BASIC MUD LOGGING COURSE

GEOLOG INTERNATIONAL PERU BRANCH

HISTORICAL REVIEW.
International Geology is a company that has 30 years in the field of
hydrocarbons providing mudlogging service.
Geolog operates in 35 countries around the world: in Europe, the Middle East,
Asia, West Africa, North America, and South America.
In South America, Geolog has operations in: Venezuela, Bolivia, Argentina, Brazil and
Peru.
The operational base of Geolog Peru was established in December 2010.
Geolog Peru began operations in the Tumbes basin with the company BPZ.
energy, then in the Marañón basin with TALISMAN Peru and currently works in the
Mother God Basin with REPSOL Peru.
All united in a
just thought
To reduce drilling time and cost
To improve rig safety
To detect and evaluate reservoirs
2
3
Index

[Link] concepts.
2. What is mudlogging.
3. Drilling team.
[Link] Gas Team.
[Link] Sensors.
6. Collection and
storage of
samples.
7. Lithological description.
8. Lag time and Lag strokes.
4
[Link] CONCEPTS.
5
ROCK CYCLE
6
CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS
IGNITE
SEDIMENTARY
METAMORPHIC
Rocks under effects
from the highs
temperatures
and/or pressures of the
deep cortex
Alteration due to effects of
climate and
Rock melting
in the hot crust
deep
erosion of the rocks
exposed
and in the upper mantle
from the surface
Recrystallization
to become
the solid state of
the new minerals
Crystallization
(Solidification of the
foundry)
Sedimentation
burial
and lithification
7
IGNEOUS ROCKS
Basalt
Gabbro
Examples
Rhyolite
Granite
8
CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Conglomerate
Breccia
Examples
Shale
Sandstone
9
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Examples
Gneiss

Mica schist
Slate
Marble
Quartzite
10
SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS
11
12
CARBONATED PLATFORM
13
SUBMARINE FANS
14
DIAGENESIS
15
GEOLOGY AND THE OIL INDUSTRY
16
2. WHAT IS
MUDLOGGING
17
MUDLOGGING
It is the geological record of the drilling
from an oil well obtaining
information provided by the mud of
drilling during a well in progress.
Los datos obtenidos son:
Cuttings (drilling cuttings)
-Gases (C1-C5, H2S, CO2)
Database (time and depth)
Además, se realiza el monitoreo de
drilling parameters (Flow,
Presión, SPM, WOH, WOB, RPM, Torque, T
Density, Volume, etc.
All this information is captured
through analog and digital sensors
located in the Rig.
18
CIRCULATION PROCESS
19
The registration, logs, and reports are obtained through
analysis and interpretation.
of cuttings (scrap) and gases. Which are obtained from the bottom and monitored
at
through the drilling fluids at the surface.
20
MUDLOGGING IN THE INDUSTRY
OIL COMPANY
y CH4 (% LEL).
Daily and final reports.
21
[Link] EQUIPMENT
22
DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS.
Knowledge of the equipment used in
drilling and its function
The operations on the drill are aimed at
mainly to achieve the
formations that contain
hydrocarbons in a way
economic, effective, and that allows for the
recovery of these on the surface
23
DRILLING RIG PERSONNEL.
[Link] MAN.
WELL-SITE
GEOLOGIST.

3. TOOL PUSHER.
[Link].
5. MUDLOGGING
PERSONALS.
24
STANDARD COMPONENTS.
POWER SYSTEM
HOISTING SYSTEM
ROTARY / DRILLING SYSTEM
CIRCULATING SYSTEM
SAFETY SYSTEM
25
POWER SYSTEM
26
POWER SYSTEM
Power systems usually a
series of large electric motors
that use diesel.
They are generators that produce
electric energy.
Electric energy is transmitted to
the drill motors and the others
service companies.
27
HOISTING SYSTEM
28
HOISTING SYSTEM
It consists of the:
DERRICK or MAST
CABLE
CROWN BLOCK
TRAVELLING BLOCK
HOOK
DRAWWORKS
29
DERRICK OR MAST
Derrick or Mast, is a structure
metallic usually pyramidal
it must also have enough
strength to endure the crown
block and travelling block.
It must have sufficient height
to allow the assembly of the BHA, the
Drill pipe and store them.
30
DRILLING LINE OR CABLE
Metal cable, it is used for
support all the drilling
that has to be managed
inside the hollow.
The cable is rolled up on the
drum of the draw-work.
Cable must support the
weight of the hook, travelling block and
drilling string.
31
CROWN BLOCK
Crown Blocks a set
of pulleys located at the
altitude of the mast.
The cable passes several times
(8, 10 or 12) among the crown
block and block travelling
depending on the weight that
will endure.
32
TRAVELLING BLOCK
Travelling block is a set of
pulleys that move from above
downward and vice versa in the
mast. The twisted metal cable
through them he gives the
mobility.
Travelling Block is attached to
hook.
33
HOOK
Hook is the tool that supports the
drilling team.
34
DRAWWORKS.
Drawworks (known as winch)
it is on the rig floor,
consisting of a steel reel, a
power source, brakes and devices.
35
ROTATING AND
DRILLING SYSTEM
36
ROTATING AND DRILLING SYSTEM.
It consists of the:
Rotary table.
Top Drive.
Drill String.
Down hole motors.
Drill Bits.
37
ROTARY TABLE
Rotary Table, it is a
rotation component that
allows to rotate the drill
string(optional) and support the
drilling string; consists of
of rotating elements that
allow the use of speeds
variables and at the same time support the
weight of the string inside the
well.
It is the area that provides support
to the wedges to carry out the
pipe connections.
38
TOP DRIVE
In modern wells, it has already been discontinued.
the kelly, they use Top Drive.
The Top Drive is a device that consists of
in one or more engines (electric or
hydraulic) that rotates a Drive
shaft (rotative system)
The TOPDRIVE is suspended in the
Hook, so that the mechanism of
rotation is free to travel up and
under the drilling tower. It
allows drilling with three tubes in
place to use a single length of
the pipe.
39
40
DRILL STRING
It is defined as a column
of drilling pipe
that transmits fluid of
drilling to the bit.
Understand the BHA and the Drill
Pipe.
41
BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY
(BHA)
42
BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY
It is the bottom part of the drill string, which consists of
in general terms of a drill,
stabilizers, drill collars, jar and heavy weight.
Often the BHA includes a background engine.
(when the well is directed), tools
directional (MWD) and logging (LWD).
The BHA must provide sufficient strength for
let the drill crush the rock, survive in a
hostile environment and provide the driller with the
well direction control.
43
DRILL COLLARS
They are thick-walled pipes and
very heavy.
The main function is to give weight in
the drill so that you can
to pierce.
Características :
Diameter range: 3-12 in.
•Rango de peso : 650‐11000 lbs.
Length range: 30-31 feet.
The amount of drill collars that is going out
use depends on the type of
deposit, the size of the drill and
the type of formation to drill.
44
HEAVY WEIGHT DRILL PIPE
It is a type of pipe that, unlike
the drill pipe has thicker walls
thick and joints (tool-joints) more
long. They are placed on top
from BHA.
It has an average length of 30-31
feet.
Functions:
Allow the transition between DCs and
DP’s.
Reduce fatigue from weight of the
DC's.
45
46
DRILL PIPE
It is the conventional drilling pipe
used to rotate the drill from the
surface by means of the Top drive and
circular the mud.
They are generally 30-31 feet joints.
Every 3 joints of drill pipe receives the
stand name.
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
CROSS OVER (XO)
Short pieces of tubes
screws used for
connect a type of
pipe with another of
different type of design
of coupling (diameter,
ring, etc).
54
STABILIZERS
Stabilizers, are short sections of pipe
(1-1.5 m) with spiral steel leaves of the
same diameter as the drill.
Its function is to support the BHA against
the walls of the hollow. Giving
stability to drilling.
The stabilizers are installed between
the DC's.
55
56
DRILLING JAR
The Jar is a mechanical device or
hydraulic used at the bottom
from the well to deliver a load
of impact to another component of
down, when the string of
drilling has been left
stuck.
57
DOWN HOLE MOTORS
The background engine is a tool
that is used in directional wells.
The background engine contains a
special device that takes advantage of the
hydraulic power by mud impact
to rotate the axis by giving rotation.
In this way, it is possible to drill,
turning only the bit, without turning the string of
complete drilling and thus construct the
desired angle.
58
MEASUREMENT WHILE DRILLING (MWD)
MWD is a special tool
that allows measuring survey (angle of
inclination and azimuth.
Those measures are taken at the bottom,
stored
in
memories
semiconductors during some
time and later transmitted to the
surface.
59
DRILLING BIT
The drill is a tool used
to crush or cut the rock.
The energy needed to do it is
given by the rotation and by the weight
applied to the drill through the string
of drilling.
60
TRICONES BIT
The tricone bits have three cones.
mobile devices that rotate on their axis to crush
the rock has teeth or strawberries.
The titanic drills due to the material
they can be:
Steel teeth: that are used for
formations from soft to hard but
has a short lifespan.
Tungsten carbide insert
tungsten carbide buttons are
insert in the teeth of the drill
high pressures and temperature. It
they use for deposits of
medium formations to hard ones are a lot
more resistant than those of tooth
steel and faces.
61
DIAMOND BITS
PDC BIT is a drill that has tungsten carbide inserts with
synthetic diamonds
They are used to drill light to hard formations without failure, they are
faces but they have a long lifespan
CORE BIT AND BARREL are used to obtain a core of the formation
Interest (reservoir rock) comes to make a PDC but has a hole in the middle.
where the sample is deposited.
62
63
64
CIRCULATING SYSTEM
65
CIRCULATING SYSTEM
It consists of the:
DRILLING FLUID
MUD PITS
MUD PUMPS
FLOW LINE (MUD RETURN LINE)
SHALE SHAKERS
66
DRILLING FLUID
The term Drilling mud refers to water, gas,
air and mud.
Mud is a mixture of clay, it is usually
bentonite
The mud can be based on: water based mud, oil
mud, polymer mud, synthetic mud.
The functions of drilling mud:
The lubrication and cooling of the drill and the
drill string
Remove the annular drilling cuttings.
Cleaning of the bottom of the hole.
Hydraulic transmission (Hp) to the drill.
Helps support the weight of the drill string.
Helps stabilize the formation.
Help in the evaluation of the training.
Protect the productivity of training
67
In the case of oil mud, it should be controlled
emulsion stability so that the
mud does not lose its properties.
68
Dry air or natural gas
69
70
MUD PIT
The large rectangular tanks that contain drilling fluid (mud) in the
platform. They are connected to each other.
Depending on its main purpose, it can be called:
SANDTRAP: it is the tank that is located beneath the shakers.
DESANDER: it has a system through which sand is filtered.
DESILTER: it filters the silt.
•CENTRIFUGE: it has a system where the finest particles, finer than the silts, are filtered.
SUCTION TANK: it is the tank where the sludge is extracted to be pumped.
RESERVE TANK: they are used to conserve excess sludge.
PILL TANK/SLUG TANK: it is the tank where mixtures are made.
TRIP TANK: it is the travel tank that is used solely to carry the controls of
trip
71
72
73
DESANDER
DESILTER
74
75
76
MUD PUMP
Mud pumps are used to circulate the mud in a
drilling platform.
It sucks the sludge from the suction tank and pumps it to the string of
drilling and the bit. In the bit, the mud jets outward through the
jet.
77
78
FLOW LINE
Es un conducto por donde retorna el lodo de
drilling towards the shakers from space
cancel
It carries the drilling cuttings with it.
and the gases contained in the drilled rock.
79
SHALE SHAKERS
During the drilling, it is
indispensable to eliminate the debris
from the mud. For this purpose, the
mud that comes out of the flow line falls into
the sieves that act as
vibrating screens.
The liquid phase of the sludge and the solids
minors crossing the mesh are
caught in the sand trap, while
that the largest solids are
held in the mesh, fall outside of
she was making a containment tank.
80
SAFETY SYSTEM
81
SAFETY SYSTEM
It consists of the:
BOP stack (Blow out preventers)
Choke manifold
82
BLOW OUT PREVENTERS (BOP)
Blowout preventers or BOPs,
it is a device connected to the
wellhead that in collaboration
con otros equipos y técnicas, se
they are used to close the well and allow
that the crew can control a
kick before it's a blast.
ANNULAR PREVENTER
PIPE RAM
RAM
PREVENTERS
There are three basic types of preventers
of bursts
BLIND RAM/
SHEAR RAM
•Annular preventer (The preventers
anulars).
Ram preventers.
Rotating head
head).
.
83
ROTATING BLOW OUT PREVENTER
ROTATING HEAD
STRIPPER HEAD
84
HCR
KILL LINE
DRILLING
SPOOL
85
ACCUMULATOR /KOOMY
86
CHOKE MANIFOLD
The choke manifold is a series of
valves, coils, indicators that
they are connected, they control the
flow rate of the well when
the blowout preventers
they are closed. When the well
it is closed, the kick is distributed
through the choke line and the
manifold.
87
Manifold control
automatic (quantity of
gas
Control manual
of Manifold
HCR
88
MUD-GAS SEPARATOR
89
QUESTIONS?
90
4. GEOLOG GAS EQUIPMENT
91
GAS EQUIPMENT
BOP
SHAKER
GAS DISTRIBUTION PANEL
GAS TRAP QGM (Quantity Gas Measurement)
GAS LINE
92
TOTAL GAS AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC GAS
For the detection of HC gases, the FID (Flame Ionization Detector) is used, that is,
the team reads the ions produced by burning hydrocarbon gases, within the column.
This process is known as pyrolysis.
93
5. SENSORS IN GEOLOGY
94
DIGITAL SENSORS
RPM SENSOR
It is a proximity sensor that measures the number of revolutions the rotary
table makes.
or the Top Drive.
Operating position:
Rotary table.
Top drive shaft.
A proximity switch is activated with each revolution.
The impulses are processed by the system and are given in revolutions per
minute.
(rpm).
Location of the sensor
RPM in the top drive
PUMP STROKES SENSOR
It is a proximity sensor that measures the strokes (swings) made by
the
pistons of a mud pump.
Operating principle: When a metal object passes in front of the
sensor the sensor receives pulses, giving a count of these in one minute (SPM).
By knowing the diameter of the piston and the length of the stroke, it is
possible to
obtain the flow rate.
Strokes
sensor
DRAWWORK
It is a proximity sensor that measures the position of the traveling block.
Regarding the rotary table. That distance is called hook position.
It is located on the drum axis of the winch.
When the drum spins, the pulses are captured by the sensor, and then
this rotational movement is converted to a vertical movement.
ANALOGICAL SENSORS
ROTARY TORQUE
Measure the resistance to the rotation of the string by the formation.
It is installed on the power cable of the Top drive or Rotary table.
WEIGHT ON HOOK (WHO)
Depth
(ft)
100
200
300
400
500
It is installed on the dead line.
The sensor is made of a circuit
deformation meter that the
interprets as changes in weight
from the hook.
Monitoring of the WOH
101
STAND PIPE PRESSURE
Measurement of pressure in the Stand pipe.
Measuring range: 0-400 bar / 0-5800 psi.
Resolution
1 bar.
102
WHAT PRESSURES DOES THE SENSOR DETECT
PRESSURE IN THE STANDPIPE?
Example:
Surface equipment = 50 psi
Drill pipe
•BHA
Jet of the drill
Annular Space
Sensor value
= 800 psi
= 150 psi
= 100 psi
200 psi
=
1300psi
103
CASING PRESSURE
Measure the pressure that the casing withstands.
It is located in the Choke manifold.
Measurement range: 0-1000 bar / 0-15000 psi
Resolution
1 bar.
104
MUD FLOW PADDLE
It is a steel palette that is mounted.
about the flowline.
Measure the % flow of return sludge
what happens through the flowline.
The increase in slurry flow will move the
arm exerting a resistance over
a potentiometer, which leads to a
change in the output current.
Provides instant information
about abnormal return rates.
105
MUD WEIGHT IN/OUT
Measure the density of the incoming and outgoing sludge.
To measure the density, a 5 kg plumb bob is used.
Any variation in the density of the mud is an equivalent change in the weight of the
plumb bob by buoyancy effect.
106
MUD PIT LEVEL
This sensor emits pulses of
ultrasounds in the direction of the level of
the surface of mud, and then the pulse is
reflects back and is received by the
sensor.
Measure the time between the emission of the
pulse and reception (c: speed of
sound).
D=c∙t/2
Knowing the dimensions of
mud tank can be calculated
its volume and therefore being
constantly monitored.
107
MUD RESISTIVITY IN/OUT
Measure the magnitude of the current
induced, which is proportional to the
electrical conductivity of the sludge, which
is directly related to the
salinity of the water content.
Mud resistivity outlets installed in the
possum belly.
Mud resistivity lines installed in the
suction tank..
108
MUD TEMPERATURE IN/OUT
The temperature sensor
Geolog (Pt100) has a
resistance value of 100
Ohms at 0 ° C, which is
raise to 175.84 ohms to
200 ° C.
Measure the temperature of the mud
entry or exit of the well.
-Mud temperature outlets installed in
the possum belly.
Mud temperature lines installed in
the suction tank.
•Physical principle: variation of the
resistance of a pure metal (Cu, Ni, ...
caused by a variation in the
temperature.
109
H2S SENSOR
H2S sensor detects H2S concentrations in the environment.
It can be installed anywhere in the most vulnerable areas:
Rig floor, BOP, shakers, mud pits.
Measurement range: 0 - 50 ppm
It has a visual and auditory alarm system in case of detection.
First level of alarm:
Standard of 10 ppm of tone and continuous yellow light color.
Second level of alert:
•Standard of 20 ppm of tone and intermittent red light.
CO2 SENSOR
CO2 sensor detects the concentrations of CO2 in the environment.
It can be installed anywhere in the most vulnerable areas:
Rig floor, BOP, shakers, mud pits.
Measurement range: 0 – 30% vol.
It has a visual and audible alarm system in case of detection.
112
EXPLOSIVITY SENSOR
It is the one that detects the %LEL
Lower Explosivity Limit.
113
PARAMETER CONTROL
114
5. COLLECTION AND STORAGE
OF SAMPLES.
115
SAMPLE COLLECTION
Sample collection
in the shaker
Washing and sieving
Sample
taken to the
cabin of
Mudlogging
Show list ready to be
analyzed
116
SAMPLE STORAGE
WET SAMPLES
DRY SAMPLES
117
6. LITHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION
118
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
LITHOLOGICAL
It is one of the most important tasks of the Mudlogger, with which we
develop the
lithological log (Masterlog).
LITHOLOGICAL
It is the percentage of each
lithology in a
certain sample. The
total must always be
sum 100%.
Examples:
traces
121
60%
40%
90%
10%
Coarse siliciclastic rocks
1. Rock Type (sandstone, conglomerate).
2. Color (use Rock Color Chart).
122
Grain Size
Granule

Udden – Wentworth scale and

phi scale for sizes of
grain of rocks and sediments
classics.
123
4. Mineral Composition (quartz, lithic, feldspathic, ...).
5. Roundness and Sphericity.
124
6. Sorting (poorly sorted, moderately sorted, well sorted, ...).
125
7. Matrix and Cement Composition (argillaceous matrix, Kaolinitic matrix)
calcareous cement, siliceous cement, ...)
Kaolinitic matrix
argillaceous matrix
127
8. Accessory Minerals.
pyrite
calcite
glauconite
gypsum
128
9. Induration: hardening of sediments through cementation or compaction.
can be: loose, friable, slightly consolidated, consolidated.
loose
consolidated
129
10. Visual Porosity (poor, fair, well ...)
11. Qualitative Permeability(tight, slightly permeable, permeable, ...).
well visual porosity
and permeable
poor visual porosity
and tight
130
12. Hydrocarbon Show.
Sandstone with oil stains
131
FLUORESCENCE

It is the property of HCs to fluoresce under

the action of UV rays.
CUT AND RESIDUAL RING TEST
The Cut is a test
chemistry that allows us
to know how easily you
release the Hc from the sample.
For this purpose, it is done to him.
react with acetone.
The residual ring
aura left by the cut if
this is considerable.
CONDENSATE
QUALITY HYDROCARBONS
134
How is fluorescence described?
FINE SILICICLASTIC ROCKS
1. Rock Type(shale, claystone, siltstone)
2. Color (use Rock Color Chart)
136
3. Texture and luster
Smooth.
Earthy
-waxy (ceroso).
greasy
Velvety
resinous
soapy
silky
Earthy surface
sooty
Smooth surface
137
EXAMPLES IN MINERALS
Malachite
Jade
Gypsum
Waxy
Velvety
amber
Silky
opal
Greasy
Resinous
138
4. Main Features:
calcareous
micaceous
carbonaceous
Pyritic
Glauconitic
Ferruginous
-silty
Piritous coal
Glauconitic
claystone
-sandy
Ferruginous
siltstone
139
5. Inclusions:
calcite
-mica
coal
pyrite
glauconite
silt
gypsum
sand
140
6. Induration‐Hardness:
soft
plastic
firm
brittle
hard
141
7. Fracture-Fissility
irregular
blocky
-subblocky
splintery
-flat
non-fissile
-sub-fissile
-fissile
irregular
subblocky
-flaky (scaly)
conchoidal
splintery and fissile
142
8. Fossils
Charophytes
Yahuarango Fm
Valve liner
band
(Clavel Fm)
143
CARBONATE ROCKS
1. Rock Type:
Dolomite
Limestone
144
2. Dunham Classification Type.
3. Color (use Rock Color Chart).
145
4. Particle Type:
-Skeletal (fossils, bioclasts, foraminifera, ...)
-Non-Skeletal (lithoclasts, intraclasts, pelloids, ...)
‐ Coated particles (ooid, pisoid, ...)
5. Clastic Components (argillaceous, silty, sandy).
6. Accessory Minerals (mica, pyrite, ...).
oolites & skeletal fragment
146
7. Lime Mud Type (micritic (microxln calcite), carbonate mud)
8. Cement Composition(if porous) (sparry calcite, dolomitic,..)
Induration (firm, hard, ...).
10. Visual Porosity(poor, fair, ...)
11. Qualitative Permeability (tight, slightly permeable, permeable, ...).
12. Hydrocarbon Show (see Hydrocarbon Shows Description)
Guide.
Dolomite with
chert inclusions
Limestone with
chert inclusions
Dolomite
effervescence
147
OTHER FEATURES
flint
flint
marl with veins
of calcite
%CaCO3
0 – 10
Classification
claystone
10 – 35
35 - 65
65 - 90
90‐100
calcareous claystone
marl
argillaceous limestone or argillaceous dolomite
Limestone or dolomite
148
AUTOCALCIMETER
149
Preparation

of acid
hydrochloric
150
Weight and ground
of sample
151
Limestone
Calcareous claystone
152
Dolomite
Dolomitic claystone
153
Marl
154
LITHOLOGICAL RECORD
Geologist prepares the record
lithological through a
software called LOGVIEWER.
ELEMENTS THAT INTERVENE IN THE
DETERMINATION OF FORMATIONAL LIMITS
CONTENT
OF GASES
LITHOLOGY
GAMMA RAY
Tops
FORMATIONAL
D-EXPONENT
ROP
PROGNOSIS
Example 1:
DAILY REPORTS
Provides us with information about the
summary of the operations carried out,
the current operation, the description
lithological, the surveys, the tops
formation, properties of the mud of
drilling, as well as daily expenses
and accumulated.
WELL DIRECTIONALITY
It allows us to determine the spatial location of the well and
reach the
objective. It also helps us avoid collisions with wells
close.
Collision tests:
Increase in torque.
Decrease of ROP.
Arrival of old cement.
ANNULAR VOLUME
. . . .
1029.4

Where:
I.D. = inside diameter of casing or bit diameter (inches)
O.D. = outside diameter of drill pipe or drill collars (in.)
L = annular section length (feet)
161
 BHA#1DIRECTIONALPHASEOF17"(621ft-2000f)t
8
7
2 xDC 73/4''
UBHO8
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Example:
Calculate the volume
BHA ring with
17" drill.
6
NMDC8
12 3 xDC 6 1/2"
11XOVER
5
PP-MWD8
10 1 xDC 73/4''
4
3
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XOVER
9
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PDM HyperLine 250 9 5/8" QLE6750
BH=1.5°
SleeveStab 16 3/4''
17"Bit. Tric. Smith
1
PUMP PERFORMANCE:
TRIPLEX:

0.000243

Where:
Dl linerdiameter (inches)
Ve = volumetric efficiency (decimal fraction)
Slstroke length (inches)
Example:
Calculate the efficiency of a pump in which the
the diameter of the piston is 6", the length of the stroke is
12" and the volumetric efficiency is 95%.

6 12 0.95 0.000243
0.0997
FUND ON TOP
(LAG TIME AND LAG STROKES)
It is the amount of time or strokes that the fluid takes.
drilling to reach from the bottom of the well to
surface.

Since we already have both the annular volume and the

pump performance, we replace:
.
Lag strokes=
2218.85
. /
• Now let's calculate the Lag Time:
For this, let's first calculate the flow rate.
from the pump in bbl/min, For that there are
what to multiply the yield in bbl/stk
for the number of stk/min.
0.0997 and 141

14.05

Now let's substitute in the Lag Time equation.

221.22

14.74
14.05 /
CALCULATION OF ANNULAR VOLUME
. . . .

1029.4
Open hole-DC's
Open hole-DP's
12.25 8
12.25 5
300 25.08
300 36.48
1029.4
1029.4
Open hole‐HWDP’s
Casing-DP's
12.25 5.5
12.615 8
1029.4
400 46.56
2000 260. 61 AAAB
1029.4
Annular volume 368.73
168
CALCULATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE TRIPLEX PUMP
0.000243

6.5 12 0.96 0.000243

Render. bomb 0.11827 aa/a/fg

CALCULATION OF LAG STROKES:

368.73
3118
0.11827 AAAB/LMN
169
FLOW RATE CALCULATION (bbl/min)

0.11827 140

16.56

CALCULATION OF LAG TIME

.
. / 22.26 min = 22 min 15.6 sec
170
THANK YOU
171