCVL CONSORTIUM

 17

2.- DESIGN OF THE REINFORCEMENT

A. DESIGN OF THE VERTICAL SCREEN FRAME

C
The vertical screen behaves like a coin tossed under horizontal pressure.
that the earth and the overload exert. The resulting bending moments originate
traction on the inner surface in contact with the ground, which must be reinforced
with steel.
It
H'
For: H' = 4.50 m Ea'

H'/2
Ea'= 5,553.23 kg H'/3

H'/3 = 1.50 m O
F

Es'= 1,480.86 kg
H'/2 = 2.25 m

The moment at the bottom of the screen will be:

Ea' H ' E s ' H '

M u= 1.6 (  )
3 2
Where:

F.A = 1.6 Amplification Factor for Static Earth Pressures and Live Loads - ACI

M u= 18,658.85 kg.m

Where:
b= 100.00 cm
d= 39.00 cm

Using the two bending equations, we find the steel area

As = 13.11 cm2

Checking the minimum steel area of the wall:

(Minimum steel area for vertical reinforcement)

Asmin= 0.0018 b F

REINFORCEMENTAMOUNT b F As min
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)
Asmin As
Vertical 0.0018 100.00 45.00 8.10
So:

As = 13.11 cm2

STICK As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

6 2.85 5.00 0.25 Var. # 6@ 0.25m

The following table shows Steel Area Values for different 'y' Values.

y Mult F(y) D(y) As min As required

(m) ( Kg. m) (cm) (cm) ( cm2/ml) ( cm2/ml)

1 409.52 29.44 23.44 5:30 0.46

2 2,223.12 33.89 27.89 6.10 2.13
3 6,318.34 38.33 32.33 6.90 5.23
3.5 9,495.79 40.56 34.56 7.30 7.45
4 13,572.73 42.78 36.78 7.70 10.04
4.5 18,658.85 45.00 39.00 8.10 13.11

TECHNICAL OFFICE - CALCA IICARMATCVL CONSORTIUM

 18

C Asmin As req
14.0
13.0
12.0
11.0
10.0
It is 9.0
8.0
y Ea' 7.0
6.0
y/2 5.0
y/3 4.0
3.0
2.0
O 1.0
F 0.0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
DISTANCIA - Y (m)

For Y = 3.50 m

As = 7.45 cm2

SPLINT As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

6 2.85 3.00 0.25 Var. # 6@ 0.25m

Minimum steel area of the wall for the Horizontal Reinforcement for the Screen:

Asmin= 0.002 b f (Minimum steel area for horizontal reinforcement)

REINFORCEMENTAMOUNT B F As varll
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)

Superior 0.002 100.00 31.67 6.33

intermediate 0.002 100.00 35.00 7.00
Inferior 0.002 100.00 45.00 9.00

The horizontal reinforcement at the top of the wall will be less than at the bottom and will be distributed in two layers; the
interior con las 2/3 partes del acero calculado y la Exterior con el resto .

HORIZONTAL UPPER REINFORCEMENT:

CAPA HEIGHT
As
( cm2)

Interior [Link]/3 4.22

Exterior Asup/3 2.11

VARILLA As varll CANT @

CAPA DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

Interior 4 1.267 4.00 0.25 Var. # 4@ 0.25m

Exterior 3 0.713 3.00 0.30 Var. # 3@ 0.3m

INTERMEDIATE HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT:

CAPA HEIGHT
As
( cm2)

Interior [Link]/3 4.67

Exterior Aint/3 2.33

STICK As varll CANT @

CAPA DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

Interior 4 1.267 4.00 0.25 Var. # 4@ 0.25m

Exterior 3 0.713 4.00 0.25 Var. # 3@ 0.25m

HORIZONTAL LOWER REINFORCEMENT:

CAPA HEIGHT
As
( cm2)

Interior [Link]/3 6.00

Exterior Ainf/3 3.00

TECHNICAL OFFICE - CALCA IICARMATCVL CONSORTIUM

 19

SHOVEL Athe varll CANT @

CAPA DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

Interior 4 1.267 5.00 0.20 Var. # 4@ 0.2m

Exterior 3 0.713 5.00 0.20 Var. # 3@ 0.2m

B. DESIGN OF THE HEEL FRAME

At the heel of the base of the wall, the vertical load downwards predominates corresponding to the sum of the weight of the fill, the
weight of the wall and the weight of the load, acting upward the weight the ground reaction, the bending moments
resulting in traction on the upper fiber.

Determination of the maximum shear and bending forces at the base of the heel for one meter of wall

Forces Downward: Wpp (self-weight of the wall), Wr (Weight of the fill), Ws (Weight of the surcharge)

TALON Height g WEIGHT ARM MOMENT

LOAD
(m) (m) (kg/m3) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)

Wpp 1.65 0.50 2,400.00 1,980.00 0.83 1,633.50

Wr 1.65 4.50 1,940.00 14,404.50 0.83 11,883.71
Ws 1.65 0.60 1,940.00 1,920.60 0.83 1,584.50
TOTAL 18,305.10 15,101.71
Forces Upwards: Rs (Ground Reaction)

TALON smax o smin WEIGHT ARM MOMENT

LOAD
(m) (kg/ cm2) (kg/cm2) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)
Rs1 1.65 0.70 0.00 5,787.39 0.55 3,183.07
Rs2 1.65 0.24 4,006.62 0.83 3,305.46
TOTAL 9,794.01 6,488.52

Resultant Shear Force in the Heel V1-1

V1-1 = 8,511.09 kg (Downward)

Moment Regarding Section 1-1

T
1

M1-1 = 8,613.18 kg.m (Clockwise) TALON

1
smin
smax
M U = 1.6 M 11
Rs2

M u= 13,781.09 kg.m

Where:
b= 100.00 cm
d= 44.00 cm

Using the two bending equations, we find the area of steel:

As = 8.45 cm2

Checking the minimum steel area of the wall:

Asmin= 0.0018 b e (Minimum steel area)

REINFORCEMENTAMOUNT b e As min
(cm) (cm) (cm2)
As min As
Vertical 0.0018 100.00 50.00 9.00

TECHNICAL OFFICE - CALCA IICARMATCVL CONSORTIUM

 20

So:

As= 9.00 cm2

VARILLA As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

6 2.85 4.00 0.25 Var. # 6@ 0.25m

Shear Verification:

VR V U
Resistant Cutter ( VR)

V R= 0.53 (f') bW d Where: b= 100.00 cm

d= 44.00 cm
VR= 36,127.19 kg

Last Cutter ( Vu)

VU= 1.6 VA

VR= 13,617.74 kg OK

C. DESIGN OF THE TIP FRAME

the tip of the base of the wall behaves like a cantilever subjected to a pressure or an upward vertical load
corresponding to the reaction of the soil and the self-weight acting downwards, with the reaction of the
ground, the resulting bending moments create tension in the lower fiber.

Determination of the maximum shear and bending stress at the base of the tip for one meter of wall

Forces Downward: Wpp (own weight of the wall)

TIP Height g WEIGHT ARM MOMENT

LOAD
(m) (m) (kg/m3) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)

Wpp 0.70 0.50 2,400.00 840.00 0.35 294.00

TOTAL 840.00 294.00
Forces Upward: Rs (Ground Reaction)

TALON smax o smin WEIGHT ARM MOMENT

LOAD
(m) (kg/ cm2) (kg/ cm2) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)
Rs1 0.70 0.30 0.00 1,041.62 0.47 486.09
Rs2 0.70 1.14 7,949.52 0.35 2,782.33
TOTAL 8,991.15 3,268.43

C
Resultant Shear Force in the V Heel1-1

V2-2 = -8,151.15 kg (Upward)

Moment Regarding Section 1-1

M2-2 = -2,974.43 kg.m (Clockwise) P

2

POINT e

M = 1.6 M
2
sm
U 11 smax
Rs2

Myou= 4,759.08 kg.m Rs1

Where:
b= 100.00 cm
d= 42.50 cm

Through the two bending equations, we find the area of steel:

TECHNICAL OFFICE - CALCA IICARMATCVL CONSORTIUM

 21

As = 2.98 cm2

Checking the minimum steel area of the wall:

Asmin= 0.0018 b e (Minimum steel area)

REINFORCEMENTAMOUNT b e As min
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)
As min As
Vertical 0.0018 100.00 50.00 9.00
So:

As = 9.00 cm2

SKEWER As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

6 2.85 4.00 0.25 Var. # 6@ 0.25m

Shear Verification:

VR V U
Resistant Cutter ( VR)

V R= 0.53 (f') bW d Where: b= 100.00 cm

d= 44.00 cm
VR= 36,127.19 kg

Last Cutter ( Vu)

VU= 1.6 VA

VR= 13,041.84 kg OK

D. STEEL BY RETRACTION AND TEMPERATURE:

FOR THE SCREEN

Asmin= 0.0015 b d
REINFORCEMENTAMOUNT b d As min
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)

Vertical 0.0015 100.00 39.00 5.85

So:

As= 5.85 cm2

BAR As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

5 1.979 3.00 0.3 Var. # 5@ 0.3m

FOR THE HEEL AND THE TIP

Asmin= 0.0015 b d
REINFORCEMENTAMOUNT b d As min
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)

Vertical 0.0015 100.00 44.00 6.60

So:

As = 6.60 cm2

VARILLA As varll CAN'T @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

4 1.267 6.00 0.175 Var. # 4@ 0.175m

TECHNICAL OFFICE - CALCA IICARMATCVL CONSORTIUM

 WALL FROM C° A° N° 01 KM 3+570.03 TO 3+580.03 IN CULVERT

REHABILITATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE LOCAL ROAD IN THE SECTION SAN JUAN DE CACAZU - UBIRIKI;
SAN JUAN DE CACAZU - NACE UBIRIKI; PALMA UBIRIKI - 71 (PA 708), OF THE POSTAL CODE, SAN JUAN DE CACAZU
VILLA RICA DISTRICT - OXAPAMPA - PASCO

FECHA: 12-Dec-15

DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE WALLS

The cantilevered reinforced concrete wall will serve as support for the platform of the road under construction.
The characteristics of the materials, the foundation soil, the fill material, and site conditions are as follows:
Next:
1.- GENERAL DATA

A. OF THE FILLING

Volumetric weight of the filling material gs : 1,800.00 kg/m³

Friction angle of the fill material fº : 33.00
Internal friction angle soil-concrete d = 2/3f ° : 22.00
Fill slope angle aº : 20.00

B. OF THE CONCRETE

Concrete compressive strength f'c : 210.00 Kg/cm2

Yield limit steel fy : 4,200.00 Kg/cm2
Density of Concrete gc : 2,400.00 kg/m³
Friction coefficient for sliding
(considering concrete poured on site) μ : 0.55

C. GEOTECHNICAL DATA

• Cohesion C : 0.000 Kg/cm2

Volumetric weight of the foundation material gs : 1,600.00 kg/m³
Friction angle of the foundation material fº : 25.00
Bearing capacity of the ground σADM : 0.92 Kg/cm2

2.- PREDIMENSIONING

The pre-dimensioning of the cantilever retaining walls is done based on the Height 'H' of the wall, for
Then its stability will be verified by overturning, sliding, and slope stability.

H= 3.50 m

Predimensioning We Have: NOTE:

C= .25 h

B= 2.25 m B = (0.5 - 0.7) H

c= 0.25 m e ≥ 0.1 H
e= 0.40 m
H-e
C ≥ 25 cm
P= 0.50 m H
B/4 < P < B/3
F= 0.40 m F ≥ H/10
P F T
T= 1.35 m T = ( B-P-F)
h= 0.40 m e h = T x tan α
H`= 3.90 m B H` = H + h
2.- WALL STABILITY CHECK

A. ACTIVE PUSH

The specific weight and the angle of friction is

of the filler material
In 5

A_B=cosα cos(α - )
√(cos²(α) - cos²) ∅⁡⁡ 〗⁡ ) 〗 /cos⁡〖∝ +⁡
√(cos²(α) - cos²) ∅⁡⁡ 〗⁡ ) 〗⁡
In 1 In 4

ka= 0.3555 And/s/c

Ea= 3,919.28 kg/m FILLING
And a
H`/3 = 1.30 m W2 H/2
3,682.92 kg/m H/3
Eh= C_h=C_ ⁡C_dC_q∝ W3

Ev= 1,340.47 kg/m a_b=a_c⁡xzy∝ O

B. OVERLOAD THRUST
The effect of overload on the filling produces a similar effect to that generated by an increase in 'Hs', the Height of
the fill equivalent to the vehicle load is 60 cm. (AASHTO 2002)

WSC = kg/m2 Vehicle Overload

Equivalent Fill Height to

HS= 0.60 m the vehicular overload
WSC = 1,080.00 kg/m2
Es = 1,343.75 kg/m
H/2 = 1.75 m

C. RESISTANT FORCES AND MOMENTS

AREA STRENGTH ARM MOMENT

SECTION
(m2) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)
W1 0.78 1,860.00 0.78 1,441.50
W2 0.23 558.00 0.58 320.85
W3 0.90 2,160.00 1.13 2,430.00
W4 4.19 7,533.00 1.58 11,864.48
W5 0.27 486.00 1.80 874.80
Pv 1,340.47 2.25 3,016.06
Ws 1,458.00 1.80 2,624.40
TOTAL 15,395.47 22,572.09
Where:
WS= WSCx T : Peso de la Sobrecarga Vevicular
D. FORCES AND ACTING MOMENTS

STRENGTH ARM MOMENT

EFFECT
(kg) (m) (Kg.m)
Eh 3,682.92 1.30 4,787.79
It is 1,343.75 1.75 2,351.57
TOTAL 5,026.67 7,139.36

E. SAFETY FACTORS

1. SAFETY FACTOR AGAINST ROLLOVER

(∑▒ _ ⁡)
/(∑▒ _ ⁡ 22,572.09 = 3.16 OK
7,139.36
)>2
2. SLIDE SAFETY FACTOR

(∑▒ _ ⁡ 8,467.51 = 1.7 OK

. )/(∑▒ _ ⁡) 5,026.67
greater than or equal to 1.5
a.- ECCENTRICITY OF THE RESULTANT FORCE

For there to be compression across the entire base, the eccentricity must be less than one-sixth of the base of the wall.

M M
Xr= A R
FR

ex= 0.12 m B
= 0.38 m OK
6

For andx< B/6.

b.- CONTACT PRESSURE WALL-SOIL OF FOUNDATION

Fv 6 e
x
Where: Fv = FR
C
s max
= 1
B B
It is
smax = 9,032.01 kg/m2 = 0.90 kg/cm2 H'
Ea'

H'/2
H'/3
Fv 6 e
x
s min
= 1 O

B B F

smin
smax
smin = 4,652.85 kg/m2 = 0.47 kg/cm2 ex
Rv

smax = 0.90 kg/cm2 < 0.92 kg/cm2 OK

smin = 0.47 kg/cm2 < 0.92 kg/cm2 OK
2.- DESIGN OF THE REINFORCEMENT

A. DESIGN OF THE ARMATURE OF THE VERTICAL SCREEN

The vertical screen behaves like a coin toss under pressure.

horizontal exerted by the ground and the overload. The bending moments
resulting in traction on the inner side in contact with the ground, the
which should be reinforced with steel.
C
For: H' = 3.10 m

Ea'= 3,074.63 kg
It is
H'/3 = 1.03 m H'
Ea'

Es'= 1,190.18 kg H'/2

H'/3
H'/2 = 1.55 m
O
F
The moment at the bottom of the screen will be:
Ea H'Es' H'
M u= 1.6 (  )
3 2
Where:

F.A = 1.6 Amplification Factor for Static Earth Pressures and Live Loads - ACI

Mu= 8,035.04 kg.m

Where:

b= 100.00 cm
d= 34.00 cm

Using the two bending equations, we find the area of steel.

As= 6.41 cm2

Checking the minimum steel area of the wall:

Asmin= 0.0018 b F (Minimum steel area for vertical reinforcement)

b F As min
QUANTITY REINFORCEMENT
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)
Asmin As
Vertical 0.0018 100.00 40.00 7.20
So:

As= 7.20 cm2

BAR As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

5 1.979 4.00 0.25 Var. # 5@ 0.25m

The following table shows Steel Area Values for different 'y' Values.

y Mult F (y) D(y) As min As require

(m) ( Kg. m) (cm) (cm) ( cm2/ml) ( cm2/ml)

1 477.78 29.84 23.84 5.37 0.37

1.8 1,990.29 33.71 27.71 6.07 1.56
2.5 4,585.82 37.10 31.10 6.68 3.62
3.1 8,035.04 40.00 34.00 7.20 6.41

C
As min As req
8.0
7.0
6.0
It is 5.0
4.0
y Ea' 3.0
2.0
y/2
y/3 1.0
0.0
O 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
F DISTANCIA - Y (m)

For Y = 2.50 m

As= 6.68 cm2

STICK As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

5 1.979 4.00 0.25 Var. # 5@ 0.25m

Minimum steel area of the wall for Horizontal Reinforcement for the Screen:

Asmin= 0.002 b f (Minimum steel area for horizontal reinforcement)

B F As varll
REINFORCEMENT QUANTITY
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)

Superior 0.002 100.00 32.50 6.50

Inferior 0.002 100.00 40.00 8.00

The horizontal reinforcement at the top of the wall will be lower than at the bottom and will be distributed in two.
layers; the inner with 2/3 of the calculated steel and the outer with the rest.

HORIZONTAL SUPERIOR REINFORCEMENT:

As
CAPA HEIGHT
( cm2)

Interior [Link]/3 4.33

Exterior Aint/3 2.17

VARILLA As varll CAN'T @

CAPA DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

Interior 4 1.267 4.00 0.25 Var. # 4@ 0.25m

Exterior 3 0.713 4.00 0.25 Var. # 3@ 0.25m
 HORIZONTAL LOWER REINFORCEMENT:

As
CAPA HEIGHT
( cm2)

Interior [Link]/3 5.33

Exterior Ainf/3 2.67

Rod As varll CANT @

CAPA DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

Interior 4 1.267 5.00 0.20 Var. # 4@ 0.2m

Exterior 3 0.713 4.00 0.25 Var. # 3@ 0.25m

B. DESIGN OF THE HEEL FRAME

At the heel of the base of the wall, the vertical load downward predominates, corresponding to the sum of the weight of the
filler, the weight of the wall and the weight of the surcharge, acting upwards the soil reaction.
Resulting bending moments create tension in the upper fiber.

Determination of the maximum shear and bending stresses at the base of the Heel for one meter of wall

Fuerzas hacia Abajo:Wpp ( peso propio del muro), Wr ( Peso del relleno), Ws (Peso de la sobrecarga)

LOAD
TALON Height g WEIGHT ARM MOMENT
(m) (m) (kg/m3) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)

Wpp 1.35 0.40 2,400.00 1,296.00 0.68 874.80

Wr 1.35 3.10 1,800.00 7,533.00 0.68 5,084.78
Wr 1.35 0.40 1,800.00 972.00 0.68 656.10
Ws 1.35 0.60 1,800.00 1,458.00 0.68 984.15
TOTAL 11,259.00 7,599.83
Forces upwards: Rs (Ground reaction)

TALON smax o smin WEIGHT ARM MOMENT

LOAD
(m) (kg/cm2) (kg/ cm2) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)
Rs1 1.35 0.26 0.00 1,773.56 0.45 798.10
Rs2 1.35 0.47 6,281.35 0.68 4,239.91
TOTAL 8,054.91 5,038.01
Resultant Shear Force at the Heel V1-1

V1-1 = 3,204.09 kg (Down)

Moment Regarding Section 1-1

M1-1 = 2,561.81 kg.m (Clockwise) T

1

TALON

M=U 1.6 M
1
smin
11
smax

Rs2

Mu= 4,098.90 kg.m

Where:

b= 100.00 cm
d= 34.00 cm

By means of the two bending equations, we find the area of steel:

As = 3.19 cm2

Checking the minimum steel area of the wall:

Asmin= 0.0018 b eMinimum steel area

b e As min
QUANTITY REINFORCEMENT
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)
As min As
Vertical 0.0018 100.00 40.00 7.20
So:

As = 7.20 cm2

VARILLA As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

5 1.979 4.00 0.25 Var. # 5@ 0.25m

 Shear Verification:

VR VU
Resistant Cutter ( VR)

V R= 0.53 (f') bW d Where: b= 100.00 cm

d= 34.00 cm
VR= 26,113.46 kg

Last Cutter ( Vu)

VR= 5,126.54 kg OK

C. DESIGN OF THE TIP ARMATURE

the tip of the base of the wall behaves like a cantilever subjected to a pressure or a vertical load downwards
above corresponding to the reaction of the ground and the weight itself that acts downward, predominating in this case the
Soil reaction, the resulting bending moments create tension in the lower fiber.

Determination of the maximum shear and bending stresses at the base of the tip for one meter of wall

Forces Downward: Wpp (self-weight of the wall)

POINT Height g WEIGHT ARM MOMENT

LOAD
(m) (m) (kg/ m3) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)

Wpp 0.50 0.40 2,400.00 480.00 0.25 120.00

TOTAL 480.00 120.00
Forces Upwards: Rs (Ground Reaction)

TALON smax or smin WEIGHT ARM MOMENT

LOAD
(m) (kg/ cm2) (kg/ cm2) (kg) (m) (Kg.m)
Rs1 0.50 0.10 0.00 243.29 0.33 81.10
Rs2 0.50 0.81 4,029.43 0.25 1,007.36
TOTAL 4,272.72 1,088.45
Resultant Shear Force at the Heel V1-1
C

V2-2 = -3,792.72 kg (Upward)

Moment Regarding Section 1-1

M2-2 = -968.45 kg.m (Clockwise)

P
2

POINT e
M=U 1.6 M 11 2
smin
smax
Rs2

Mu= 1,549.53 kg.m Rs1

Where :

b= 100.00 cm
d= 32.50 cm

Mediante las dos ecuaciones de flexión, hallamos el area de acero:

As = 1.42 cm2

Checking the minimum steel area of the wall:

Asmin= 0.0018 b and(Minimum steel area)

b e As min
REINFORCEMENT AMOUNT
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)
As min As
Vertical 0.0018 100.00 40.00 7.20
So:

As= 7.20 cm2

Rod As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

5 1.979 4.00 0.25 Var. # 5@ 0.25m

 Shear Check:

VR VU
Resistant Cutting Tool (VR)

V R= 0.53 (f'c) bW d Where: b= 100.00 cm

d= 34.00 cm
VR= 26,113.46 kg

Last Cut ( Vu)

VR= 6,068.35 kg OK

D. STEEL BY RETRACTION AND TEMPERATURE:

FOR THE SCREEN

Asmin= 0.0015 b d
b d As min
REINFORCEMENT AMOUNT
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)

Vertical 0.0015 100.00 34.00 5.10

So:

As= 5.10 cm2

BAR Ait is varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

4 1.267 5.00 0.2 Var. # 4@ 0.2m

FOR THE HEEL AND THE TIP

Asmin= 0.0015 b d
b d As min
REINFORCEMENT QUANTITY
(cm) (cm) ( cm2)

Vertical 0.0015 100.00 34.00 5.10

So:

As = 5.10 cm2

VARILLA As varll CANT @

DISTRIBUTION
# ( cm2) VAR (m)

4 1.267 5.00 0.2 Var. # 4@ 0.2m