THEMATIC INDEX

Summary page 003

Introduction and Origin page 003

General Objective page 004

Specific objective page 005

Work Methodology pag. 005

Applying RCM to Air Conditioning equipment page 013

pág. 2
Summary:
Data centers are characterized by high quality demands.
reliability of its equipment. The proper maintenance of the equipment
it is one of the pillars to guarantee service quality and continuity
of the operation. Since if the air conditioning units were to stop
it would function, the temperature in the room would rise and they would stop working.
data processing servers would stop operating
services, for example from a bank: ATMs, operations,
bank transactions, etc....
This work shows the application of Centered Maintenance in the
Reliability (RCM: Reliability Centered Maintenance) in a machine
critique of precision air conditioning, identified through the use
of multicriteria decision-making tools implemented with participation
from personnel of different areas of the company. This machine was taken as
prototype to carry out a pilot experience that will then be extended to
todo el equipamiento más relevante de la planta. El RCM es una
methodology that allows determining the most suitable type of maintenance
for a team to fulfill its design functions, considering its
current operational context. It is characterized by being a tool
structured, that uses standardized procedures under standards
techniques. One of the goals of RCM is to reduce activity and cost of
maintenance at fair and necessary value, seeking to focus on the
main functions of a team and the most important risks,
avoiding superfluous maintenance actions or those that are not strictly necessary
necessary. As a result of the use of the methodology, it was defined the
planning of maintenance activities for the main ones
components of the selected machine for this application.

2. Introduction and Origin:

2.1. Introduction.
.
In such a competitive environment as the one in which they operate today...
entidades bancarias, Los data center`s constituye un área muy especial,
which is characterized by having strong quality requirements for its equipment
and security in their procedures, for maintaining the database and
information on banking operations of an entire country and abroad, in
In this context, the reliability of your equipment is essential to be able to
atender los estándares de calidad y los requerimientos de temperatura y
humidity and achieve a comfortable environment for the machines.
The operating process in this type of environment is quite
particular, since it must be worked under total aseptic conditions, for the
that maintenance interventions must be carefully
planned and executed under strict controls for this knowledge of
the latest maintenance management techniques always constitute a
appropriate path to achieve an improvement in efficiency and quality
of service.

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 It is therefore essential to determine the maintenance policies.
more suitable, on one hand to minimize the stops, which in this area
from the industry cause numerous disorders that go beyond the fall
from the servers.
It is necessary to seek planned interventions, as the staff of
maintenance must comply with hygiene and safety standards.

The application of the Reliability-Centered Maintenance model

RCM, acronym in English, (RCM: Reliability Centered Maintenance), has
has given very good results in asset management. The benefits of this
application will be reflected in the maintenance management of the
Plant Management, as well as the Management of Services and Supplies, to
perform management in RCM on the Air Conditioning equipment of
Precision (APC) so that decisions can later be made with
a greater amount of information, which will allow for the actions of
this is even more accurate. The central motivation for the development of RCM
for this equipment, it is based on high criticality, and the loss of its
functions during an emergency situation would cause serious problems to
the different types of servers in the BANK DATA CENTER
CREDIT.

2.2. Origin.

In 1960, the US government formed a task force that included

representatives of the Federal Aviation Agency and the airlines, for
investigate the capabilities of preventive maintenance.
Those first studies, led by Stanley Nowlan and Howard Heap,
originated the RCM, from the words in English Reliability Centred
Maintenance, traducido al español como Mantenimiento Centrado en la
Reliability was the title of the report on Reliability and it was the title
of the report they presented on the processes to prepare the programs
for aircraft maintenance.

The application of RCM criteria allowed for a reduction in incidence in the

ninety at a rate of two serious accidents with fatalities for every million
takeoffs.

In the 1980s, the RCM technique began to penetrate into the

industry in general. It began to penetrate the industry in general. John
Moubray and his associates were pioneers in developing a rigorous
methodology for applying this technique in the industry, began to
working in the mining and manufacturing sectors, they used a version
slightly modified from the Nowlan and Heap diagram, giving rise to
RCM2.

3. Objective:

General Objectives:
Develop a Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) plan for
increase the availability of the servers of the Banco de Crédito.

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 Specific Objectives:

• Understand the process to ensure service quality and the

continuity of operation.

Identify the equipment and the systems that compose it.

Understand and apply the RCM method in the air conditioning equipment
de precisión marca: APC, modelo:InRow SC ACSC100 defining
functions, functional failures, failure modes, effects of failures and
assigning each one their appropriate proactive task, all of this within the
operational context of the team.

• Develop a Reliability-Centered Maintenance plan for the

APC Air Conditioning Equipment, which includes: the Information Sheet,
Decision Sheet and RCM Work Sheet.

4. Methodology of the Work:

RELIABILITY-CENTERED MAINTENANCE IN THE

RELIABILITY (RCM)
Reliability Centred Maintenance (RCM)
Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) Applied to equipment
Precision air conditioning for a data center.

4.1 Implementation and development of the RCM:

Data centers are characterized by high quality demands and

reliability of your equipment. The proper maintenance of the equipment
it is one of the pillars to ensure the quality of service and continuity
of the operation. Since if the air conditioning units were to stop
it would cause the temperature in the room to rise and would stop working the
data processing servers would stop operating as well.
services, for example from a
bank: ATMs,
operations transactions
banking, etc....
This work shows the
application of Maintenance
Focused on Reliability
(RCM: Reliability Centered
Maintenance) on a machine
air conditioning review of
precision, identified through
of the use of tools of
decision multicriteria
implemented with the
participation of personnel from
different areas of the company.
This machine was taken as
prototype to conduct a pilot experience that will then be extended to
all the most relevant equipment of the plant. The RCM is a
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 methodology what allows
determine the type of
most suitable maintenance
so that a team meets
the functions of design
considering his context
current operational. It is characterized
for being a tool
structured what usa
procedures standardized
low technical standards. One of the
goals of RCM is to reduce the
activity y the cost of
maintenance at fair value and
necessary, trying to focus
in the main functions of a
team and the most important risks, avoiding actions of
superfluous maintenance or that are not strictly necessary. As
result of the use of the methodology defined the planning of the
maintenance activities for the main components of the
machine selected for this application.

4.2 Description of the precision air conditioning equipment machine

Team:

It is a precision air conditioning machine, built and

designed mainly for temperature conditioning of
machines and not for comfort (people), since this machine extracts more
sensible heat (machines) compared to latent heat (people), also contains a
humidifier and dehumidifier system to control the level of
humidity in the data center room.
Brand of the equipment: APC
Model: InRow SC ACSC100

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Figure 1 shows a general layout of the machine and Figure 2 a photo.
of the team.

1 Condenser coil 8 Filter/dryer of

cooling
Bypass valve of
2 condenser fans 9
hot gas
3 Compressor 10 Power Supply
Floats of the tray of
4 11 Condensate pump
condensation
5 Evaporator fans 12 Caja de alta tensión
6 Evaporator coil 1/2 inch air filter
standard washable
7 14 Interface panel of
TXV expansion valve user

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Fig. No. 3

1 Inlet air duct 7 Father grader

adjustable
2 removable back doors 8 Screen interface
Puerta forward
3 Side panel latch 9
removable
Lock of the
4 removable side panel 10
door
Wheels rear (no11 Air duct of
5 revolving) escape

6 front wheels (steering)

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The precision team does not have high and low pressure gauges.
pressure as shown in the detailed components figure (fig.
Only the condenser unit of the air conditioning equipment was taken.
precision air conditioning as the first subset to analyze, already
que es por donde se registran más fugas de gas refrigerante debido a
a high pressure in the equipment and consequently when the gas is evacuated
the oil from the system is also eliminated causing several breakdowns and
work in abnormal conditions of the equipment.
Here are described the main functions and elements (subsets) that
are part of the operation of the condensing unit.

A. Motor compressor
B. Copper coil of the condenser
C. Dryer filter
D. Condenser fan
E. Electrical and electronic system
F. Condensate pump

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4.3 Resolution method:

RCM is the methodology for developing maintenance plans for the

development of maintenance strategies, this methodology is part
of the philosophy of modern maintenance.

The methodology proposed by the RCM is based on an FMEA-type analysis.

(Failure Modes and Effects Analysis), developed in a format
called 'RCM Information Sheet', where it describes for each
equip the following information:

Function.
Functional Failure.
Mode of each failure.
Effect of the fault.
Consequences of the failure
Maintenance activity that can predict or prevent failure
Define activity 'in the absence of'

Starting from the Information Sheet and using the 'Decision Diagram
RCM” (Figure 4), through a logical sequence of analysis, the following is obtained:
list of maintenance tasks to be developed. For each fault of
Function established in the Information Sheet, the Diagram is traversed.
Decision from the upper left to the right and towards
below answering the questions raised in that diagram

According to the SAE JA 1011 standard, the 7 basic questions of the RCM process
son

What is the function?

Which must contain: verb + object + operation parameter.

What is the functional failure?

Reasons why it stops doing what the user wants it to do.

3. What is the mode of failure?

What could have caused the functional failure.

4. What is the effect of the failure?

What happens when the failure occurs.

5. What is the consequence of the failure?

Reasons why it matters that it fails.

6. What can be done to avoid or minimize the consequence of the failure?

7. What is done if no task is found to avoid or minimize the

consequence of the failure?

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OPERATIONAL CONTEXT OF THE MCC

The factors that influence maintenance must be taken into account.

of it, such as:

1.- Climate factors (excessive or constant changes)

2.- Special (specific and legal) Regulations and Rules

3.- Type of process (continuous 24hrs / by batches, etc.)

4.- Redundancy (or alternative forms of production)

5.- Quality Standards.- (they give specific conditions to the operation.)

6.- Environmental Standards (impact on the environment)

7.- Security Risks (reasons for caution)

8.- Usage limits (mechanical, electrical, hydraulic elements,

tires, electronics, etc.

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page 12
4.3 Applying RCM to APC air conditioning equipment:

RCM allows the maintenance of system functions within the

specific parameters, considering common and potential failures
for the design of an optimal maintenance plan for each of
they

APC Precision Air Conditioning System

The condenser unit is the part of the equipment responsible for cooling the
refrigerant and dissipate the heat extracted from the environment (data center) and
condense the refrigerant and send it in liquid form to the evaporator
passing through the expansion valve first.

A- The compressor motor sucks in the refrigerant gas at low pressure 60psi and
high pressure gas discharge into the condenser.
B- In the condenser coil, the heat extracted from the environment is dissipated and
the refrigerant gas is condensed and sent to the liquid evaporator at high
pressure 200 psi.
C-El filtro secador o’ deshidratador, su función es atrapar impurezas y
humidity of the cooling system.
The fan motor of the condenser unit is responsible for making
the transfer of heat and condense the refrigerant gas.
The electrical and electronic control and power part of the unit where
the engines are connected.
The condensate pump is responsible for pushing the resulting water.
from the extraction of humidity from the environment produced in the evaporator.

SUB - Condenser System

1.- WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE TEAM

Primaries: Refrigerant gas condensing is performed at high pressure.
Secondaries: Security, comfort for the servers

2.- WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONAL FAILURES

Loss of refrigerant condensation capacity.

3.- WHAT ARE THE MODES OF FAILURE:

Copper pipes with refrigerant gas leaks.
I fell into the condenser fan.
Failure in the pressure switch. The equipment is experiencing low pressure (15
PSI) normal operation (60 PSI).

4.-WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF THE FAILURE

Inadequate functioning of the Air Conditioning system in the
server room, are characterized by high temperatures in
the room and the processing servers would stop functioning
data and I would stop the services from operating, for example of a

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 bank: ATMs, operations, bank transactions,
Etc....
Discredit for the banking entity.
Complaints and reports for lack of attention

5.- CONSEQUENCES OF THE FAILURE:

5.1 OPERATIONAL:
The team runs out of gas, reducing the cooling capacity.
Freezing of the equipment in the evaporator unit would lead to a
dripping due to excessive condensation this is very serious in a data
center.
Recalentamiento y/o quemado del moto compresor hermético al
running out of oil.
Gas leak in the coil.

5.2 NON-OPERATIONAL:
The data processing servers would stop working and
they would stop operating the services, for example a bank:
ATMs, operations, banking transactions, etc....

5.3 SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENT:

The release of R-22 gas into the environment is highly polluting since
its chemical composition contains CHLORO, the main agent of deterioration
of the ozone layer.

5.4 HIDDEN FAILURES:

High and low pressure of the equipment, there is no way to control the pressures in the
team.

6.- MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY THAT CAN PREDICT AND

PREVENTING FAILURE:

6.1 Condition-based maintenance.

Detection of temperature and humidity of the environment through the thermometer
Hygrometer installed in the data center room. Measurement of temperature.
air discharge of the equipment with infrared thermometer type pyrometer,
pressure measurement of the equipment with the manometer
6.2 Cyclical Reconditioning
6.3 Reemplazo Cíclico.-Mantenimiento cíclico preventivo: Requiere tomar
high and low pressure parameters of equipment and detect a
high or low pressure in the equipment and the frequency with which they occur for
establish the change period.

7.- ACTIVITIES 'IN THE ABSENCE OF':

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Improvement maintenance: Requires a redesign of the system.
refrigeration and install high and low pressure gauges on the equipment
air conditioning.

High pressure safety valves: this security device and

equipment protection would allow us to protect the coil from
condenser and prevent a break or crack in the pipe and prevent leaks.
See fig...

Low pressure safety valves: this safety device and

equipment protection would allow us to protect the motor compressor,
freezing in the system, environmental pollution and the
the equipment would stop at a certain range of a minimum pressure and
I would send a warning signal for their immediate intervention.
equipment. See fig. ...

DUAL HIGH AND LOW PRESSURE PRESSURE SWITCH (fig…)

OPERATION DIAGRAM OF THE PRESSURE SWITCHES

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 Results
The following are the documents prepared for the component
taken as an example in this application: Air conditioning unit of
precision.

Table No. 1

MAINTENANCE
BCP CCLM - data center RCM INFORMATION SHEET

ELEMENT: Air conditioning equipment of Date of Execution: 2017 Realizado por: Grupo RCM
precisión

COMPONENTE: Unidad condensadora Fecha Revisión: 2017 Reviewed by: RCM Group

FUNCTION FUNCTION FAILURE MODE OF FAILURE (Cause) EFFECT OF FAILURES (What happens
when it fails

Data cooling A) It does not cool the environment 1) refrigerant gas leak in High temperature in the data center room
to a temperature of one of the copper pipes at 25ºC.
19ºC capacitor

line freezing of Leaking due to excessive condensation in the

low pressure suction. evaporator and could damage some equipment of the
data center.

the team is without The compressor motor could burn out and produce the
oil to lubricate the engine total failure of the equipment causing a complete shutdown of the
compressor due to the leak of the data center and with it the halt of operations
gas from the bank.

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 Table No. 2 shows the Decision Sheet, obtained from the use of the Diagram of
decision that defines the maintenance activity for each failure mode

MAINTENANCE
BCP CCLM – data center RCM II DECISION SHEET

ELEMENT: Air conditioning equipment Produced by: RCM Group Fecha Realización: 2017
of precision

COMPONENT: Condenser unit Reviewed by: RCM Group

Reference Evaluation of H1 H2 H3 Tasks

CARRY OUT THE
Information. consequences S1 S2 S3 the lack
FREQUENCY TASK
01 02 03 of PROPOSED TASKS
INITIAL
F FF MF H S E O N1 N2 N3 H4 H5 S4

Detection of pipe freezing Weekly Operator of the

low pressure suction team

Temperature and humidity detection of Operator

1 A 1 S N N S S environment through the installed hygrometer specialized
in the data center room. Measurement of the Daily
air discharge temperature of the equipment with
infrared thermometer type pyrometer.
1 A 4 S N N N S Pressure measurement of the equipment with the Monthly Operator
manometer, parameter collection with equipment specialized
working.

Table No. 3.6 outlines the Maintenance Plan developed for the component.
used in this application.

MAINTENANCE PLAN MP N°: 0001

ELEMENT: Air conditioning equipment Fecha

Execution: Made by: BCP CCLM -
COMPONENT: Condensing unit data center
2017
MES
TASKS TO BE DONE
ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN JUL AGO SEP OCT NOV DIC
Detection of freezing of the Operator of the
low pressure suction pipe S team

Temperature detection and

humidity of the environment through the Operator
hygrometer term installed in the room specialized
2nd data center. Measurement of the D
air discharge temperature of the
equipo con termómetro infrarrojo
pyrometer type.
Pressure measurement on the equipment with Operator X X X X X X X X X X X X
3 M
the manometer specialized

NEW FINDINGS: TASK STATUS TASK FREQUENCY

PROGRAMMED ο D: DAILY WEEKLY Monthly

T: C:
FULFILLED ANNUAL
Quarterly Semester

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Table 3. Maintenance plan for the condensing unit

As can be seen, from this document the staff of

maintenance has all the necessary information to deploy its
task, from the type of planned intervention to the dates by which they must
to carry out the planned tasks, facilitating the management of the area.
The staff carrying out these tasks must record all the information.
related to the execution of the same, as well as any updates
detectada durante el desarrollo de sus actividades, para retroalimentar el sistema
and generate the indicators of interest for monitoring the area.
The information related to the compliance with the scheduled tasks thus
how the findings detected in each inspection can be recorded in a
maintenance management information system or use this same sheet to
register your compliance.

Conclusions
This work develops the implementation of a structured model for
develop an objective planning for the maintenance of the components of a
precision air conditioning machine, in a very industrial sector
particularly regarding the quality and safety conditions under which
they must develop the functions of the teams.
The working group has experienced the use of RCM in very applications
various, and in this case has been able to verify once again the advantages
comparisons of RCM as a tool for maintenance management.
This is due to the fact that RCM is a structured methodology,
standardized under specific norms, which facilitates decision-making
based on objective criteria. Furthermore, as it is a tool
focused on the function for which each one has been designed
analyzed components and the consequences of their failures, allows to focus
better the maintenance work.
On the other hand, as shown in this work, the application of RCM
it has a participatory character, in which it is advisable to encourage intervention
of personnel from different areas of the organization, resulting in an experience
enriching for all involved in its application and with a value
very special addition for the maintenance sector.
We must add that the application of RCM allows maintaining the functions of
system within the specified parameters, considering the failures
comunes y potenciales, diseñando un plan de mantenimiento para cada una de
they

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