Synchronous Machines: Types and Functions
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ScribdTranslationsSynchronous Machines: Types and Functions
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ScribdTranslationsIntroduction
Themachinesof direct current and ofinductionthey have a wide range of
industrial applications such as traction, pumping,controland others. Without
embargo, the operation of thesystemelectric ofpowerrequires the conversion of
large amounts of primary energyoil, natural gas, water, coal,
uranium), in energy and electric power. The electric energy it can be
transported and converted into other forms of energy in a clean way and
economic. The synchronous machine is, today, the most widely used.
to convert large amounts of electrical energy andmechanics.
Depending on the drive mechanical system, synchronous machines
they can be constructed with a smooth rotor when they need to operate at high speeds, or with
salient pole rotor when they are powered at lowerspeed.
Even though a large percentage of synchronous machines are used as
generators in theplantsofproductionof electrical energy, due to
fundamentalmente al alto rendimiento que es posible alcanzar con estos
transducers and the possibility of controlling the voltage, on numerous occasions it
industrially employed as a driving element. Like other converters
electromechanical, the synchronous machine is completely reversible and is
day by day increases the number of applications where it can be used with
great advantages, especially when controlled bysources
electronic devices with variable frequency and voltage.
To ensure that the synchronous machine is capable of effectively converting
energymechanicsapplied to its axis, it is necessary that the field winding
located in the rotor of the machine is powered by a source of
direct current in such a way that when turning themagnetic fieldgenerated by the poles
of the rotor have amovementregarding the conductors of the windings of the
stator.
Synchronous machine
Synchronous machines are a type of alternating current motor. Their speed of
the rotation is constant and depends on the frequency of the electrical network voltage
that is connected and by the number of pole pairs of the motor, being known
that speed as 'synchronous speed'. This type of motor contains
electromagnets in the motor stator that create a rotating magnetic field
at this speed of synchronization. In practical terms, machines
synchronous machines have their greatest application in high powers, particularly
as generators either at low revolutions in hydroelectric plants, or
at high revolutions in steam or gas turbines. When the machine is located
connected to the network, the speed of its axis depends directly on the frequency
of the electrical variables (voltage and current) and the number of poles. This fact
gives rise to its name, as it is said that the machine operates in synchronism with
the network. For example, a machine with a pair of poles connected to a network of 50
[Hz] will rotate at a fixed speed of 3000 [RPM], if it were a machine of
two pairs of poles the speed would be 1500 [RPM] and so on, until
motors with 40 or more pole pairs that rotate at very low revolutions.
Synchronous generator
The synchronous generator (alternator) is a type of rotating electric machine capable
to transform mechanical energy into electrical energy. They are also known as
known as Synchronous Machines, the reason it is called a generator
synchronous is the equality between electrical frequency and angular frequency, it is
say, the generator will rotate at the speed of the magnetic field, so at this
equality of frequencies is called synchronism. The generators consist of
fundamentally from the rotor and the stator, both with windings. This machine
it works by feeding the rotor or field circuit through a battery
say that DC will flow through this winding, while in the stator or armature circuit
the current is alternating AC. The synchronous generator is mainly composed of
from a movable part or rotor and a fixed part or stator, the principle of
The operation of a synchronous generator is based on Faraday's law. For
to create induced tension in the (stator), we must create a magnetic field in the
rotor or field circuit, we will achieve this by powering the rotor with a battery,
this magnetic field will induce a voltage in the armature winding so
that we will have an alternating current flowing through it.