MIRROR TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

CHENNAI 600026,TAMILNADU

INTERNSHIP REPORT ON

STUDY ON EMBEDDED SYSTEM

SUBMITTED BY

[Link] [510421106042]

[Link] [510421106055]

[Link][510421106026]

B.E ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the students of ARUNAI ENGINEERING
COLLEGE, has successfully. Completed there Internship based on
"Embedded Systems" in our organization during the period
15/07/2024 ΤΟ 15/08/2024.

During this period, we found there sincere and hard working in

intern work. They has taken proper initiative and effort towards
completing there project. We wish to all success in there career.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am deeply thankful to “MIRROR TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD” as it has given me

golden opportunity to go through remarkable training on “EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS”. Here I have got valuable and detailed knowledge on real time
projects.I owe my gratitude to My Faculty cum Trainer “[Link]” for his
unmatched support , guidance and inspiration without which I would not have
learned so many new & innovative things in such a short span of time.
 ABSTRACT

Embedded systems are specialized computing systems that are integrated into
various devices and products to perform specific tasks. These systems
combine hardware and software components to create a single, functional unit
that operates within a larger system or device. Embedded systems are designed
to be efficient, reliable, and cost-effective, making them ubiquitous in modern
technology. Applications range from consumer electronics and appliances to
industrial control systems, medical devices, and autonomous vehicles. Key
characteristics include real-time operation, low power consumption, and small
size. As the Internet of Things (IoT) expands, embedded systems play a crucial
role in enabling smart, connected devices that transform the way we live and
work.
 INDEX

[Link] CHAPTER [Link]

01 COMPANY PROFILE 5
02 INTRODUCTION ON EMBEDDED SYSTEM 6-8
03 PROTEUS 8 PROFESSIONAL SOFTWARE 9-11
04 ARDUINO IDE 12-14
05 SERIAL COMMUNICATION USING ARDUINO UNO 15-16
06 I2C COMMUNICATION 17-19
07 CONCLUSION 20
 COMPANY PROFILE

Mirror Technologies Pvt Ltd is a leading company

in embedded systems, founded in 2008 . The company has over 7
years of excellence in the business sector and is known for its
expertise in embedded system, software, Android, and mobile
development .

Services

The company offers various services, including:

 Embedded Product Development

 Software Services
 Web Development
 Embedded with Android Product Development
 Real-Time Applications
 Training and Learning Development

Products

Mirror Technologies Pvt Ltd has in-depth expertise in developing

embedded and real-time software for various domains, including:

 Multimedia
 Automotive
 Networking
 Telecom
 Wireless
 INTRODUCTION ON EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Embedded systems are specialized computing systems

designed to perform a specific task within a larger device or system. They
combine hardware and software to create efficient, reliable, and cost-effective
solutions, operating in real-time to deliver timely responses. These systems are
ubiquitous, found in consumer electronics, appliances, industrial control
systems, medical devices, automotive systems, and aerospace applications.
Embedded systems are designed to be compact, low-power, and highly reliable,
making them ideal for use in devices where space and energy are limited. They
integrate advanced software and hardware technologies, enabling innovative
solutions that transform the way we live and work. With the ability to be
programmed using languages like C, C++, and Python, embedded systems are
becoming increasingly intelligent and connected, integrating artificial
intelligence, machine learning, and internet of things (IoT) capabilities. This
enables new levels of automation, control, and insight, shaping the future of
technology and society. Embedded systems play a vital role in various
industries, including healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing, making
them a crucial aspect of modern technology. As technology continues to evolve,
embedded systems will remain at the forefront, driving innovation and progress
in numerous fields.

What is Embedded System?

An embedded system is a combination of hardware and software

designed to perform a specific task. It is a self-contained system with a
dedicated function, embedded within a larger device or system.

Key Components:

1. Microcontroller (MCU) or Microprocessor (MPU)

2. Memory (RAM, ROM, Flash)

3. Input/Output (I/O) Devices (sensors, actuators, displays)

4. Power Supply

5. Communication Interfaces (UART, SPI, I2C, etc.)

Characteristics:
1. Real-time operation

2. Low power consumption

3. Small size

4. High reliability

5. Low cost

Embedded systems have a wide range of working areas, including:

1. Consumer Electronics: Smart TVs, set-top boxes, gaming consoles,

smart home devices, and appliances.

2. Industrial Control Systems: Manufacturing, robotics, process control,

and automation.

3. Medical Devices: Portable defibrillators, insulin pumps, medical

imaging, and patient monitoring systems.

4. Automotive Systems: Engine control units, infotainment systems,

safety systems, and autonomous vehicles.

5. Aerospace and Defense: Navigation, communication, and control

systems for aircraft, spacecraft, and military applications.

6. Internet of Things (IoT): Connected devices, smart sensors, and data

analytics for various industries.

7. Communication Systems: Routers, switches, modems, and other

network infrastructure devices.
8. Security Systems: Access control, surveillance, and alarm systems.

9. Smart Energy Systems: Smart grids, energy meters, and renewable

energy systems

10. Transportation Systems: Traffic management, rail control, and

navigation systems.

11. Medical Implants: Pacemakers, cochlear implants, and other

implantable devices.

12. Wearable Devices: Smartwatches, fitness trackers, and health

monitors.

13. Agricultural Systems: Precision farming, crop monitoring, and

livestock management.

14. Gaming Systems: Handheld consoles, gaming PCs, and arcade

machines.

15. Scientific Instruments: Laboratory equipment, test and measurement

devices, and analytical instruments.
 PROTEUS 8 PROFESSIONAL SOFTWARE

Proteus 8 Professional is a software tool used for designing, simulating,

and testing embedded systems and electronic circuits. It's a
comprehensive platform that combines schematic capture, simulation,
and PCB design capabilities.

key features:

1. Schematic Capture: Create and edit electronic circuits using a library

of
components.
2. Simulation: Test and analyze circuit behavior using SPICE simulation.
3. PCB Design: Design and layout printed circuit boards (PCBs) with
automatic routing.
4. Microcontroller Simulation: Simulate and program microcontrollers
from various manufacturers.
[Link] System Design: Design and test embedded systems,
including hardware and software components.
6. Debugging and Testing: Debug and test designs using various tools
and instruments.
7. Library and Component Management: Manage and create custom
libraries and components.
 WORKING ON PROTEUS:

STEP 1: Open a new Project File

STEP 2: Select components by using Pick Device Option “P”

 STEP 3:Search the component and press OK to select

STEP4:Selected Component is viewed in Project File

 ARDUINO IDE

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

is a free, open-source programming software used to write, compile,
and upload code to Arduino boards. It provides a user-friendly interface
for programming microcontrollers, making it accessible to hobbyists,
students, and professionals alike. The Arduino IDE supports C and C++
programming languages and features a comprehensive library of
functions and examples to simplify the coding process. With its
intuitive interface and streamlined workflow, the Arduino IDE enables
users to focus on creativity and innovation, bringing their projects to
life. Additionally, the software's cross-platform compatibility and
extensive community support make it an ideal choice for collaborative
projects and learning environments. Whether you're building a simple
LED circuit or a complex IoT device, the Arduino IDE provides the tools
and flexibility to bring your ideas to reality.
 WORKING IN ARDUINO IDE

STEP1:Select NEW FILE

STEP2:A LOOP File is Open

STEP3:Start The Program

STEP4:Save and Upload the Program to ARDUINO Board

 SERIAL COMMUNICATION USING ARDUINO UNO

Serial communication is a method of data transmission

where information is sent one bit at a time, sequentially, over a single
communication channel or line. This is in contrast to parallel
communication, where multiple bits are sent simultaneously over multiple
lines.

In serial communication, two PCs can act as controllers,

with one PC acting as the master (or transmitter) and the other PC acting
as the slave (or receiver). Here's a breakdown of the roles and
communication process:

Master (Transmitter) PC:

1. Initiates communication: Sends data to the slave PC.

2. Sets baud rate and protocol: Determines the data transfer rate
and
communication protocol.
3. Sends commands or data: Transmits data or commands to the
slave .

Slave (Receiver) PC:

1. Listens for incoming data: Receives data from the master PC.
2. Responds to commands: Executes commands or sends
responses
back to the master PC.
[Link] with master: Matches the baud rate and
protocol to the master PC.
 Communication Process:
1. Master PC sends data: The master PC transmits data to the
slave .

[Link] PC receives data: The slave PC receives the data and

processes it.

3. Slave PC responds: The slave PC sends a response or

acknowledgement back to the master PC

4. Master PC receives response: The master PC receives the

response
from the slave PC.
ARDUINO PROGRAM :
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

#define rx 2
#define tx 3
SoftwareSerial
mySerial(rx,tx);
void setup()
{

[Link](9600);

[Link](9600);

void loop()
{

[Link]([Link]('\n
')

);
delay(50);
}
KEY ASPECTS:

1. Bit-by-bit transmission: Data is transmitted one bit at a time, with

each
bit representing a 0 or 1.

2. Sequential transmission: Bits are sent in a sequence, with each bit

following the previous one.

3. Single communication channel: Data is transmitted over a single

channel or line, such as a wire or fiber optic cable.

4. Receiver reconstructs data: The receiving device reconstructs the

Original data
 I2C COMMUNICATION USING ESP32

I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) is a serial communication protocol

used for short-distance communication between devices. ESP32, a
microcontroller developed by Espressif, supports I2C communication. Here's
a brief overview of I2C communication using ESP32:

Hardware Requirements:

 ESP32 board (e.g., ESP32 DevKitC)

 I2C device (e.g., sensor, display, EEPROM)
 I2Ccables(SDA,SCL)

Software Requirements:

 ESP32 Arduino core (install in Arduino IDE)

 I2C library (included in ESP32 Arduino core)
I2C Pins on ESP32:

o SDA (GPIO 21)

o SCL (GPIO 22)

Basic Steps for I2C Communication using ESP32:

[Link] I2C on ESP32 using [Link]()

2. Set I2C clock speed using [Link]()

3. Scan for I2C devices using [Link]()

[Link] with I2C device using

[Link](), [Link](), and
[Link]()

5. Read data from I2C device using [Link]()

PROGRAM:

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

const int rs = 7 , en = 6, d4 =5 , d5 =4 , d6
=3 , d7 =2 ;

LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);

void setup()
{

[Link](16, 2);

[Link](" ");

}
void loop()
{

[Link](0, 1);

[Link](millis() / 5000);

}
Key aspects of I2C communication:

1. Master-Slave Architecture: One master device controls the

communication with one or more slave devices.

2. Two-Wire Interface: I2C uses two wires: Serial Data Line (SDA)
for data and Serial Clock Line (SCL) for clock.

3. Device Addressing: Each slave device has a unique 7-bit or 10-

bit address.

4. Clock Speed: I2C operates at various clock speeds: Standard

(100 kbps), Fast (400 kbps), Fast+ (1 Mbps), and High-Speed (3.4
Mbps).

5. Start and Stop Conditions: Communication begins with a Start

(S) condition and ends with a Stop (P) condition.

6. Acknowledge (ACK) Bits: Slave devices send ACK bits to

confirm data reception.

7. Data Transfer: Data is transferred in 8-bit bytes, with the most

significant bit (MSB) first.

8. Read/Write Operations: Master devices can read from or write

to
 CONCLUSION

During this internship I learned experience in embedded

systems has been incredibly enriching and enlightening. Throughout the
[X] weeks/months, I had the opportunity to delve into the intricacies of
embedded system design, development, and testing.

This internship has not only honed my technical skills but also
instilled in me essential soft skills like teamwork, communication, and
problem-solving. I appreciate the guidance and support provided by my
mentors and colleagues, who helped me navigate challenges and celebrate
successes.

As I conclude this internship, I am confident that the knowledge and

experience gained will serve as a solid foundation for my future endeavors
in embedded systems and beyond. I look forward to applying these skills
in future projects and continuing to explore the exciting world of embedded
systems."