Information Age
1.
Determine the human and social impacts of the developments
in the information age
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this chapter,
2.
the students should be Discuss the evolution of technology from the ancient times up
able to: to the present; and
3.
Illustrate how social media have affected their lives.
Humans are surrounded on all sides by
technology claiming to supply information:
Television, smart phones, and internet devices,
among others .
Before the printed word, the written word was
prevalent. Yet, intent to carry information has
always been present
HOWEVER, DO THEY ALL PROVIDE INFORMATION
OR JUST NOISE? MORE VOICES ARE TRYING TO
GET OUR ATTENTION BUT HOW CAN WE BE SURE
THAT THEY SHARE KNOWLEDGE ABD THE TRUTH?
Information Age
or Digital age or New Media Age
James R. Messenger
defined as period starting in the last quarter of the 20th proposed the Theory of Information age in 1982, that
century when information became effortlessly accessible information age is a true new age based upon the
through publications and through management of interconnection of computers via telecommunication,
computers and computer networks the information was easily disseminated even on the
actual time it was needed or either in a specific time
it was founded as very useful and convenient but then it
Information started in 1901 wherein the access of also makes a human dependent on it.
information was easy and quickly since different
technology was invented which makes our life easier
than before
The Role of
Language
In the human quest for understanding the natural world,
the ability to name and classify objects found in nature
was seen as first step in knowing.
Language
for the Ancient Greeks it was an object worthy of
admiration. WORD have power
The scientific search for truth early on recognized the
usefulness of LANGUAGE and the ability it gave to make
sense of nature
How is it possible that one’s idea can simultaneously exist in his/ her
mind and in another’s?
How is it possible that human beings can communicate through words
and thus form a community?
Does the power of the communicated word come from a the speaker,
Who is the thinker and the source , or from the listener, who is the
recipient of the communication?
The first Philosophers, as they thrashed about groping
for seeking a unifying principle in nature, sometimes hit
upon things such as fire or water. but they believed that
The Role of something was common in all of these. The many
seemingly different things in the natural world must
Language
have a unifying factor. There was an inside to be
“understood”
meta phusis - after nature
Science Plato’s Principle
rom the Latin word scire (to know), is one kind of One and the Many” refers to the underlying unity
knowledge the Greeks wanted to understand. among diverse beings in the natural world.
For him, there is a common intrinsic nature shared by
different objects, which determines their real sense.
Biologists devised a way to illustrate this principle using
a system differentiating between genus and species.
Many species belong in one genus.
The idea of comprehending words as more than just
combinations of sounds led the Greeks to seek out the
principles of everyday language. In 21st century, we are aware more than ever that there
is rich diversity in nature, which technology has allowed
us to discover(BANWA Natural Science, 2008)
Mathematics as the
Language of Nature
Technology in the modern world is fruit of science. Because the
scientific method helped people discover how nature behaves, they
were able to control nature with technology. A more accurate statement
is: Since people have discovered the laws and language of nature, they
can develop technology that uses these laws and language for their
benefit.
Mathematics, the great contribution of Isaac Newton. Nature can be
understood because it speaks in the language of mathematics and
human brain, to a certain extent, can comprehend this language
(Wigner, 1960). Unfortunately, this fact is not always appreciated.
History
3000 BC 2900 BC
Beginning of Egyptian Hieroglyphic writing
Sumerian writing system used pictographs to
represent words
1300 BC 500 BC
Papyrus roll was used
Tortoise shell (plastron) and oracle bone writing were
used
History
100 BC 105 BC
Woodblock printing and paper was invented by the
Book (Parchment Codex) Chinese
1455 1755
Samuel Johnson’s dictionary standardized English
Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press Spelling
using movable metal type
History
1802 1824
Research on persistence of vision published
The Library of Congress was established (Largest Peter Roget - proposed the persistence of vision
library in the world)
Invention of Arc Lamp
1830s 1837
Invention of telegraph in Great Britain and the United
First viable design for a digital computer States
Agusta Lady Byron writes the world’s first computer Samuel Morse - inventor of telegraph
program (Bernoulli numbers)
History
1861 1876
Dewey Decimal were projected onto a screen
Motion pictures were projected onto a screen
1877 1899
First magnetic recordings were released
Eadweard Muybridge demonstrated high - speed
photography
History
1902 1906
Lee DeForest invented the electronic amplifying
Motion pictures special effects were used tube(Triode)
1923 1926
First practical sound movie
Television camera tube was invented by Zvorkyn
History
1939 1940s
Beginnings of information science as discipline
Regularly scheduled television broadcasting began in
the US
1945 1946
ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
Vannevar Bush foresaw the invention of hypertext was developed
History
1948 1957
Planar Transistor was developed by Jean Hoerni
Birth of field of information theory proposed by
Claude E. Shannon
1958 1960s
Library of Congress developed LC MARC (machine
First integrated circuit readable code)
History
1969 1971
Intel introduced the first microprocessor chip
UNIX operating system was developed, which could
handle multitasking
1972 1974
MCA and Philips agreed videodisc encoding format
Optical laserdisc was developed by Philips and MCA
History
1975 1977
RadioShack introduced the first complete personal
Altair Microcomputer Kit was released: first personal computer
computer for the public
1984 Mid 1980s
Artificial Intelligence was separated from information
Apple Macintosh computer was introduced science
History
1987 1991
450 complete works of literature on one CD - ROM
Hypercard was developed by Bill Atkinson recipe box was released
Metaphor
January 1997
RSA (encryption and network security software)
Internet security code cracked for a 48 - bit number
Due to abundance of the information, it was difficult to collect and
manage them starting the year 1960s to 1970s. Richard Wurman called
the phenomenon as “Information Anxiety” during 1980s.
Year 1990s , it became an important tool in the business world because
it provides the development of each business.
Information is an essential tool for our everyday living, without
Information we will not able to gain new knowledge that will helps us to
improve our way of living
Robert Harris detailed some facts about
information age on his article “Truths of the
Information Age” which are the following:
1. Information must compete 2. Newer is equated with truer
If the information was released recently, people
It means that although we have so much information mostly think that is true/ valid because it is up to
there is always the one who will be recognized by the date which we forget that there is also some
people and will stand out information which are true although they are
released in the past.
3. Selection is a view point 4. The media sells what the culture buys
It means that were able to know and adapt different
We have to look for different sources for us to come in cultures because of the media. For example, the K-
a best conclusion. It also helps us to avoid being pop, because of the media we were able to know how
biased in some information we will be getting. to pronounce their language and now most of youths
speaks some of Korean words.
Robert Harris detailed some facts about
information age on his article “Truths of the
Information Age” which are the following:
5. The early word gets the perm 6. You are what you eat and so is your brain
Majority of the people are believing the information
Once the issue first presented in one channel, the so quickly without knowing the background of it.
concepts, terms and attitudes will be the definition of So, we should not drove into conclusions without
the issue that will end up comparing the information getting all the ideas and information for us not to be
when it was presented in the other media channel biased and have a valid information that will be
stored in our minds.
7. Anything in great demand will be counterfeited
8. Ideas are seen as controversial
Information that gets trendy is mostly the information We all have different perspective about an idea or
that is being fabricated or edited which leads us to get information and there are times that not all people
‘fake news’. We can only prove that the information is around us have the same idea we might have think of
legit or true if the statement or information is delivered or some of them might not agree to our ideas that’s
by reliable person or he/she is the part of the issue that is why ideas are controversy. An example of this is the
being on the trend. For example Maris Racal and battle between a debate wherein two opposing teams
Anthony Jennings . It was one of the hottest issue on (the anti and pro or the positive and the negative) are
showbiz that’s why there are different version of the fighting for their stands.
stories about it.
Robert Harris detailed some facts about
information age on his article “Truths of the
Information Age” which are the following:
9. Undead information walks ever on 10. Media presence creates the story
Information still continue even though it happened Media influences everyone a lot specially children
years or eras ago. It doesn’t die especially if it is that is why acted the way they should not which
alarming or special event that has affect in our history. makes it like new story was created.
For example, the issues during Marcos’ period, even
though it was years ago it is still being discussed in
schools even today.
11. The medium selects the message 12. The whole truth is a pursuit
We all know that the news or information we watched
The first issue or information we watched in or read in televisions or social media are already
televisions is mostly the news that talks about filtered. Some information was deducted or they were
calamities, disaster which is very important for the not providing the detailed story about the issue. Which
people to know because it concerns them sometimes lead to the unrevealed truth
Computers
are among the greatest contribution in the information age to our society.
an electronic device that stores and processes data(Information)
it provides us an easy access to different information we needed.
it runs on a program that contains the exact, step - by - step directions to
solve the problem
The term COMPUTER associated to every device that has a
microprocessor in it.
It receives an input from the users, then it will be processed and the results
will be presented on a screen.
Types of Computers
1. Personal Computer (PC) 2. Desktop Computer
It can be changed or customized in Small version of computers. Same
settings. You can store or personalize with thew personal computer it is
your computer just by changing its located in a particular area whether
setting. in the corner of the house or in office
or beside some furniture
3. Laptops 4. Personal Digital Assistants. (PDAs)
It is more portable than personal It is defined as full screen object and
and desktop computers. and since it touchscreen at the same time. it
is portable you can bring it may be light weight and more
anywhere you go. It is an essential portable than laptops. An example of
thing to those office people it are cellphones and tablets
especially to teachers and
accountants
Types of Computers
5. Server 6. Mainframes
These are huge computers that can fill a
it refers to a computer that usually room. It usually used by a large firm that
provide network services to the processes a million of transactions every
other computers. This type of day. It was replaced as enterprise server.
computer usually boosts with We can also define this as supercomputer
powerful processor, tons of memory which are single computers system that
and large hard drives to support the working a single system. Example of These
other computers are the computers in NASA or PAGASA
7. Wearable Computers
They involve materials that are usually
integrated into cellphones, watches and
other small objects or places that also
have a common computer application
such as databases, email, multimedia and
schedules. Examples are smartphones
and smart watches
Technological World
The ability to think and conceptually comprehend nature and the principles it follows
eventually leads to Science. Even in Ancient Times, Western thinkers harnessed the forces of
nature after understanding them better. Lost in antiquity is the first sailing vessel that
worked through the power of the wind. Similarly, it was never recorded when the early
people realized that fire has to its own power and energy. Not all early inventions are lost in
time.
Hero of Alexandria - would invent a primitive steam engine in the first century.
The power of eidos (idea), would be witnessed in the succeeding centuries of development
in the West. The ancient fascination with language gave rise to the preservation of the
words of earlier people at the same time when the West weakened itself due to internecine
warfare and conflicts. Throughout this dark period, the importance of the world - the power
to informed as a human being - led to the transmission of ideas through hand - copying.
From this manual action would arise the technology that would transform cultures - the
printing press. The development of printing press, which may be regarded as the
beginning of a true revolution, could be dated to the 15th century. Through this technology,
the ancient Greek idea that knowledge should be shared and communicated among
humans would actually be done on a scale unimagined by its thinkers. Using the printing
press, people on different sides of the world could share their thoughts and ideas with each
other, forming communities of thinkers across space and time.
Technological World
This technological invention allowed words and scientific ideas to established a view of nature
anchored in scholarly works and studies. For instance, new discoveries about the phenomenon of
electricity were eagerly absorbed by fellow scientists who then utilized the science to create other
technological product. The radio was build upon the wave nature of electricity and magnetism, and
from there, television followed.
In the age of information, the transmission of ideas has undergone changes. Meaning and depth are
no longer conveyed strictly by rhetoric but rather by its electronic replacement, the digital signal or
digit. Such a digital world is a direct offspring of the progressing world of technology built upon the
many advances in science.
THE WORLD WIDE
WEB
A more modern example of technology feeding upon itself is the 20th century tour de
force: the World Wide Web. Through the internet.
Sir Tim Berners - Lee invented it as a way of addressing data processing and
information sharing needs among scientists for the European Organization for
Nuclear Research (CERN).
CERN’s atom smasher produces a huge amount of scientific data every second. It
thus required data analyzers to work on the gathered information in coordination
with each other. While the telegraph and telephone had allowed the transmission of
information to transcend physical boundaries, processing a veritable ocean and
mountain of scientific data generated by atom smasher needed a new medium.
THE WORLD WIDE
WEB
With the ease of sharing information at present, its reliability becomes compromised.
Anyone with a connection to the other people can produce contents which are
showing half - truths or even lies, giving rise to disinformation. Social media also
encourages building a community of like - minded people.
The creation of these groups often reinforces biases and community, forgoing the
variation and clash of ideas provided in the real life.
Worse these communities can be tapped by people in power who may take
advantage of these mechanisms - controlling public opinion and harassing those
who present opposing views - for their own advantage. Meanwhile, the easy access
to personal information makes one susceptible to online predation, identity theft,
and scamming among others
THE WORLD WIDE
WEB
Claude E. Shannon
internet originated from him
American Mathematician
Father of Information Theory
worked at Bell Laboratories
@ the age of 32, he published a paper proposing that information can be
quantitatively encoded as a sequence of ones and zeros that is why computer
programming composed of ones and zeros
Rouse (2014)
internet is a worldwide system of interconnected networks networks that facilitate
data transmission among innumerable computers.
It means that internet is a system that connects everybody around the world that
helps in sharing data with the use of computers.
developed during 1970s by the department of defense for them to easily contact
their fellow military in case of attacks.
In early days, these was mostly used by scientist to connect or communicate to
other scientist.
THE WORLD WIDE WEB
The early problem encounter by the internet users was the SPEED.
Companies like Intel developed as faster microprocessor so that personal
computers would not have a problem in terms of signal.
Sergey Brin
computer scientist and internet engineer
known as the 13th richest person in the world.
President of Alphabet Incorporated which was the parent company of Google.
Being mathematician and computer science enthusiast was in their bloodline so
after he finished college, he enrolled in Stanford University to attain his master’s
degree.
he met Larry Page whom he built a web page studies and focus on the web page
that they made which id GOOGLE.
After the creation of Google, new forms of communication are introduced. The
process of sending and receiving of information became more convenient and
easy unlike before where you need to wait for a long period of time to receive a
message.
America Online and CampuServe also started to create chat rooms for an
individual who wanted to make friends online. ‘ surfing the net’ became the past
time activity of most people
THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Bill Gates
founder of Microsoft where he developed in 1975
Steve Jobs
founder of Apple where he founded it year 1984 releasing their first computer
called Apple Macintosh
Mark Zuckerberg
founder of facebook which he founded it year 2004 and until now it nis popular
because it helps a lot in terms of communicating to other people particularly
abroad or in other country
APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS
IN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH
One of the best application of computer in science and research is in the field of
bioinformatics
Bioinformatics
is the application of information technology to store, organize, and analyze vast
amount of biological data which available in the form of sequences and
structures of proteins -building blocks of organisms and nucleic acids - the
information carrier
We humans cannot store so much information that includes millions of structures,
formulas, solutions and the content and context as well. Computers helps in storing
a large amount of different information , it also helps in organizing the information .
HOW TO CHECK THE
RELIABILITY OF WEB SOURCES
Internet has a vast information that we can get not all of it was credible and reliable
enough to use or get.
Lee College Library provide a list of guidelines that will help to identify a reliable
source that we can use in getting the information we needed.
HOW TO CHECK THE RELIABILITY OF WEB SOURCES
2. Who published the site?
1. Who is the author of the article/ site You will know the that a web source is
reliable by also checking the domain name of
to check the reliability of a web the website. The domain name should
source first of all you must check provide information about itself. Paying
who’s the author of it. You must attention to the suffixes on the domain
check his/her background especially name can also depicts what kind of entity
if he/she has expertise in field of hosts the website.
topic he/she had chosen Ex. .edu for educational, .com for commercial,
. mil for military, .gov for government and .
org for non - profit
3. What is the main purpose of the site? Why
did the author write it and why did the 4. Who is the intended audience? 5. What is the quality of information
Identifying the intended audience will lead us to
publisher post it? a reliable source. Is the site for general audience,
provided on the website
Determine the purpose of the author whether The website should have provide dates when
is it for professionals, is it for students, is it for a
he/she wants to persuade, to inform, to ask, to was the first published for us to identify if it is
people from a particular group? This will help
suggest or what to know his/her intention. Maybe updated. The author should also provide
the audience to understand the information
somehow other authors are just having fun in
provided and avoid being misled. his/her sources because providing sources
giving false idea just to make their selves popular ,
Ex. , the site of medicine, if the person in the field makes the site more reliable . We should also
If his/ her article is convincing and provide
of medicine, if the person will be going to read consider the link sites of the website, are they
supporting and provide supporting evidences,
text is from the field of education he/she will not reputable? and lastly is the site being cited by
then we can consider it as reliable source.
be able to understand because there are some others, it serves as an evidence that the
terms that is intended only for them information is incredible and reliable
Questions for Reflection
1. Which developments in the information age brought significant
changes in the way you live your life today?
2. How did the transmission of information evolve from the ancient
times up to the present?
3. How did the printing press change the course of history? What
ideas were spread using this invention?
4. Social media is a technology which facilitates the sharing of
information, ideas, and other content in different parts of globe. If
social media was deactivated for a month in the country, what
could possibly happen?
5. Social media also pose certain risks especially in the dissemination
of false information. As a student, how will you use social media to
ensure that you do not propagate inaccurate and unreliable
information?
Thank you