Guideline for Forced Convection Problems and Heat Exchangers

1. A stainless steel ball (ρ= 8055kg/m3Cp = 480 J/kg.°C) with a diameter D = 15 cm is extracted from the
oven at a uniform temperature of 350°C. Next, the ball is subjected to air flow at a
pressure of 1 atm and at 30°C, with a speed of 6m/s. The moment arrives when the temperature
the superficial of the ball falls to 250°C. Determine the heat transfer coefficient by
average convection during this
cooling process and estimate how long the process will take.
A spherical tank with a diameter of 1.8 m and negligible thickness contains water with ice at 0°C.
Air at 25°C flows over it at a velocity of 7 m/s. Determine the heat transfer rate.
towards the tank and the rate at which the ice melts. The heat of fusion of water at 0°C is 333.7
KJ/kg.
3. A cylindrical bottle with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 30 cm contains cold water at 3°C. It is subjected to
the action of the wind, with an air temperature of 27°C. After 45 minutes of cooling
measure the temperature of the water, which is 11 °C. If you disregard the effects of radiation and the
heat transfer from the upper and lower surfaces, estimate the average wind speed.
6. Water enters (µ = 9.0 x 10^-4 kg/m.s, ρ = 1000 kg/m 3a tube with a diameter of 2 cm and a length of 3 m
whose walls are kept at 100°C. Water flows in this tube with an average fluid temperature
at 25 °C and a volumetric flow rate of 3 m3/h.
The Reynolds number for this internal flow is
a)59000b)105000 c) 178000 d) 236000e)342 000
7. Water flows in a tube with a diameter of 2 cm and a length of 3 m, whose walls are maintained at 100°C, with
an average fluid temperature of 25 °C and a volumetric flow rate of 3 m3If they are despised
entry effects and turbulent flow is assumed, the Nusselt number can be determined from
Nu = 0.023 Re0.8Pr04The heat transfer coefficient by convection in this case is
4140 W/[Link])8180 W/[Link])2870 W/m2Kd)6160 W/m2K
e) 941OW/m2. K
(For water, use k = 0.610 W/m.°C, Pr = 6.0, µ = 9.0 x 10^-4 kg/m.s, ρ = 1,000 kg/m)3)
Water enters (Cp = 4180 J/kg.K) a tube with a diameter of 4 cm, at 15°C and at a rate of 0.06 kg/s. The tube
it is subject to a uniform heat flow of 2500 W/m2about the surfaces. The length of the tube
required to heat the water to 45°C is
6 mb)12 m c) 18 md)24 me)30 m
Water enters a tube with a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 13 m, at 15 °C with a velocity of 0.3 m/s, and
It operates at 45°C. The tube is subjected to a uniform heat flow of 2000 W/m.2on its surface. The
the surface temperature of the tube at the outlet is
a)48.7°Cd)53.7°Cb)49.4°Ce)55.2°C
(For water, use k = 0.615 W/m.°C, Pr = 5.42, v = 0.801 x 10-6m2/s).
10. Water enters a tube of 5 mm in diameter and 13 m long, at 45°C with a speed of 0.3 m/s. The
the tube is kept at a constant temperature of 5°C. The temperature of the outgoing water is
a) 6.5ºC b)7.0°C c) 6ºC d) 7.5ºCe)5.5°C
Water enters a tube with a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 13 m, at 45 °C with a speed of 0.3 m/s.
The tube is maintained at a constant temperature of 5°C. The required length of the tube for it to
water exits at 25°C is
a)1.55 mb)1.72 m c) 1.90 md)2.37 me)2.96 m
(For water, use k = 0.623 W/m.°C, Pr = 4.83, v = 0.724 x 10 -5 m2/s,Cp= 4178 J/kg . °C,ρ= 994
kg/m3).
Water flows at an average temperature of 110°C and an average speed of 3.5m/s through a tube.
5 m long stainless steel (k= 14.2W/m.°C) in a boiler. The inner and outer diameters
The exterior diameter of the tube is 1.0 cm and the inner diameter is 1.4 cm, respectively. If the transfer coefficient of
heat by convection on the outer surface of the tube, where it is being carried out.
boiling, esho= 8400 W/m2.°C, determine the total heat transfer coefficient U of this
caldera, based on the inner surface area of that tube.
A long heat exchanger is used, with double tube and thin wall, with tube diameters and
of the hull of 0.0 cm and 2.5 cm, respectively, to condense refrigerant 134a using water at
20°C. The coolant flows through the tube, with a convective heat transfer coefficient of
h¡ = 5000 W/m2.°C. Water flows through the helmet at a rate of 0.3 kg/s. Determine the coefficient of
total heat transfer of this exchanger. Answer: 2020 W/m2.°C
15. Repeat problem (42) assuming that a ...
2 mm thick limestone layer (k = 1.3 W/m.°C).
Water flows at an average temperature of 180°F with an average speed of 4 ft/s through a pipe.
with a thin wall and 4 in in diameter. The water is cooled by air flowing perpendicular to the
pipe with a velocity of 12 ft/s and an average temperature of 80°F. Determine the coefficient
of total heat transfer.
17. A double tube parallel flow heat exchanger is used to heat cold water from the
key with hot water. The hot water (Cp = 4.25 kJ/kg.°C) enters the pipe at 85°C, at a rate of 1.4 kg/s,
It comes out at 50°C. The heat exchanger is not well insulated and it is estimated that 3% of the heat is lost.
released by the hot fluid. If the overall heat transfer coefficient and the surface area of the
exchanger 1150 W/m2°C and 4 m2, respectively, determine the transfer ratio of
heat towards the cold water and the logarithmic mean temperature difference for this exchanger.
18. A hydrocarbon flow (Cp = 2.2 kJ/kg.K) is cooled at a rate of 720 kg/h, from 150°C to
40°C, when passing through the inner tube of a double-tube counterflow heat exchanger. Water enters
(Cp= 4.18kJ/kg.K) at the heat exchanger at 10°C, at a rate of 540 kg/h. The outer diameter of the tube
The interior is 2.5 cm and its length is 6.0 m. Calculate the total heat transfer coefficient.
19. The water vapor from a generating plant will be condensed in a condenser at a temperature
of 50°C(λv(=2383 kJ/kg) with cooling water (cp= 4180 J/kg.°C) from a nearby lake, which
enters the condenser tubes at 18°C and exits at 27°C. The surface area of the tubes is 42 m²2y
the total heat transfer coefficient is 2400W/m2.°C. Determine the necessary mass flow.
of cooling water and the reason for the condensation of vapor in the condenser.
Respuestas:73.1 kg/s, l.15 kg/s
20. Water will be heated (Cp = 4180 J/kg.°C) in a double tube heat exchanger with parallel flow.
from 25 °C to 60 °C, at a rate of 0.2 kg/s. The heating will be done using water
geothermal (Cp = 4310 J/kg.°C) available at 140°C with a mass flow rate of 0.3 kg/s. The tube
the interior is thin-walled and has a diameter of 0.8 cm. If the heat transfer coefficient
the total of the exchanger is 550W/m2°C, determine the length of the required heat exchanger for
achieve the desired heating.
21. Ethylene glycol (Cp = 2560 J/kg.°C) will be cooled from 80°C to 40°C, flowing at a rate of 3.5
kg/s, in a counterflow double-tube heat exchanger, using water (Cp = 4180
J/kg.°C) that enters at 20°C and exits at 55°C. The total heat transfer coefficient, based on the
the internal surface area of the tube is 250 W/m2°C. Determine a) the rate of heat transfer,
b) the mass flow rate of the water and b) the heat transfer surface area on the inner side of the tube.
22. Water (Cp= 4180 J/kg.°C) enters at 17 °C and at a rate of 3 kg/s into a tube heat exchanger.
double and against the flow that has a tube with an internal diameter of 2.5 cm. This water is heated by
water vapor medium in condensation at 120°C (λv= 2203 kJ/kg) in the shell. If the coefficient of
The total heat transfer of the exchanger is 1500 W/m2.°C, determine the length of the tube
required to heat the water up to 80°C.
A double tube, thin-walled, counterflow heat exchanger will be used for cooling.
oil (Cp=2200 J/kg.°C), from 150°C to 40°C, flowing at a rate of 2 kg/s, through water (Cp=
4180 J/kg.°C) that enters at 22°C at a rate of 1.5 kg/s. The diameter of the tube is 2.5 cm and its length is
of 6 m. Determine the total heat transfer coefficient of this exchanger.
24. In a textile plant, the wastewater from dyeing (Cp = 4295 J/kg.°C) at 75°C will be used.
to preheat fresh water (Cp= 4180 J/kg.°C) to 15°C, with the same mass flow rate, in a
double tube counterflow heat exchanger. The heat transfer surface area of the
the exchanger is 1.65 m2and the total heat transfer coefficient is 625 W/m2.°C. If the
The reason for the heat transfer in the exchanger is 35 kW, determine the outlet temperature.
and the mass flow rate of each fluid stream.
A counterflow heat exchanger is used to cool oil (Cp = 2.20 kJ/kg .°C), from
110°C to 85°C, at a rate of 0.75 kg/s, through cold water (Cp = 4.18 kJ/kg.°C) that enters the
heat exchanger at 20°C, at a rate of 0.6 kg/s. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is 800
W/m2.°C, the heat transfer area in the heat exchanger is
a) 0.745 m20.790 m2c) 0.760 m2d) 0.805 m2
Water is heated from 77ºF to 183ºF in a steel pipe (Ka = 23.45 Btu/[Link].ºF) with
internal diameter 0.2 feet, external diameter 0.212 feet and 18 feet in length. The temperature of the
The internal surface is constant and its value is 190ºF. Determine:
a) How many pounds of water per hour can be heated in this pipe.
b) The temperature of the outer wall of the pipe
c) The overall heat transfer coefficient.
The physical properties of water vary with temperature as shown in the attached table:

T(ºF) 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

Cp(Btu/lb.°F) 0.999 0.999 1 1 1.001 1.002 1.004 1.005
K(Btu/[Link].ºF) 0.375 0.378 0.381 0.384 0.386 0.388 0.390 0.391
μ(lb/[Link]) 1.230 1.129 1.040 0.963 0.894 0.834 0.781 0.733
Consider a one-dimensional system, steady state and no external convection.

27. Engine oil for use in modern vehicles is heated from 175°F to 225°F.
in a steel pipe (Ka = 23.45 Btu/[Link].°F) with an inner diameter of 0.04 feet, outer diameter of 0.05
feet and 14 feet in length. The temperature of the inner surface is constant and its value is 350ºF.
Determine:

a) How many pounds per hour of motor oil can be heated in this pipe.
b) The internal heat transfer coefficient
c) The number of Reynod’s
d) The amount of heat that is transferred
e) The temperature of the outer surface of the pipe
f) The overall heat transfer coefficient.

Physical properties of motor oil: K = 0.082 Btu/[Link].°F, Cp= 0.48Btu/lbm.ºF and the viscosity varies
with the temperature according to:
µ(cp) 6 3.3 1.37

T(ºF) 150 250 350

Consider a one-dimensional system, steady state, laminar regime, and no convection.

external.