Syntactic Functions and Examples
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ScribdTranslationsSyntactic Functions and Examples
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ScribdTranslationsSYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS
FUNCTION AND EXAMPLES DEFINITION SYNTAGMS HOW TO RECOGNIZE IT
SUBJECT: Part of the sentence that performs the action - Noun Phrase It is the SN that imposes the agreement in
That fish was difficult. indicated by the verb. In the sentences - Exceptionally, S. Prepositional with number and person to the verb. Change from
I love my gang of friends. passive, it is the part of the sentence that you stay between (only with emphatic value). number or person to the SN that we created
When will Juan come? receive. it may be S and observe if the verb changes
with him.
PREDICATE: It is the part of the sentence that predicates something -SV: it can be a nominal predicate (PN)
Tellamaré. of the subject. (The entire sentence except if the verb is to be, to be, or to seem more like once we have recognized the subject, the
That athlete is amazing. subject, that is, the NV and all its attributes; or a verbal predicate (PV) if the predicate will be the rest of the sentence
All the friends will go to the cinema. supplements). NV is a verb different from the ones mentioned.
PREDICATE COMPLEMENTS
FUNCTION AND EXAMPLES DEFINITION OF PHRASES
HOW TO RECOGNIZE IT
DIRECT OBJECT: -SN. Replace by it, the, the, the (depending)
My brother has received a telegram. Concrete or complete the meaning of the -S. Prep. cona (referring to people or the gender and number of the phrase).
I called my lawyer. transitive verbs. Only appears in the PV and personified objects. If we change the sentence to passive, the direct object
receives the action of the verb directly.
The injured person was urgently transferred. Unstressed personal pronouns: me, you, himself, will become a passive subject.
us, you, it, them, her, them. Its incorrect use causes structures
agrammatical: laísmos and loísmos.
INDIRECT OBJECT: Replace with 'le' or 'les' (depending on the...
We ask for water for the children. It can appear in the PN and in the PV.-S. Prep. with for. number of the phrase - these pronouns are
I have bought a light for the bicycle. It indirectly receives the action of the verb, -Atonic personal pronouns: me, you, se, used for both masculine and feminine-.
I'll tell you tomorrow. the damage or the benefit. us, you, him/her, them. Its incorrect use causes structures
Agrammaticals: leísmos.
CIRCUMSTANTIAL COMPLEMENT: It refers to the circumstances in which Asking in each case the verb: where,
They are not coming today. that the action of the verb develops. when. How, how much, with what, with
I'll see you at home. There are different types: of place, time, -S. Prepositional. who, why, for what.
I will cook with the hat on. manner, quantity, instrument, material, -S. Adverbial. It is not an indispensable complement for
["company","purpose","cause","statement"] understand the meaning of the sentence and
negation and doubt. it can be easily removed.
ATTRIBUTE: -SN.
This animal is excessively skinny. In the PN, it indicates a quality or state of the -S. Prepositional. Replace by it.
Juan is your best friend. subject. -S. Adverbial.
That boy is from Colombia. -S. Adjectival.
COMPL. OF VERBAL REGIME: Complete the meaning of some Normally, accompanies a verbs
I can't stop thinking about the problem. verbs, always carrying a preposition intransitive or pronominal (although
He dares with any equation. required by these. Some of these verbs -S. Prepositional. it can also appear in sentences with
He turned water into wine. ["to talk about","to be ashamed of","to trust"] The verb requires the preposition.
in, convert to... We can ask the verb: preposition
+ what/who + NV?
PREDICATIVE COMPLEMENT:
You always come dirty to work. In PV sentences, indicate a quality or -S. Adjectival. Check the agreement in gender and
I work as a lawyer in that office. state of the Subject (C. Pred. Subjective) o-S. N. number with the subject or direct object to which it relates
Your grandmother was very angry. from the CD (C. Pred. Objective). -Prepositional. refer
They have appointed him director.
AGENT COMPLEMENT:
We were surprised by an avalanche. In passive sentences, complement-S. Prep. conpor. If we change the sentence to active, the
The winners were received by the that indicates who or what performs the action - S. Prep. conde. (less common). the complement agent will become the subject.
public. of the verb.
His fame is known to everyone.
EXTRA-SENTENTIAL COMPLEMENTS
FUNCTION AND EXAMPLES DEFINITION PHRASES HOW TO RECOGNIZE IT
VOCATIVE: It is neither part of the subject nor of the
Maria, come quickly. Extralinguistic element that serves to -SN. predicate.
Get out of there, idiot. to capture the listener's attention. -S. Adjectival. Separated by a comma.