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R Basics: Data Analysis & Visualization

This document serves as an introduction to R programming, covering basic commands, graphics, data indexing, and data loading techniques. It includes examples of creating and manipulating matrices, generating random numbers, and plotting data. Additionally, it demonstrates how to load datasets and perform graphical and numerical summaries using the Auto dataset.

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Lucio Juarez
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2 views2 pages

R Basics: Data Analysis & Visualization

This document serves as an introduction to R programming, covering basic commands, graphics, data indexing, and data loading techniques. It includes examples of creating and manipulating matrices, generating random numbers, and plotting data. Additionally, it demonstrates how to load datasets and perform graphical and numerical summaries using the Auto dataset.

Uploaded by

Lucio Juarez
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

# Chapter 2 Lab: Introduction to R

# Basic Commands

x <- c(1,3,2,5)
x
x = c(1,6,2)
x
y = c(1,4,3)
length(x)
length(y)
x+y
ls()
rm(x,y)
ls()
rm(list=ls())
?matrix
x=matrix(data=c(1,2,3,4), nrow=2, ncol=2)
x
x=matrix(c(1,2,3,4),2,2)
matrix(c(1,2,3,4),2,2,byrow=TRUE)
sqrt(x)
x^2
x=rnorm(50)
y=x+rnorm(50,mean=50,sd=.1)
cor(x,y)
[Link](1303)
rnorm(50)
[Link](3)
y=rnorm(100)
mean(y)
var(y)
sqrt(var(y))
sd(y)

# Graphics

x=rnorm(100)
y=rnorm(100)
plot(x,y)
plot(x,y,xlab="this is the x-axis",ylab="this is the y-axis",main="Plot of X vs Y")
pdf("[Link]")
plot(x,y,col="green")
[Link]()
x=seq(1,10)
x
x=1:10
x
x=seq(-pi,pi,length=50)
y=x
f=outer(x,y,function(x,y)cos(y)/(1+x^2))
contour(x,y,f)
contour(x,y,f,nlevels=45,add=T)
fa=(f-t(f))/2
contour(x,y,fa,nlevels=15)
image(x,y,fa)
persp(x,y,fa)
persp(x,y,fa,theta=30)
persp(x,y,fa,theta=30,phi=20)
persp(x,y,fa,theta=30,phi=70)
persp(x,y,fa,theta=30,phi=40)

# Indexing Data

A=matrix(1:16,4,4)
A
A[2,3]
A[c(1,3),c(2,4)]
A[1:3,2:4]
A[1:2,]
A[,1:2]
A[1,]
A[-c(1,3),]
A[-c(1,3),-c(1,3,4)]
dim(A)

# Loading Data

Auto=[Link]("[Link]")
fix(Auto)
Auto=[Link]("[Link]",header=T,[Link]="?")
fix(Auto)
Auto=[Link]("[Link]",header=T,[Link]="?")
fix(Auto)
dim(Auto)
Auto[1:4,]
Auto=[Link](Auto)
dim(Auto)
names(Auto)

# Additional Graphical and Numerical Summaries

plot(cylinders, mpg)
plot(Auto$cylinders, Auto$mpg)
attach(Auto)
plot(cylinders, mpg)
cylinders=[Link](cylinders)
plot(cylinders, mpg)
plot(cylinders, mpg, col="red")
plot(cylinders, mpg, col="red", varwidth=T)
plot(cylinders, mpg, col="red", varwidth=T,horizontal=T)
plot(cylinders, mpg, col="red", varwidth=T, xlab="cylinders", ylab="MPG")
hist(mpg)
hist(mpg,col=2)
hist(mpg,col=2,breaks=15)
pairs(Auto)
pairs(~ mpg + displacement + horsepower + weight + acceleration, Auto)
plot(horsepower,mpg)
identify(horsepower,mpg,name)
summary(Auto)
summary(mpg)

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