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Science

The document discusses various concepts related to electricity, including the functioning of electric heaters, calculations of heat generated, and energy consumption of appliances. It explains the principles of resistance, current, and power in electrical circuits, as well as the differences between series and parallel connections. Additionally, it addresses the materials used in electrical components and their properties.

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6 views5 pages

Science

The document discusses various concepts related to electricity, including the functioning of electric heaters, calculations of heat generated, and energy consumption of appliances. It explains the principles of resistance, current, and power in electrical circuits, as well as the differences between series and parallel connections. Additionally, it addresses the materials used in electrical components and their properties.

Uploaded by

emav82638
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Crass X Chapter 12 - Electricity Scienee Way does the cord of an electric heater not glow while the heating element does? Answer: The heating element of an electric heater is a resistor. The amount of heat produced by ‘As proportional to its resistance. The resistance of the element of an electric heater is Compute the heat generated while transferring 96000 coulomb Of charge in one hour through a potential difference of 50 V, Answers The amount of heat (H) produced is given by the Joule’s law of heating as Hath Where, Voltage, V= soy Time, t 1h=1x 60x 60s pe —Amountofcharze 96000 go ‘ Amount of current, ‘Tinie oF How of charge Ixo0x00 7 3 11 = 300 60.60=4.8x10"9 Therefore, tne heat generated is Question 3 Where, Current, = 5A Time, ¢ = 305 Vohege, V = Current « Resistance = § x 20 = 100 v Page 12 of 27 Current drawn by the bulb of rating 100 W is given by, Power = Voltage x Current Power Voltage Similarly, current drawn by the bulb of rating 100 W is given by, Current = Power = Voltage * Current - Power Current = ———— Voltage 100 6 4 ence. current drawn from the line = — +—- Hence. current drawn 0 Question 16: Which uses more energy, a 250 W TV set in 1 hr, or a 1200 W toaster in 10 minutes? Answer: Energy consumed by an electrical appliance is given by the expression, H=Pr Where, Power of the appliance = P Time = ¢ Energy consumed by a TV set of Power 250 W in 1h = 250 x 3600 =9 x 1059 Energy consumed by a toaster of power 1200 W in 10 minutes = 1200 x 600 = 7.2x 10°) Therefore, the energy consumed by a 250 W TV set in 1h is more than the energy Consumed by a toaster of power 1200 W in 10 minutes, Question 17: Calculate the rate at which heat is developed in the heater, Answer: Rate of heat produced by a device is given by the expression for power as PPR Where, Resistance of the electric heater, R = 8.Q Current drawn, / = 15 Page 26 of 27 pe (sy eS = T8OO ds erefore, heat is produced by the heater at the rate of 1800 J/s. TH Explain the following. (a) Why is the tungsten w (b) why are the conductors of electric heal pure metal? filament of electric tamps? sed aimost exclusively for such as bread-toas! ting devices, ters end made of an alloy rather than a for domestic circuits? h its area of cross-' -section? ty transmission? electric irons, (c) Why is the series arrangement not used (4) How does the resistance of @ wire vary wit (e) ally employed for electrici Answer: (a) The melting point and resistivity of tun st a high temperature. The electric lamps ungsten is mainly used as heating element of b) The conductors of electric heating devices s sre made of alloy Why are copper and aluminium wires usu; gsten are very high. It does not burn readily glow at very high temperatures. Hence, electric bulbs. uch as bread toasters and el y because resistivity of an alloy is more than that of metals- It jectric irons produces arge amount of heat. eives division in series circuits. Each component of a series circuit rec ¢) There is voltage ye amount of current decreases , small voltage for a larg snd the device becomes hot. Hence, series arrangement is no! e supply voltage. As a result, the t used in domestic circuits. inversely proportional to its area of cross-section (A), i-e., 4) Resistance (R) of 2 wire is | \ K sistivity. They are good conductors of per and aluminium wires have low re’ icity transmission. (e) Cop they are usually employed for electri electricity. Hence, Pay R x2=NW i) Potential difference, V = 4 y 2 Qand 2 Q resistors are connected in parallel. The voltage across each component of pari : barailel circuit remains the same, Hence, the voltage across 2 8 resistor wi be 4 ower consumed by 2 2 resistor is given by sw Therefore, the power used by 2 2 resistor is 8 W. Two lamps, one rated 100 W at 220 V, and the other 60 W at 220 V, are connected in parallel to electric mains supply. What current is drawn from the line if the supply voltage is 220 V? Answer: Both the bulbs are connected in parallel. Therefore, potential difference across each of them will be 220 V, because no division of voltage occurs in a parallel circuit. Current drawn by the bulb of rating 100 W is given by, Power = Voltage

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