Digital technology for

manufacturing systems
Unit 5. Assisted Engineering by
computer - CAE
 Unit presentation 3
Objective 4
5. Computer-Aided Engineering 5
Main tests and analyses that assess behavior of
5.1. 10
product
Transfer of information and performance level among the
5.2. 12
CAD, CAM and CAE systems

Syllabus
Structural analysis, movement, impact, noise, vibrations
5.3. 13
ergonomics and optimization
5.4. Rapid prototyping 15
5.4.1.
15
Stereolithography
5.4.2. Sintering 15
To know more... 17
Closure of the unit 18
Sources of consultation 19

2
Presentation of the
unit

Welcome to unit 5!

In this fifth unit, you will have the opportunity to study the topic 'Engineering'
computer-assisted," in particular, the main tests and analyses that
they evaluate the product behavior, information transfer, and level
of performance between CAD, CAM, and CAE systems, structural analysis,
movement, impact, noise, vibrations, ergonomics, and optimization, as well as the
rapid prototyping.

I invite you to study this content in depth and, in case of any doubts,
contact your teacher.

Success in this fifth unit!

3
Objective

At the end of this unit, you will achieve:

Distinguish what computer-aided engineering is, specifically, the main ones

tests and analyses that evaluate product behavior, the transfer of
information and performance level among CAD, CAM, and CAE systems, the analysis
structural, movement, impact, noise, vibrations, ergonomics and optimization, as well as
the rapid prototyping, this, through learning activities
highlighted by the University, in order to be able to apply the knowledge acquired when
The time has come to practice your profession.

4
5. Computer-aided engineering
computer

Computer-aided engineering (CAE) consists of the use of

software to simulate performance with the aim of improving
designs of products or contributing to the resolution of problems of
engineering for very diverse sectors. It includes simulation, validation
and the optimization of products, processes, and manufacturing tools.

A typical CAE process consists of a series of steps

preprocessing, resolution, and postprocessing. In the phase of
preprocessing, the engineers model the geometry (or a
representation of the system) and the physical properties of the design, thus
like the environment in the form of loads or applied limitations. (SIEMENS,
2020

5
5. Computer-Aided Engineering
computer

Applications of the CAE

Below are the applications of Assisted Engineering

computer.

• The applications of CAE are compatible with disciplines or phenomena.

of very diverse engineering.

• Analysis of stress and dynamics in components and assemblies through

the finite element analysis (FEA).

• Thermal and fluid analysis using computational dynamics

fluids in 3D (CFD).

• Analysis of the kinematics and dynamics of mechanisms (dynamics of bodies

multiple).

(SIEMENS, 2020)
6
5. Computer-aided engineering
computer

• Acoustic analysis using FEA or a boundary element method

(BEM).

• CAE 1D or simulation of mechatronic systems for a system design

multidomain mechatronics.

• Mechanical Event Simulation (MES).

• Control systems analysis.

• Simulation of manufacturing processes such as casting, molding or

die-cut by press.

• Product or process optimization.

(SIEMENS, 2020)
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5. Computer-aided engineering
computer

Advantages of the CAE

Among the benefits of CAE are the reduction of costs and of

product development time, with an improvement in quality and
product durability. (SIEMENS, 2020).

• Design decisions can be made based on their impact on

the performance.

• Designs can be evaluated and improved thanks to simulations.

by computer instead of testing with physical prototypes, which
saves time and money.

• The CAE can provide information about performance in stages

earlier in the development process, when it is more economical
make changes to the design.

(SIEMENS, 2020)

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5. Computer-aided engineering
computer

• CAE helps engineering teams manage risk and

understand the implications on the performance of your designs.

• The integrated management of data and CAE processes expands the capacity of
effectively use performance information, as well as
improve designs for a wider community.

• Problems related to the warranty are reduced thanks to identification.

and the elimination of possible problems.

• If it is correctly integrated into product development and the

manufacturing, the CAE can enable an earlier resolution of the
problems, which can significantly reduce the associated costs
with the product life cycle.

(SIEMENS, 2020)

9
5.1. Main tests and analyses that evaluate the
product behavior

CAE applications support a wide variety of tests and analysis

that evaluate the product:

• Stress analysis and dynamics of components and assemblies using

the finite element analysis (FEA).

• Thermal and fluid analysis using fluid dynamics

computational (CFD).

• Kinematics and dynamics analysis of mechanisms (Multi-dynamics)

bodies).

• Mechanical Event Simulation (MES).

• Analysis of control systems.

• Simulation of manufacturing processes such as forging, molds and

die-cut pieces.

• Optimization of the product process.

10
5.1. Main tests and analyses that evaluate the
product behavior

Some engineering problems require simulation of

multiple phenomena to represent the underlying physics. The
CAE applications that address these issues are usually called
multiple physics solutions.

The following parameters are frequently used in engineering

computer-aided engineering CAE:

• Temperature.

• Pressure.

• Interactions of the components.

• Applied forces

Most of the parameters used for the simulation are

based on the environment and the interactions that the model should
experiment once it starts operating. These are introduced in the
CAE program to see if the examined part could handle,
theoretically, the limitations of design.
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5.2. Information transfer and performance level
among CAD, CAM, and CAE systems

CAE is an integrated process that includes all engineering functions from design.
properly speaking, CAD, up to manufacturing, CAM.

Schematic representation of how CAD, CAM, and CAE interact is as follows:

CAD/CAM/CAE Integration

1. Design in CAD system

2. Analysis in a CAE system

3. Redesign in CAD system to solve errors

4. New analyses in CAE system

5. Data generation in CAD system

6. Manufacturing in CAM system

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5.3. Structural analysis, movement, impact, noise,
vibrations, ergonomics and optimization

The structural analysis it is the use of the equations of the

material resistance to find the stresses
internals, deformations and stresses that act on a
resistant structure, such as buildings or skeletons
machinery resistors.

Themovement it is a change in the position of a body to the

length of time with respect to a reference system. The
The study of movement can be carried out through the
kinematics or through dynamics.

Theimpact is defined as the violent clash of a thing

in motion against another, for example, a projectile against
a white one.

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5.3. Structural analysis, movement, impact, noise,
vibrations, ergonomics, and optimization

Thenoise interpreted as "any dangerous, annoying sound,"

useless or unpleasant”, understood as sound “the
physical phenomenon that causes the sensations characteristic of
human sense of hearing.

The vibrations they are defined as the movement of a body

solid around a position of equilibrium, without
produce a 'net' displacement of it.

The ergonomics it is the discipline that is responsible for design of

workplaces, tools, and tasks, so that
match the physiological, anatomical characteristics,
psychological and the capabilities of the workers that are
they will be involved.

Theoptimization it is the method to determine the values of

the variables that intervene in a process or system in order to
that the result is the best possible.
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5.4. Rapid prototyping
5.4.1. Stereolithography
5.4.2. Sintering

Stereolithography

Stereolithography, more commonly known as SLA, is

Objects printed by stereolithography.
one of the most popular and widespread techniques in the world
of additive manufacturing. It works using a high-power laser
power to harden the liquid resin located in
a deposit to create the desired three-dimensional shape.

Stereolithography is a laser technology that uses a

liquid resin sensitive to Ultraviolet light. A UV laser
scan the surface of the resin and harden it
select the material corresponding to the cross section of the (Source: [Link].)
product, in such a way that the 3D piece is created from the bottom up
above. The necessary support is generated in a way
automatic and are removed manually at the end of the
process.

15
5.4. Rapid prototyping
5.4.1. Stereolithography
5.4.2. Sintering

Sintered

It is a thermal cycle consisting of heating the compacted part for a determined time at a
temperature below the melting point of the base metal. The high temperature causes the welding of
the dust particles among themselves, and the diffusion of alloying elements, through a mechanism of
solid state diffusion.

Sintering process

(AMES, 2022)

16
To know more

To learn more about the topics covered in this unit, review the following materials:

• Introduction to the topic of Computer-Aided Engineering.

The following video provides a brief overview of what it entails, its importance, and some of the
applications of Computer-Aided Engineering.

(López, 2015).[Link]

• Stereolithography (SLS).
The following video explains what stereolithography is and what some of its
applications.

Protolabs Spain, [Link]/watch?v=3KQJ6DUxI4g

• Sintering.

In the video shown below, it explains what sintering is, its process, some of its
applications and other relevant information.

(Mishuteff, 2020).[Link]

17
Closure of the unit

We have studied essential aspects of 'Computer-Aided Engineering'. In the

In the next unit we will review the 'Simulation of industrial processes'.

Congratulations!

You have completed unit 5.

Keep striving!

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 Sources of
query

• ESSS Team (2014, August 8). Computer-Aided Engineering. Retrieved on 12

September 2022, from: [Link]

• López, J. (2015, October 28). Introduction to the topic of Computer-Aided Engineering [video].
YouTube. [Link]

• Mina, H. O. (n.d.). Computer-assisted technology. National Technological University.

[Link]

• Mishuteff (2020, April 11). Sintering [video]. YouTube. [Link]

HEsw7Xe0

• Protolabs España. (2018, 24 de julio).Estereolitografía(SLS) [video]. YouTube.

[Link]

• SIEMENS (2022). Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE). Retrieved on September 12, 2022.

de[Link]
engineering-cae/13112

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