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SERI OMEGA PRIVATE & INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Subject : Additional Mathematics Level : Year 10 Online Lesson : 10

Chapter(s) : 7. Logarithmic & Exponential Functions Date : 4 August 2021
________________________________________________________________________________

7.1. Introduction to Logarithms

Exponential Form Logarithmic Form

index

ax = N ⇔ loga N = x
base

where N > 0 , a > 0 and a ≠ 1

Q 1. Express in logarithmic form :

(a) 25 = 52 (b) 2x = 16

1 3
(c) 3−2 = (d) 27 = 81 4
9

Q 2. Express in exponential form :

(a) log2 8 = 3 (b) logx+1 y = 2

1 1
(c) log10 =−1 (d) log9 3 =
10 2

1
7.2. Laws of Logarithms

(Power Law)

loga x n = n loga x

For a > 0 and a ≠ 1,

loga a = 1 ; loga 1 = 0

Q 3. Without using a calculator, evaluate :

(a) log11 11 (b) log3 27

(c) log6 1 (d) log2 32

(e) log3 81 (f) log8 64

1
(g) log2 (h) log4 2
8

2
Q 4. Without using a calculator, evaluate :

(a) log5 1 − 3 log2 2 (b) log3 9 + log2 8

1 1
(c) log7 49 − log3 (d) 2 log3 27 + log2
9 8

logx 32
(e) log3(5 + log2 16) (f)
logx 4

3
 For a > 0 and a ≠ 1,

aloga x = x

Q 5. Without using a calculator, evaluate :

(a) 3log3 11 (b) 73 log7 2

(c) 8log2 6 (d) 16log 4 5

(4)
log2 3
log5 9 1
(e) 5 (f)

4
 (Product Law) (Quotient Law)

(y)
x
loga x y = loga x + loga y loga = loga x — loga y

(y)
x
loga x + loga y = loga x y loga x — loga y = loga

Q 6. Given that loga X = p and loga Y = q, express in terms of p and/or q :

X4
(a) loga X Y 2 (b) loga
Y

aY
(c) loga X 2Y 5 (d) loga
X3

X
(e) loga a 3 X Y 2 (f) loga
Y

5
Q 7. Express as a single logarithm :

(a) logx 5 + logx 3 (b) logx 42 − logx 7

(c) 2 logx 3 + logx 4 (d) 4 logx 4 − 2 logx 8

2 81 3
(e) logx 4 + logx 8 − 3 logx 2 (f) 2 logx + logx − 2 logx
3 8 4

(g) logx P − logx Q + 2 (h) 1 − 2 logx P − 3 logx Q

6
 (Change of Base Law)

logc b 1
loga b = or loga b =
logc a logb a

where a, b, c are positive numbers and a ≠ 1 , c ≠ 1.

Q 8. By changing the following to base 10, evaluate correct to 3 s.f. : log10 x = lg x

(a) log5 7 (b) log8 5.6

(c) log8 97 + log9 85 (d) log2 35 − log4 13

(e) log11 0.89 × log0.4 39 (f) log5 19 ÷ log3 15

7
Q 9. Without using a calculator, evaluate :

(a) log3 7 × log7 5 × log5 3

(b) 5 log7 2 × 4 log2 7

(c) log2 25 × log3 4 × log5 9

8
Q10. Given that log3 x = k , express in terms of k :
81
(a) log9 3x (b) log27 x (c) log9
x

Q11. Given that log2 3 = m and log2 5 = n , express in terms of m and/or n :

(a) log5 9 (b) log3 15 (c) log9 10

9
Miscellaneous Questions

Q 1. Given that log3 p = x and log3 q = y, express in terms of x and/or y :

(q)
1
(a) log3 pq (b) log3 (c) log3 9p

Q 2. Given that log5 x = u , express in terms of u :

( 125 )
x
(a) x (b) log5 (c) log5 5 x

10
Q 3. Given that log 4 m = x and log 4 n = y, express in terms of x and/or y:

( 16 )
3 n2
(a) log4 m (b) log4 (c) mn

Q 4. Given that loga x = 6 and loga y = 8 , find the value of

x
(a) loga(x y)2 (b) loga x y (c) loga
y

11
Q 5. Write the following as a single logarithm :
(a) 2 logx 4 − 3 logx 2

(b) logm 5 + 3

1 1
(c) 2 logk − logk 8 + logk 64
4 2

1
(d) 2− logp 27 + logp 9
3

12
Q 6. Given that log10 5 = k , express in terms of k :

(a) log5 100 (b) log5 2 (c) log 1 5

2

Q 7. Given that logp X = 2 and logp Y = 6, find the value of

1
(a) logX Y (b) logY (c) logXY p 2
X

13
Q 8. Given that log2 M = a and log2 N = b , express in terms of a and/or b :

(N)
M
(a) log4 M (b) log8 (c) log 2
MN

Q 9. Given that log3 5 = x and log3 7 = y , express in terms of x and/or y :

(a) log25 35 (b) log5 21 (c) log7 45

14
 SERI OMEGA PRIVATE & INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Subject : Additional Mathematics Level : Year 10 Online Lesson : 10

Chapter(s) : 7. Logarithmic & Exponential Functions Date : 4 August 2021
________________________________________________________________________________
Model Answers

7.1. Introduction to Logarithms

Exponential Form Logarithmic Form

index

ax = N ⇔ loga N = x
base

where N > 0 , a > 0 and a ≠ 1

Q 1. Express in logarithmic form :

(a) 25 = 52 (b) 2x = 16

109,25 2 109,16 1

1 3
(c) 3−2 = (d) 27 = 81 4
9

109,4 2 1098127
4

Q 2. Express in exponential form :

(a) log2 8 = 3 (b) logx+1 y = 2

23 8 Gets
y

1 1
(c) log10 =−1 (d) log9 3 =
10 2

10 to 91 3

1
7.2. Laws of Logarithms

(Power Law)

loga x n = n loga x

For a > 0 and a ≠ 1,

loga a = 1 ; loga 1 = 0

Q 3. Without using a calculator, evaluate :

(a) log11 11 (b) log3 27

109333
I 3

(c) log6 1 (d) log2 32

0 log 25 5

(e) log3 81 (f) log8 64

log34 4 log 82 2

1
(g) log2 (h) log4 2
8

3
1092213 log 2 109454 logy4

3 L
2
Q 4. Without using a calculator, evaluate :

(a) log5 1 − 3 log2 2 (b) log3 9 + log2 8

0 3 3 log t log

2 3

1 1
(c) log7 49 − log3 (d) 2 log3 27 + log2
9 8

L 109,3 2 23 109223

6 13
2 14
3

logx 32
(e) log3(5 + log2 16) (f)
logx 4

109315 109224 log 25

09315 4 log 22

09,9 5109 2
2109 2
109332

L 2.5

3
 For a > 0 and a ≠ 1,

aloga x = x

Q 5. Without using a calculator, evaluate :

(a) 3log3 11 (b) 73 log7 2

710923
11
23

(c) 8log2 6 (d) 16log 4 5

42109 5 4109452
23109,6 2109263

52
63
25
216

(4)
log2 3
log5 9 1
(e) 5 (f)

5110959 510959s

qt 21923
2

Ig 3

I
4
 (Product Law) (Quotient Law)

(y)
x
loga x y = loga x + loga y loga = loga x — loga y

(y)
x
loga x + loga y = loga x y loga x — loga y = loga

Q 6. Given that loga X = p and loga Y = q, express in terms of p and/or q :

X4
(a) loga X Y 2 (b) loga
Y

logattlogay logax logay

logattalogay 4logaX legal

p12g xp g

aY
(c) loga X 2Y 5 (d) loga
X3

logattlogay [Link] ogaY logaR

2logaXt5logaY logay 3logax

2p sq ltq sp

X
(e) loga a 3 X Y 2 (f) loga
Y

logaastlogattlogay [Link] tlogaty

3tlogaX slogaY logall logay

3 Elp q
pt2q
E
5
Q 7. Express as a single logarithm :

(a) logx 5 + logx 3 (b) logx 42 − logx 7

109 5 3 log

109,15
logxb

(c) 2 logx 3 + logx 4 (d) 4 logx 4 − 2 logx 8

log t logy

log 9 4 log
Eg
µ 109 4

2 81 3
(e) logx 4 + logx 8 − 3 logx 2 (f) 2 logx + logx − 2 logx
3 8 4

109 48 10923 1911 3 19,4 log

11
09,13 109
144
109
4 109
14 418
109
8

(g) logx P − logx Q + 2 (h) 1 − 2 logx P − 3 logx Q

log P logQ 2logxk 19k 19,1 log as

log E log log Eas
log
E

6
 (Change of Base Law)

logc b 1
loga b = or loga b =
logc a logb a

where a, b, c are positive numbers and a ≠ 1 , c ≠ 1.

Q 8. By changing the following to base 10, evaluate correct to 3 s.f. : log10 x = lg x

(a) log5 7 (b) log8 5.6

195.6
I 11.21
Ig 8
0.828

(c) log8 97 + log9 85 (d) log2 35 − log4 13

1,1 19 s
199
1
I 4.22 13.28

(e) log11 0.89 × log0.4 39 (f) log5 19 ÷ log3 15

[Link] 1939 1919

1g
x
190.4 1g É
a 0.194 to 742

7
Q 9. Without using a calculator, evaluate :

(a) log3 7 × log7 5 × log5 3

4 YI YI I

(b) 5 log7 2 × 4 log2 7

7 x
I 5 4

So

(c) log2 25 × log3 4 × log5 9

1
I II I II
n x

4 YI YI
2X 2X 2

8
Q10. Given that log3 x = k , express in terms of k :
81
(a) log9 3x (b) log27 x (c) log9
x

log 3K log
10939 109327
10939
1093K
10933 log x
log81 leg K
109332 109333
log
It k Ik 3 10933 k
2
Ext
I tf

Q11. Given that log2 3 = m and log2 5 = n , express in terms of m and/or n :

(a) log5 9 (b) log3 15 (c) log9 10

log 9 log s
log logy
logs
109232
log 3 5 logins
m
n log
log 3 109,5 log 2 19,5
21 m
2m
em Itn
2m

9
Miscellaneous Questions

Q 1. Given that log3 p = x and log3 q = y, express in terms of x and/or y :

(q)
1
(a) log3 pq (b) log3 (c) log3 9p

log ptlog log I log 10939 109

q q p
x
Kty y
0933

2tx

Q 2. Given that log5 x = u , express in terms of u :

( 125 )
x
(a) x (b) log5 (c) log5 5 x

5 logsc 195125 1 5 1 5
retertopg 1
u logs logat

U 3 fu

10
Q 3. Given that log 4 m = x and log 4 n = y, express in terms of x and/or y:

( 16 )
3 n2
(a) log4 m (b) log4 (c) mn

logyM's refer
logan logy16 pg
ykty
3 K Ly loggy

say

Q 4. Given that loga x = 6 and loga y = 8 , find the value of

x
(a) loga(x y)2 (b) loga x y (c) loga
y

zlogaky Gaktlogayt t
[Link]
2 logaxylogay
6 118 legally
216 8
6 4
logan logay
2114
lo
g 68

L s

11
Q 5. Write the following as a single logarithm :
(a) 2 logx 4 − 3 logx 2

log 4 log23 lag

log s

(b) logm 5 + 3

logs t 3log
mm logmtt logmm

logmsm's

1 1
(c) 2 logk − logk 8 + logk 64
4 2

log t log 8 log

by logic 8 8

logy
tf

1
(d) 2− logp 27 + logp 9
3

2log
pp log 275 log 9 log p log 3 t log
pg
log

log 3ps

12
Q 6. Given that log10 5 = k , express in terms of k :

(a) log5 100 (b) log5 2 (c) log 1 5

2

log 100 109,02 109,5

109105
log 5 log I
109,10 log F k
k k 10910
4
log 10 109,5
k
k 109,5 109,10

Ik k
k k I

Q 7. Given that logp X = 2 and logp Y = 6, find the value of

1
(a) logX Y (b) logY (c) logXY p 2
X

109pA 109pA
logy
2
I logpl logX
logpXtlogpy
6

If
I
I

13
Q 8. Given that log2 M = a and log2 N = b , express in terms of a and/or b :

(N)
M
(a) log4 M (b) log8 (c) log 2
MN

logan
logMN
109,4
log E
log 8

19,2 192Mtlogan
logan logan
logast
log23

a
3
b
af
slatb

Zatzb

Q 9. Given that log3 5 = x and log3 7 = y , express in terms of x and/or y :

(a) log25 35 (b) log5 21 (c) log7 45

log 35
10937
109,5
109 9 5
109,15 7 109 3 7
x

iii
109,5
i log9 109,5
10933 109,7
109,5 19,7
K
2K 10933
xx
Hy y
2411
y

14