Chemistry Reactions and Stoichiometry Exercises
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ScribdTranslationsChemistry Reactions and Stoichiometry Exercises
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ScribdTranslationsCHEMISTRY Tema 2. Reacciones Químicas.
Estequiometria
Exercises
1.-Classify each of the following processes as combination reactions, double, or
simple displacement, decomposition or combustion:
a) P4(s) + 6Br2(l) 4PBr3(l)
b) MgSO4(ac) + BaCl2(ac) BaSO4(s) + MgCl2(ac)
c) C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)
2Cu(NO3)2(s) 2CuO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
e) Fe(s) + CdSO4(ac) Iron(II) sulfate4(ac) + Cd(s)
Sol: a) Combinación; b) Doble desplazamiento; c) Combustión d) Descomposición e)
Displacement
2.-Cuando se mezcla una disolución de nitrato de plomo (II) con otra de cloruro de litio, se forma
un sólido blanco que es cloruro de plomo (II) y queda en disolución nitrato de litio. Escribe la
chemical equation of the indicated process.
Solution: Pb(NO3+2LiCl..........PbCl2+ 2 LiNO3
3.-a) How many moles of aluminum oxide will be formed when 1 mole of aluminum reacts with
excess iron(II) oxide?
b) How many moles of iron (II) oxide have reacted to produce the amount of oxide
aluminum calculated in a)?
c) Calculate the mass of Al required to produce 5.59 g of Fe using the previous reaction.
assuming that FeO is in excess
d) What amount in grams of Al2O3Will it be formed upon reacting the amount of Al used in a)?
Sol: a) 0.5 b) 1.5 c) 1.8 d) 51 g
4.-Calcium carbide, CaC2, reacts with water to produce the flammable gas acetylene, C2H2,
calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2Calculate the amount in grams of acetylene that is formed when 80
g of CaC2reacts with 80 g of H2Oh and the amount of the excess reactant that remains without
react
32.5 g and 35 g of water unreacted
5.- When 107 g of manganese dioxide reacts with 42.5 g of aluminum, 51.8 g are formed
of metal manganese and an undetermined amount of aluminum oxide. Determine:
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Chemistry Tema 2. Reacciones Químicas. Estequiometria
Exercises
a) The theoretical yield of the reaction
b) The actual performance
c) The percentage yield of the reaction
Sol: a) 64,82 g de Mn b) 51,8 g de Mn c)79.9%
6.-If 0.80 moles of NH30.50 moles of O2they react according to the process:
NH3(g) + O2(g) N2(g) + H2O(g)
When the reaction stops:
All the oxygen has been consumed.
0.40 moles of N have been produced.2
20g of water have been produced
0.67 moles of NH have been consumed3
The yield of the reaction is 80%.
Sol: a) verdadero b) falso c) falso d) verdadero e) no se sabe
7.-To determine the silver content of a coin made from a mixture of this metal
and copper, 1.70 g of a coin is dissolved with nitric acid:
Silver (s) + Copper (s) + Nitric Acid3(ac) → AgNO3(ac) + CuNO3(s)
Next, NaCl is added to precipitate all the silver as AgCl:
Silver nitrate3(ac) + NaCl(ac) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(ac)
After drying, 1.8292 g of AgCl was obtained. What is the silver content in the coin?
Solution: 81.17%
8.-The commercial manufacturing of aspirin, C 9H8O4, it is carried out through a process
relatively simple by reacting salicylic acid, C7H6O3, with acetic anhydride, C4H6O3:
C7H6O3(ac) + C4H6O3(l) → C9H8O4(ac) + H2O(l)
What is the yield of the reaction if 1.7 kg of acetic anhydride and 0.85 kg of acid are mixed?
From salicylic acid, 0.95 kg of aspirin is obtained?
Sol: 85.6%
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CHEMISTRY Theme 2. Chemical Reactions. Stoichiometry
Exercises
9.-Nitrogen gas, although it is practically inert at room temperature, when heated
reacts with electropositive elements like lithium:
Li (s) + N2Li3N (s)
Calculate the grams of lithium nitride formed when 3.83 g of metallic lithium reacts with
8.08 g of nitrogen in a process that occurs with a yield of 93%.
Sol: 5.94g
10.-To eliminate CO 2produced by the human body during the course of travels
Space-related, this product is reacted with NaOH:
NaOH + CO2→ Na2CO3+ H2O
Calculate the minimum amount of NaOH that is necessary to transport on a spaceship.
to eliminate all the CO2produced by an astronaut during a 12-day journey, knowing that
the human body emits about 926 g of CO2per day.
Sol: 20.2 Kg
11.-When dinitrogen tetroxide (g) is subjected to high temperature, it decomposes into
nitrogen dioxide. After conducting the experiment, the following results have been obtained:
Experience 1
N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)
Initial 0.66 -
Balance 0.29 0.74
Experience 2
N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)
Initial -
[C] Balance 0.3
As you can see, in the second experiment the N detector malfunctioned.2O4, so not
could be detected. With the help of the data from the first experience, determine
final concentration of N2O4.
Solution: 0.04762 M
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CHEMISTRY Topic 2. Chemical Reactions. Stoichiometry
Exercises
12.-Hydrogen and nitrogen combine to form ammonia. The Kcof said
process is 77 M-2Calculate the Kpfor the decomposition of ammonia into nitrogen and hydrogen.
Sol: 994.11 atm4.
13.-If at 270 ºC one mole of Nitrogen is mixed with three moles of hydrogen, both compounds
they react producing 2 moles of ammonia. For this reaction to take place, it is necessary
high pressure, in this case the experiment was conducted at a pressure of 10 atmospheres. In these
0.4 moles of ammonia were obtained under conditions.
Determine:
a) The moles of each gas and the partial pressure of each gas at equilibrium.
b) Kpfor the previously indicated reaction
{"a":"0.8 moles, 2.4 moles, 0.4 moles, 2.22 atm, 6.66 atm, 1.11 atm.","b":"1.88·10"}-3ATM-2
14.-If hydrogen (g) comes into contact with iodine (g) at 450 ºC, iodide can be formed.
hydrogen. Considering that Kc = 50, determine:
a) The moles of each of the reactants and products when 2 is placed in the reaction medium 1
1 mole of hydrogen with 1 mole of iodine and 2 moles of hydrogen iodide.
b) The meaning of the reaction.
Sol.: a) 3,12 0,44 y 0,44 moles; b) En sentido directo.
15. Ammonium carbonate decomposes thermally at 500 ºC, yielding ammonia,
carbon dioxide and water (all of them in a gaseous state). Indicate Kpof the process.
Sol.: 0.96 atm4
16.-When mercury(II) oxide is heated, it decomposes reversibly into mercury(g) and
oxygen (g). This decomposition reaction can take place in a closed container, where
Initially, a vacuum has been created (that is, all the gases come from decomposition),
reaching a total pressure at equilibrium of 150 mm Hg at 400 ºC. Determine the value of Kpin
the conditions that have been indicated.
Sol.: 1,14.10-3 atm3
17.- When iron(II) sulfate is heated to 929 ºC, it decomposes to give rise to oxide.
of iron(II), sulfur dioxide, and sulfur trioxide. This reaction can take place in a
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CHEMISTRY Topic 2. Chemical Reactions. Stoichiometry
Ejercicios
closed container where a vacuum has previously been created, reaching a total pressure in the
equilibrium of 0.9 atm. Calculate:
a) The Kp under the indicated conditions.
b) The pressure that would be reached in equilibrium if the iron(II) sulfate were introduced into a
the container initially contained sulfur dioxide at a pressure of 0.6 atm.
Solution: 0.2025 atm21.0816 atm
18.- The heating of ammonium chloride at 275 ºC causes its decomposition, resulting in
hydrogen chloride and ammonia. The Kpfrom this reaction is 1.04·10-2. If in a closed flask
(where a vacuum has been previously created) of 1L of volume, 0.98 grams of chloride are placed
ammonium and is reached. Determine the amount of ammonium chloride that will remain undecomposed.
in balance.
Sol.: 0.8587 g
19.-It is a closed container of 200 ml that contains sulfur (s), 1 gram of hydrogen (g), and 3.2 g of
hydrogen sulfide(g). After heating the container to 380 K, the following equilibrium is established H2S (g)
⇔ H2(g) + S (s). Considering that the equilibrium constant is 0.07, determine the pressure.
partial pressures of gases in equilibrium.
Sol.: 86,48 atm 6,056 atm
20.- Ammonium bromide (s) decomposes endothermically yielding ammonia (g) and
hydrobromic acid (g)
According to Le Chatelier's principle, explain whether, once at equilibrium, the amount of
hydrobromic acid (g) increases, decreases or remains unchanged in the following cases:
a) When NH3 (g) is introduced
b) By doubling the volume of the container.
c) Deduce whether the value of Kp at 400 ºC will be greater, less than, or equal to that at 25 ºC.
{"a":"decreases","b":"increases","c":"greater"}
21.-Phosphorus reacts with bromine to give PBr3. If 50 g of phosphorus is reacted with
200 g of bromine,
a) How much PBr3 will be obtained?
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CHEMISTRY Topic 2. Chemical Reactions. Stoichiometry
Exercises
b) What and how much will remain unreacted?
Sol.: a) 225,82 g; b) 24,13 g de fósforo
22.- Equal masses of zinc and iodine are mixed. Iodine completely converts to ZnI2. What
Does part of the original zinc mass remain unreacted?
Solution: 74.2%
23.-To obtain 98 g of Cr through aluminothermy (reduction process of oxides)
metallic ones with Al) 152 g of Cr has been used.2O3and 54 g of powdered Al. What has been the degree of
conversion?
Sol.: 94.2
24.-Given the reaction: 2 K 2Cr2O7(s) + 2 H2O(l) + 3 S(s) 6 3 SO2(g) + 4 KOH(s) + 2 Cr2O3(s). If they have
5 liters of SO collected2measured under normal conditions, is required:
a) What amount of S has reacted?
b) How much Cr2O3Has it formed?
c) If a stoichiometric mixture of reactants is made, calculate the amount of K2Cr2O7 that has
reacted.
d) Likewise if the mixture has been made by putting K2Cr2O7y S in stoichiometric proportions and water
with a 50% excess
Sol.: a) 7,14 g; b) 22,6 g; c)43,78 g; d) 43,78 g
25.- Calculate the masses of Mg and O that must combine to form 423.59 g of Mg oxide.
Knowing that 3.068 g of Mg combines with 2.018 g of O to form that oxide.
Sol.: 168,07 g de O y 255,52 g de Mg
26.-In a lime kiln, 500 kg of lime are to be produced using a limestone that contains
70% calcium carbonate. Calculate the amount of stone needed if the yield is
the oven reaches 85%
Sol.: 1500 kg
27.-A container contains a mixture of N2y H2with 60% in volume of the second. These
componentes reaccionan, a T constante, formando amoniaco, hasta alcanzar el equilibrio. En ese
At this moment the pressure is 80% of the initial. Calculate for the equilibrium situation.
a) Conversion achieved
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CHEMISTRY Topic 2. Chemical Reactions. Stoichiometry
Exercises
b) Composition of the mixture
Sol.: a) 50%; b) 37,5% de N237.5% of H2and 25% of NH3
28.-Given the reaction: Fe2O3(s) + C (s) 6 CO2(g) + Fe (s). Required:
a) Adjust the reaction
b) How many kg of C are needed to react with 418 kg of Fe2O3?
c) How many kg of 96% w/w coke of C are needed to react with one ton of
iron ore that contains 46% p/p of Fe2O3?
d) How many kg of iron could be obtained from 1 ton of that ore?
Solution: a) 2 Fe2O3(s) + 3 C (s) = 3 CO2(g) + 4 Fe (s); b) 47,08 kg; c) 53,97 kg; d) 321,83 kg
29.- Trinitrotoluene, TNT, a powerful explosive with the molecular formula C7H5N3O6in a current
from O2. The analysis of the products reveals that a mixture of CO has been formed.2, H2O and N2If
order:
a) Balance the reaction.
b) Calculate the number of O molecules2necessary to react with 2.7·10^5 molecules of TNT.
c) Calculate the moles of O2necessary to react with 1.67 g of TNT.
d) Calculate the grams of CO.2from 2.48 g of TNT.
e) Calculate the grams of H2Or produced by reacting 12.6 g of TNT with 10.2 g of O2.
f) If 12.6 g of TNT is burned and 2 g of water is collected, what is the yield of the reaction?
Sol.: a) 4 C7H5N3O6+ 21 O2= 28 CO2+ 6 N2+ 10 H2O; b) 1.42·106; c) 0,0386 moles; d) 3,365 g; e)
2.5 g; f) 80%
A mixture of sodium bicarbonate and decahydrated sodium carbonate is heated forming
anhydrous sodium carbonate. The reactions are:
Na2CO3⋅10H2O (s)→Na2CO3(s) + 10 H2O (g)
2 sodium bicarbonate3(s)→Na2CO3(s) + H2O (g) + CO2(g)
If 2.2 g of CO is formed2and the total mass loss of the mixture is 4.8 g, what was the amount
from Na2CO3⋅10 hours2O?
Sol.: 2.72 g
31.- CO can be prepared.2letting fall, drop by drop, H2SO4concentrated on bicarbonate
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CHEMISTRY Theme 2. Chemical Reactions. Stoichiometry
Exercises
sodium according to the following reaction: NaHCO3(s) + H2SO46 CO2(g) + Na2SO4(s) + H2O (l). If
ask:
a) Balance the reaction.
b) If the NaHCO3Used has a purity of 94% w/w. How many grams of this compound are needed?
to prepare 10 g of CO2?
c) If H2SO4it is used in an aqueous solution of 52% w/w and its d = 1.26 g/cm3 what volume of this
solution to be used to obtain 10 g of CO2?