Concrete Cascarones

Nombre : Charlie Gutierrez Quentasi

Instructor: Eng. Freddy Antonio Murillo Fanola
Subject: Concrete Technology
Fecha : 03/06/28
INTRODUCTION:

The present work aims to showcase the construction processes of the various types of sheets.
how the domes and concrete shells are, knowing their evolution, application, and development in the
world, as well as its great representatives who conceived and implemented in their projects.

Through gathered information, we can discover a great variety of forms and structures that
They can define a space through a cover and especially the large spans they can generate.
according to the design and function used.

As we have already discussed, sheet structures are a field with many possibilities. In this
The text only aims to delve into the most important ones, showing their construction process.
behaviors and characteristics.
INDEX

1. History (Evolution of the dome and shells in concrete)

1.1 Background

2. Types of panels (Domes and shells)

2.1 Examples of the great exponents:

3. Domes (Definition)
3.1 Behavior
3.2 Characteristics
3.3 Construction Process

4. Shells (Definition)
4.1 Behavior
4.2 Characteristics
4.3 Typologies (Concrete)
4.4 Construction Process
1History (Evolution of the dome and shells in concrete) It can be said that the next historical milestone
in the use of elements
1.1 Background: we can find lamina at the beginning of last century at the Orly Hangers
(1921). It is a system of
folded laminas that represent a
world record. Not only in their
dimensions but in cubic meters
concrete used by volume
construction tool; this is added to
a very reduced workforce and a
unusual high execution speed
under construction of reinforced concrete,
thanks to ingenuity in the process
constructive based on repetition and
in the auxiliary means.
 "Orly Hangars" (1921) by Eugene
1. History (Evolution of concrete domes and shells) Freyssinet
Around the same time, it is worth highlighting two
1.1 Background: designers are also important. In
In first place, we have Pier Luigi Nervi
with works as important as the Hangar
of the Italian Air Force (Rome) or
the Turin Exhibition
Hall.

Rome Hangar and Turin Exhibition Hall by Pier Luigi Nervi

1. History (Evolution of the dome and shells in concrete) 1.1

Background:

"Algeciras Market" by Torroja Miret

On the other on one side we have Eduardo Torroja Miret,

author of works like the Algeciras Market or the
Frontón de Recoletos among many others
notable.

Recoletos Fronton by Torroja Miret

1. History Evolution of the dome and shells in concrete
1.1 Background:
It also refers to more contemporary works such as the Centre of New Industries and
technologies located in La Défense, Paris, the oceanographic of Valencia, the gas station of Heinz Isler
on the highway between Bern and Zurich or the Palau Blaugrana of Francesc Cavale and Josep Soteras.

Double curvature sheets

 Double sheets
curvature

Type of sheets
 Laminated structures offer a wide range of possibilities, among the
the most commonly used typologies are the following:

Domes
Walls of cylindrical sheets
Foldable plates
Cylindrical sheets
Hyperboloids and hyperbolic paraboloids
Inflatable beams

2. Basic structural systems:

Structure is defined as bodies capable of resisting loads without
there is excessive deformation of one part in relation to another. For
Hello, the function of a structure is to transmit forces from one point to another.
another in space, resisting its application without losing stability

Portico
Arch: Triangle:
 Lintel and Portico.
Tree: (A)
Defined by isolated vertical support elements that hold
individually horizontal covers
 Tire: (B)

It is based on forming constructive components with

elastic materials that allow them to be inflated with air

4. Concrete domes:Definition
The dome or cupola is a surface obtained by the rotation of a curve.
plane around a vertical axis (surface of revolution) and resists only
compression forces, to avoid the tendency for the diameter to increase
at the base with a stiffer element along the entire support.
4.1 Comportamiento:
Most of the domes are circular, although there are some examples.
elliptical. All must be designed to withstand lateral pushes; otherwise
they would expand and this would produce perimeter tension. The domes
Ellipses are defined by the rotation of a half-ellipse around its axis.
vertical; its behavior is not as efficient as that of a dome
esférica, pues la parte superior de la cáscara es más plana y la disminución
curvature introduces greater stresses. In contrast, the parabolic dome
it can have greater curvature at the top and presents advantages
structural, even compared to the sphere.
 His mobility and inability to resist
Dome scheme indicating the meridians and parallels shear or compression stresses,
they restrict the use of membranes.
5. Shells: Definition All the disadvantages of the action of
membrane is avoided by conserving it
They are called resistant structures by the form to those whose resistance
same time most of their
It is obtained by shaping the material according to the loads it must support. A
advantages in thin shells.
inverted membrane subjected to the same loads for which it was given
Originally, it would be a structure of this type and would develop only
compression, that is, it would constitute the two-dimensional antifunicular of those loads
 5.1 Comportamiento:
Thin shells are resistant structures due to their shape.
thin enough not to develop appreciable tensions of
flexion, but also thick enough to withstand loads due to
compression, cutting and traction. Although they have been made of wood, steel
and plastic materials are ideal for constructing them in reinforced concrete.

Domed grid systems

Range
The of lights
thin shells allow for

5.1 Shell Systems and their Lights: Maximum:construction

economic
Optimo:
other
Steel or Woodof[10domes
Steelroofs
curved or Wood
; 150] mand
[20; 90]shapes,
of various m
great beauty and exceptional resistance
 Vault systems
Range of lights
Maximo: Reinforced concrete [4 ; 30] m
Optimo: Reinforced concrete [8 ; 20] m
Simple curvature systems
Light range
Maximum: Reinforced concrete [10 ; 75] m
Optimo: Reinforced concrete [20; 60] m

Dome systems
Range of lights
Maximum: Reinforced concrete [20 ; 200] m
Optimo: Reinforced concrete [40; 150] m
Hyperbolic paraboloid systems
Light range
Maximum
Reinforced concrete [15; 70] m
Wood [15 ; 60] m
Optimal
Reinforced concrete [25; 60] m
Wood [20; 50] m

Prismatic folding systems

Range of lights
Maximum
Reinforced concrete [10 ; 60] m
Wood [8 ; 50] m
Optimal
Reinforced concrete [15; 50] m Wood [10; 40] m Intersecting folding systems Range of spans
 Maximum
Reinforced concrete [20 ; 100] m
Wood [15 ; 80] m Optimal
Reinforced concrete [25; 80] m Wood [20; 60] m

Linear folding systems

Range of lights
Maximum
Reinforced concrete [10 ; 90] m
Wood [10; 70] m
Optimo
Concreto armado [20 ; 70] m Madera [15 ; 60] m

[Link] Process (concrete shells):

Structure formed by three hyperbolic paraboloids on the vertical axis rotated
120º. The free edge of each lobe is the result of the intersection of a
inclined plane at 69.20º with the horizontal plane.
 Restaurant of the Oceanographic of Valencia
Both in the building of
Restaurant like the one in
Access delete
Oceanographic of
Valencia, we can
appreciate it what
characterizes
generally the works
of Félix Candela:

big lights.
paraboloid surface
hyperbolic.
concrete structures
with minimum thicknesses.
a lot of labor
(procedure of
complex encoding.
Inspiration from
architect:
Structure:
Free border
Construction:
Placement of the formwork
Beam Coupling
Shaped, form-worked, and concrete poured of the
cover
Beam Placement
Bracing
Safety beams
Equipped

Placement of the assembly

Concreting
Execution
 Sprayed concrete for roofing
Healed
Uncovered
Building enclosure
Building enclosure