Below are **10 theory questions** (with detailed **marking schemes**) based on the **JSS3

Mathematics Scheme of Work (Weeks 2–9)**.

These are suitable for **Junior Secondary School 3** students and test **understanding, explanation,
step-by-step working, and application**.

Each question is worth **8 marks** and is structured in **3 parts (a, b, c)** to match typical theory
exam formats.

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### **Question 1: Indices and Standard Form (Week 2)**

a) Explain the meaning of **negative index** and **zero index**. Give one example each. *(3 marks)*

b) Simplify fully: \( \frac{3^5 \times 3^2}{3^4} \). *(3 marks)*

c) Express 0.000078 in standard form. *(2 marks)*

**Marking Guide**:

a) Negative: \( a^{-n} = \frac{1}{a^n} \) (1 mark); Zero: \( a^0 = 1 \) (1 mark); Examples (1 mark).

b) \( 3^{5+2-4} = 3^3 = 27 \) (3 marks).

c) \( 7.8 \times 10^{-5} \) (2 marks).

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### **Question 2: Logarithms (Week 3)**

a) Define **logarithm** and state its relationship with **indices**. *(3 marks)*

b) Simplify: \( \log_{10} 100 + \log_{10} 1000 - \log_{10} 10 \). *(3 marks)*

c) Solve: \( \log_5 x = 2 \). *(2 marks)*

**Marking Guide**:
a) \( \log_a b = c \iff a^c = b \) (2 marks); inverse of indices (1 mark).

b) \( \log_{10} (100 \times 1000 \div 10) = \log_{10} 10000 = 4 \) (3 marks).

c) \( x = 5^2 = 25 \) (2 marks).

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### **Question 3: Simple Quadratic Equations (Week 4)**

a) State the **quadratic formula** and explain the meaning of each letter. *(3 marks)*

b) Solve \( x^2 - 6x + 8 = 0 \) by **factorization**. Show all steps. *(3 marks)*

c) Find the **sum** and **product** of the roots of \( 2x^2 + 5x - 3 = 0 \) without solving. *(2 marks)*

**Marking Guide**:

a) \( x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a} \); \( a, b, c \) coefficients (3 marks).

b) \( (x-2)(x-4)=0 \Rightarrow x=2,4 \) (3 marks).

c) Sum = \( -\frac{b}{a} = -\frac{5}{2} \); Product = \( \frac{c}{a} = -\frac{3}{2} \) (2 marks).

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### **Question 4: Simultaneous Equations (Week 5)**

a) Explain the **elimination method** with a simple example (not from part b). *(3 marks)*

b) Solve using **substitution**:

\( y = 2x + 1 \)

\( 3x + 2y = 13 \) *(3 marks)*

c) A man is 3 times as old as his son. In 5 years, he will be 2.5 times as old. Form and solve the equations.
*(2 marks)*
**Marking Guide**:

a) Eliminate one variable by making coefficients equal (2 marks); example (1 mark).

b) Substitute: \( 3x + 2(2x+1) = 13 \Rightarrow 7x + 2 = 13 \Rightarrow x= \frac{11}{7}, y= \frac{18}{7} \)

(3 marks).

c) Let son = \( x \), man = \( 3x \); \( 3x + 5 = 2.5(x + 5) \Rightarrow x=10 \), man=30 (2 marks).

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### **Question 5: Algebraic Expressions and Factorization (Week 6)**

a) Simplify: \( 5(2x - 3) - 3(x + 4) \). *(2 marks)*

b) Factorize completely: \( 4x^2 - 12x + 9 \). *(3 marks)*

c) Factorize by grouping: \( xy + 2x + 3y + 6 \). *(3 marks)*

**Marking Guide**:

a) \( 10x - 15 - 3x - 12 = 7x - 27 \) (2 marks).

b) \( (2x - 3)^2 \) (3 marks).

c) \( x(y+2) + 3(y+2) = (x+3)(y+2) \) (3 marks).

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### **Question 6: Mensuration – Perimeter and Area (Week 7)**

a) State the formula for:

i) Area of a trapezium

ii) Circumference of a circle *(2 marks)*

b) A rectangular room is 8 m by 6 m.

i) Find its perimeter.

 ii) How many 0.5 m × 0.5 m tiles are needed for the floor? *(3 marks)*

c) A circle has area 154 cm². Find its radius. (\( \pi = \frac{22}{7} \)) *(3 marks)*

**Marking Guide**:

a) i) \( \frac{1}{2}(a+b)h \) (1); ii) \( 2\pi r \) (1).

b) i) \( 2(8+6)=28 \) m (1); ii) Area = 48 m² → \( 48 \div 0.25 = 192 \) tiles (2).

c) \( \pi r^2 = 154 \Rightarrow r^2 = 154 \times \frac{7}{22} = 49 \Rightarrow r=7 \) cm (3).

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### **Question 7: Trigonometry – Introduction (Week 8)**

a) Label **opposite**, **adjacent**, and **hypotenuse** on a right-angled triangle with ∠A = 90°. *(2
marks)*

b) In a triangle, opp = 7 cm, adj = 24 cm.

i) Find \( \tan \theta \)

ii) Find \( \theta \) to nearest degree. *(3 marks)*

c) A ladder 13 m long leans against a wall. The foot is 5 m from the wall. Find the angle with the ground.
*(3 marks)*

**Marking Guide**:

a) Correct labels (2 marks).

b) i) \( \tan \theta = \frac{7}{24} \) (1); ii) \( \theta = \tan^{-1}(7/24) \approx 16^\circ \) (2).

c) \( \cos \theta = \frac{5}{13} \Rightarrow \theta = \cos^{-1}(5/13) \approx 67^\circ \) (3).

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### **Question 8: Statistics – Data Collection & Representation (Week 9)**

a) Differentiate between **primary** and **secondary data**. Give one example each. *(3 marks)*

b) The marks of 6 students are: 45, 60, 55, 70, 50, 65.

i) Find the mean

ii) Construct a frequency table with class intervals 40–49, 50–59, etc. *(3 marks)*

c) Represent the data in (b) using a **bar chart** (describe in words). *(2 marks)*

**Marking Guide**:

a) Primary: collected by user; Secondary: from others (2 marks); examples (1).

b) i) Mean = \( \frac{345}{6} = 57.5 \) (1); ii) Table: 40–49:1, 50–59:2, 60–69:2, 70–79:1 (2).

c) Bars at 45(1), 50–59(2), 60–69(2), 70(1) (2).

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### **Question 9: Mixed Application (Weeks 2–6)**

a) Simplify: \( \frac{2^3 \times 4^2}{8} \). *(2 marks)*

b) Solve: \( \log_{10} (x+1) = 1 \). *(2 marks)*

c) Factorize: \( x^2 + 2x - 15 \) and use to solve \( x^2 + 2x - 15 = 0 \). *(4 marks)*

**Marking Guide**:

a) \( 2^3 \times (2^2)^2 \div 2^3 = 2^3 \times 2^4 \div 2^3 = 2^4 = 16 \) (2).

b) \( x+1 = 10^1 \Rightarrow x=9 \) (2).

c) \( (x+5)(x-3)=0 \Rightarrow x=-5,3 \) (4).

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### **Question 10: Real-Life Word Problem (Weeks 7–8)**

A triangular plot has base 20 m and height 15 m.

a) Find its area. *(2 marks)*

b) A fence is built around it. If fencing costs ₦250 per meter, find the total cost. *(3 marks)*

c) A tree in the plot casts a 9 m shadow when the sun is at 60° to the ground. Find the height of the tree.
*(3 marks)*

**Marking Guide**:

a) \( \frac{1}{2} \times 20 \times 15 = 150 \) m² (2).

b) Perimeter = 20 + hyp1 + hyp2 → use Pythagoras: hypotenuse sides ≈ 18.03 m each → total ≈ 56.06 m
→ cost ≈ ₦14,015 (3).

c) \( \tan 60^\circ = \frac{h}{9} \Rightarrow h = 9\sqrt{3} \approx 15.59 \) m (3).

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### **General Instructions for Students**

- Show **all working** clearly.

- Use **diagrams** where necessary (especially in mensuration and trigonometry).

- Write answers in **simplest form**.

- Use \( \pi = \frac{22}{7} \) unless stated otherwise.

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### **Teacher’s Notes**

- Use these for **term exams**, **mock tests**, or **revision**.

- Allocate **8 marks per question** → total 80 marks for 10 questions.

- Provide **graph paper** for statistics and mensuration.

- Allow **scientific calculators** for trigonometry and logs.

Let me know if you want **answer sheets**, **diagram templates**, or **PDF version**!