INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND
The Simple Compression Test, also known as unconsolidated compression test or
axial, it indirectly helps to obtain the parameters of shear resistance of the soil.
This test is carried out on generally cylindrical samples, and it is the one we will use.
we for the simple comprehension essay.

This test method determines the Unconfined Compressive Strength of

Cohesive soils in intact, remolded, or reconstituted condition, using a
controlled weight application of axial load.
The unconfined compression test consists of applying a vertical (axial) load to a
cylindrical soil test tube and take it to the fault without applying any effort
cutting.
This test is used only for cohesive soils, as in a soil lacking
A sample cannot be formed without lateral confinement.
Through the unconfined compression test, we obtain the ultimate strength of the
soil, is also commonly used to test rocks, due to the fact that rocks
they are classified based on the resistance of simple compression.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE

Determine the simple compressive strength or ultimate stress (qu)

Obtain the parameters of resistance and deformation of a soil subjected to
compression without lateral confinement.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
Obtain the moisture content
Understand the scope of the simple compression test.
Determine the consistency of the clays
Obtain the soil deformation modulus

SCOPE
In this report, we will show how to determine the compressive strength.
unconfined, which is the load per unit area to which a cylindrical soil sample is subjected,
failure in the simple compression test. This test is used only for soils
cohesives, since in a soil lacking cohesion a sample cannot be formed without
lateral confinement. For this, a clay sample will be used, which is why it is
It is important to understand the behavior of soils subjected to loads, as it is
on them or about them that the structures will be founded, whether they are bridges, buildings or
roads, which require a firm base, or even more, that can take advantage of the
soil resistances to benefit its own capacity and stability, being the study
and the experimentation the tools to achieve it, and finally be able to predict,
with a certain approximation, the behavior of these structures under loads.

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TEAM

. Press for axial load application

. Deformometer, approximation 0.001 in.
. Sample (prepared beforehand).
. Precision scale, accuracy 0.1g
. Caliper
. Equipment to determine moisture content (Oven, Scale, Capsules)

PROCEDURE
1) Once the cylindrical samples for this test are obtained, the diameter is measured.
superior, medium and inferior and the three results are averaged to obtain the measure.
final diameter, the height is measured; these measurements must be made with a
Caliper

1 Measurement of the sample diameter 2 Sample height measurement

2) With the help of a scale, we determine the weight of the sample.

3 Weight measurement of the sample

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3) The test tube is placed in the press so that it is perfectly centered.
between the compression plates causing the largest contact area
between the specimen and said plates.

4 Sample centered between the plates

4) The deformation indicator is set to zero. Load measurements are taken.

every 5 divisions of the deformatometer, until breakage occurs and the loads
begin to decrease or until reaching an axial deformation of 20% (what
before it happens). A speed will be chosen at which the break occurs within a period
between 1 and 10 minutes.

5) Stop the loading system and remove the sample from the press.

6) Make a diagram of the manner of breakage. If the break occurs through a

Inclined plane, it is advisable to measure the angle of inclination of said plane.
with respect to the horizontal plane.

.
5 Breakage failure of specimen 1 6 Breakage failure of specimen 2 7 Breakage failure of specimen 3

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PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATIONS

Axial deformation, Ԑ , for a given applied load, as follows:

Ɛ =ΔH/Ho

Where:
ΔH = Change in the length of the specimen, as read on the deformation indicator
Ho = Initial length of the test specimen.

Average cross-sectional area, A, for a given applied load, as

continue

A = Ao / (1-ε)

Where:
Ao = Average initial area of the cross-section of the specimen, and
E = axial deformation for the given load.

Effort, σ, Load per unit area, for a given applied load, as follows:

sigma = (P / A)
Where:
P = applied load given, and
A = average cross-sectional area corresponding.

RESULTS OBTAINED

PROBETA 1
UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEST OF SOIL
%
Humedad:16,69 % Mashed 747.06 g
Height (H) 14.26 cm Volume 523.48 cm3
Diameter 1 6.77 cm Density 1.43 g/cm3
Diameter 2 6.87 cm
Diameter 3 6.87 cm
Average 6.84 cm
Area (A) 36.71 cm2

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Reading Reading
LOAD Deformation Deformation Area Run Effort Effort
Def K= Load
(in) (N) (mm) Δh/ho (mm2) (N/mm2) (Kpa)
0.001 (Def)
0 0 0.000 207.64 0.000 0.0000000 3670.95 0,0565623 56,56
5 3 0.005 341.70 0.127 0.0008906 3674.22 0,0929998 93,00
10 6 0.010 475.77 0.254 0.0017812 3677.50 0,1293722 129,37
15 8 0.015 565.14 0.381 0,0026718 3680,79 0,1535387 153,54
20 9.5 0.020 632.18 0.508 0.0035624 3684.08 0,1715967 171,60
25 9 0.025 609,83 0.635 0.0044530 3687.37 0,1653837 165,38
30 8 0.030 565.14 0.762 0.0053436 3690.67 0,1531274 153,13
35 7 0,035 520.45 0.889 0.0062342 3693.98 0,1408927 140,89
40 6 0.040 475.77 1,016 0,0071248 3697,29 0,1286797 128,68
45 6 0.045 475.77 1,143 0,0080154 3700,61 0.1285643 128.56
50 6 0.050 475.77 1,270 0.0089060 3703.94 0,1284488 128,45
55 7 0.055 520.45 1,397 0,0097966 3707,27 0,1403876 140,39
60 7 0.060 520,45 1,524 0.0106872 3710.61 0,1402613 140,26
65 6 0.065 475.77 1,651 0,0115778 3713,95 0.1281026 128.10
70 6 0.070 475.77 1,778 0.0124684 3717.30 0.1279871 127.99

ChartNo.1
EffortvsDeformation(Ultimatestrength;Modulusof)
Deformation

200.00

180.00

160.00

140.00

120.00

100.00

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

0.00
0.0000000 0.0050000 0.0100000 0.0150000
Unitary Deformation

Series1

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 PROBETA 2
UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEST OF SOIL
% Humedad: 16,69 % Era 776.79 g
Height (H) 14.47 cm Volume 541.60 cm³
Diameter 1 6.97 cm Density 1.43 g/cm3
Diameter 2 6.87 cm
Diameter 3 6.87 cm
D Average 6.90 cm
Area (A) 37,43 cm2

Reading Reading
Load Deformation Deformation Area Run Effort Effort
Def K= Load
(in) (N) (mm) Δh/ho (mm2) (N/mm2) (KPa)
0.001 (Def)
0 0 0.000 207.64 0,000 0.0000000 3670.95 0,0565623 56,56
2 1 0.002 252.33 0.051 0.0003562 3672.26 0.0687113 68.71
4 2 0.004 297.01 0.102 0.0007125 3673.57 0,0808516 80,85
6 3 0.006 341.70 0.152 0.0010687 3674.88 0.0929832 92.98
8 3 0.008 341,70 0.203 0.0014250 3676.19 0,0929500 92,95
10 4 0.010 386.39 0.254 0.0017812 3677.50 0,1050687 105,07
12 5 0.012 431.08 0,305 0,0021374 3678,82 0.1171786 117.18
14 6 0.014 475.77 0.356 0,0024937 3680,13 0,1292799 129,28
16 6 0.016 475.77 0.406 0.0028499 3681.44 0,1292337 129,23
18 7 0.018 520.45 0.457 0,0032062 3682,76 0.1413220 141.32
20 7 0.020 520.45 0,508 0,0035624 3684,08 0.1412715 141.27
22 7 0.022 520.45 0,559 0,0039187 3685,39 0.1412210 141.22
24 8 0.024 565.14 0.610 0,0042749 3686,71 0,1532919 153,29
26 7 0.026 520.45 0.660 0.0046311 3688.03 0,1411200 141,12
28 7 0.028 520.45 0.711 0,0049874 3689,35 0.1410694 141.07
30 7 0.030 520,45 0.762 0.0053436 3690.67 0.1410189 141.02
32 7 0.032 520.45 0.813 0.0056999 3692.00 0.1409684 140.97
34 8 0.034 565.14 0,864 0.0060561 3693.32 0.1530177 153.02

Chart No. 2
Stress vs Strain (Ultimate strength; Modulus of deformation)
200.00

150.00

100.00
Series1
50.00

0.00
0.0000000 0.0050000 0.0100000 0.0150000
UNITARY DEFORMATION

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 PROBETA 3
UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEST OF SOIL
% Humedad: 16,69 % Era 746.08 g
Height (H) 14.26 cm Volume 528.59 cm3
Diameter 1 6.87 cm Density 1.41 g/cm3
Diameter 2 6.87 cm
Diameter 3 6.87 cm
Average 6.87 cm
Area (A) 37.07 cm2
Reading Reading
Load Deformation Deformation Area Run Effort Effort
Def K = Load Ԑ Δh/ho
(in) (N) (mm) (mm2) (N/mm2) (KN/m2)
0,001 (Def)
0 0 0.000 207.64 0.000 0.0000000 3670.95 0,0565623 56,56
2 1 0.002 252.33 0.051 0,0003562 3672,26 0,0687113 68,71
4 2 0.004 297,01 0.102 0,0007125 3673,57 0,0808516 80,85
6 2 0.006 297,01 0.152 0.0010687 3674.88 0,0808228 80,82
8 2 0.008 297,01 0.203 0.0014250 3676.19 0,0807939 80,79
10 3 0.010 341.70 0.254 0.0017812 3677.50 0,0929169 92,92
12 3 0.012 341.70 0.305 0,0021374 3678,82 0,0928837 92,88
14 3 0.014 341.70 0,356 0,0024937 3680,13 0.0928506 92.85
16 4 0.016 386.39 0.406 0.0028499 3681.44 0,1049562 104,96
18 4 0.018 386,39 0.457 0.0032062 3682.76 0.1049187 104.92
20 4 0.020 386.39 0,508 0,0035624 3684,08 0,1048812 104,88
22 4 0.022 386.39 0.559 0,0039187 3685,39 0,1048437 104,84
24 4 0.024 386.39 0.610 0.0042749 3686.71 0.1048062 104.81
26 4 0.026 386.39 0.660 0,0046311 3688,03 0.1047687 104.77
28 5 0.028 431.08 0.711 0,0049874 3689,35 0,1168439 116,84
30 5 0.030 431.08 0,762 0,0053436 3690,67 0.1168021 116.80
32 5 0.032 431,08 0,813 0.0056999 3692.00 0.1167603 116.76
34 5 0.034 431,08 0.864 0.0060561 3693.32 0.1167184 116.72
36 6 0.036 475,77 0.914 0.0064123 3694.64 0,1287720 128,77
38 6 0.038 475.77 0.965 0,0067686 3695,97 0,1287258 128,73
40 6 0.040 475.77 1,016 0.0071248 3697.29 0,1286797 128,68
42 7 0.042 520.45 1,067 0,0074811 3698,62 0,1407159 140,72
44 7 0.044 520.45 1,118 0,0078373 3699,95 0,1406654 140,67
46 7 0.046 520.45 1,168 0,0081935 3701,28 0.1406149 140.61
48 7 0.048 520.45 1,219 0.0085498 3702.61 0,1405644 140,56
50 8 0.050 565.14 1,270 0.0089060 3703.94 0.1525789 152.58
52 8 0.052 565.14 1,321 0.0092623 3705.27 0,1525241 152,52
54 8 0,054 565.14 1,372 0.0096185 3706.60 0,1524692 152,47
56 8 0.056 565.14 1,422 0.0099748 3707.94 0.1524144 152.41

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 Graph No. 3
Effort vs Deformation (Ultimate Strength; Deformation Modulus)
180.00

160.00

140.00

120.00

100.00

80.00
Series1
60.00

40.00

20.00

0.00
0.0000000 0.0050000 0.0100000 0.0150000 0.0200000 0.0250000
UNITARY DEFORMATION

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In the stress vs strain graph of sample 1 (Due to the fact that it is the most
pronounced that of the other samples) we determined the value of the unit effort of
fault.

ANALYTICAL CALCULATIONS
The unit failure stress is 171.6 Kpa, and it is considered as the maximum stress value.
unconfined soil compressionu

1=qu171.6 Kpa

The soil deformation modulus was obtained using the following relationship:

153.59 kPa -129.37 KPa 2

= = = 271951 = 277,3 1 /
Ԑ 0.0026718 - 0.0017812

E =277.31Kg/cm2

With the obtained results of ultimate strength, it is possible to obtain the stresses.
main major or last resistance ( 1= qu= 171.6 Kpa) and lower ( 3= 0), and a
starting from these, draw the Mohr circle. As shown in graph No. 2.

Radio:
1- σ3 -0 171,6 KPa
= = = = 85.8 kPa
2 2 2 2
Center:
1+ sigma 3 +0 171,6 kPa
= = = = 85.8 kPa
2 2 2 2

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The value of soil cohesion for the unconsolidated compression test is equal to
value of the radius of the Mohr circle:
what 1716
Cu= = = 85.8 KPa
2 2

GRAPHICAL CALCULATIONS
NOTE: The Mohr circle graph and parameters obtained graphically are
attached in the hand-drawn graph.

CONCLUSIONS
The soil resistance or ultimate compressive stress is 4.37 kg/cm2value
which according to Terzaghi's classification corresponds to a soil of consistency
rigid.
Resistance, compression, unconfined (Kg/cm2)
Consistency

< 0.25 Very soft

0.25–0.50 Blend
0.50–1.00 Media
1.00–2.00 Semi-hard
2.00–4.00 Dura
>4.00 Rigid

This test constitutes a quick and economical means to determine

approximately the shear resistance of cohesive soil.
These three specimens have failed due to brittle failure, since the vertical force
it reached a maximum level and then that force rapidly decreased.
The value of soil cohesion for the unconfined compression test is
equal to the value of the radius of the Mohr circle which is equal to Cu = 85.5 Kpa.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The carving of the sample influences the test, so we must be more precise.
in obtaining the measurements.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
. Braja M. Das, Fundamentals of Geotechnical Engineering, Thomson Learning Publishing,
2001.
. Braja M. Das, Principles of Foundation Engineering, Ed. Thomson Learning,
2001.