Problem and Objective Tree Analysis
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsProblem and Objective Tree Analysis
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsUniversity of San Carlos of Guatemala
Faculty of Engineering
School of Civil Engineering
Thesis Research Seminar
Problem Tree and Objective Tree
Joshua Roberto Matus Colocho
Meat: 201020429
Fecha: 26 de agosto del 2014
Problem Tree
The problem tree is an important tool for understanding the
problem to be solved. It is expressed in a chaining type
cause/effect, the negative conditions perceived by those involved in
relationship with the problem in question.
The mentioned cause/effect chain having been confirmed, they are ordered
the main problems allowing the formulator or team to identify the
set of problems on which the objectives of will focus
project. This clarification of the chain of problems allows for improvement of the
design, carry out a monitoring of the project's 'assumptions' during its
execution and, once the project is completed, makes the evaluator's task easier,
who should determine if the problems have been resolved (or not) as
resultado del proyecto.
The table presents a simplified example of a problem tree,
where the situation of an urban bus service is shown and
they identify the cause/effect relationships between the main problems.
How is it done?
One can start with the identification of the most important problem and
of its causes and consequences, the achieved result is expressed
through the drawing or sketch of the problem tree. It must arrive at a
consensus on the central problem that will form the basis of the trunk.
Then the group determines the main effects and consequences of this.
problem that they enroll in the main branches of the tree, reserving
the ramifications for the side effects (consequences of the
(consequences). The causes and origins of the
central problem, also organized into main causes and
secondary. The result is to establish a hierarchy of the causes and
consequences of the inequality situation presented.
It is important to remember that the components of the Problem Tree
they must be presented in the following way:
Only one problem per block
Existing (real) problems
As a negative situation
They must be clear and understandable.
TheTreeofObjectives
The objectives tree is the positive version of the problems tree. It allows
determine the areas of intervention proposed by the project. For
Elaborating it is part of the problem tree and the diagnosis. It is necessary.
review each problem (negative) and turn it into a goal (positive)
realistic and desirable. Thus, causes become means and effects into
fines.
The development problems identified in the problem tree are
convert, as solutions, into project objectives as part of the
initial stage of designing a response.
The objectives identified as components or products of a
projects become the means to tackle the problem of
identified development and provide an instrument to determine its
impact of development.
The steps to follow are:
Translate the central problem of the problem tree into the objective
central del proyecto. (Un estado positivo al que se desea acceder).
The conversion of a problem into a goal must take into account its
Feasibility. It is presented in qualitative terms to generate a structure.
equivalent (qualitative). This does not imply disregarding that the degree of
The modification of reality is, by definition, quantitative.
2. Change all negative conditions (causes and effects) of the tree
of problems in positive states (means and ends). This activity assumes
analyze each of the blocks and ask yourself: through what means
Is it possible to achieve this goal? The answer must be the antonym of the
identified causes. The result obtained must present the same
structure that the problem tree.
Change the content of the blocks but not their quantity or shape.
that are related. If in this process doubts arise about the relationships
existing, first the problem tree must be reviewed before then
continue with the objectives.
3. Identify the parameters, which are the causes of the problem that do not
are modifiable by the project, either because they are natural conditions
(climate, intelligence quotient) or because they are outside the scope
project action (legislative power, another dependency
administrative).
These parameters are indicated in the objectives tree without modifying the text.
of problems. By locating a parameter, it is possible to derive from both
trees all their causes since even when some is modifiable, not
it will have no effect on the central problem.
4. Convert the effects of the problem tree into objectives. Just like in the
causes, for each effect only one end must be considered.
5. Examine the structure following the means-end logic and carry out the
modifications that are necessary in both trees.
In the table below, there is a tree of objectives in which
they use the problems highlighted in the problem tree example
previous
Bibliography
1. [Link]
fines#.U_ykWfl5P0I
2. [Link]
frances/materials/topic5/how_to_make_a_problem_tree_and_s
[Link]
3. [Link]
frances/materials/topic5/how_to_make_a_problem_tree_and_s
[Link]
[Link]://[Link]/cursos/sedes/manizales/4100002/lecc
ions/instruments/[Link]