HEAT EXCHANGER PRACTICE WITH FINNED TUBES

I. THEORETICAL INTRODUCTION

In most devices, heat transfer between fluids occurs through

from a surface of exchange and these fluids do not mix, however, there are
some exchangers in which heat transfer occurs through mixing
of such fluids. The larger the exchange surface, the better the heat transfer will be,
therefore, "fins" are usually used to increase this surface and reduce the
resistance to heat transfer.

The most commonly used compact heat exchanger is the finned tube type. The configuration of the
The blade can be rectangular or circular, continuous or individual; in turn, the geometry for the tubes.
It can be circular, flat, or oval. In operation, part or all of the surface of the fin can be
covered by a film of water produced by the condensation of water vapor in the current
of incoming air.

Extended surfaces: The term extended surface is typically used with reference to a
solid that experiences heat transfer by conduction within its limits, so
as heat transfer by convection and/or radiation between its boundaries and surroundings. The
the most common application is the use of extended surfaces specifically to increase
the rate of heat transfer between a solid and a adjacent fluid. This extended surface
is called "fin".

Among its common uses, we have radiators (water cooling coolers for the
internal combustion systems) the external structure of the chamber (cylinder) of the engines of
motorcycles, etc.

Consider the flat wall in the figure; if T is fixed, there are two ways in which it is possible to increase the
heat transfer. The convection coefficient (h) could be increased by increasing the
fluid velocity could be reduced and the fluid temperature might decrease.

The most effective heat efficiency is achieved by increasing the surface area through which
Convection occurs, this is achieved through the use of fins that extend from the wall to the fluid.
the thermal conductivity of the fin material has a strong effect on the distribution
of temperatures along the fin and therefore influences the degree to which the transfer of
heat increases, there are different configurations of fins.

The fins are mounted on a thermal device, piping, or another system in order to increase the
product of the convective Heat Transfer Coefficient with the Area (hA) and thus reduce the
thermal resistance (1/hA). However, the additional Area is not as efficient as the surface.
original, the average surface temperature of the whole turns out to be lower, so, by reducing the
average temperature difference between the surface and the fluid, it may happen that the increase of
surface does not produce a noticeable increase in the heat dissipated flow or even that it
decrease, meaning that the fins thermally insulate the surface. It becomes important
Well, determine the resulting temperature field when installing the fins.

Classification of extended surfaces:

Longitudinal fins.– the pipes and tubes with longitudinal fins consist of long strips of
metal with channels attached to the outside of the tube. These strips are held either by insertion into
tube or continuously welding them at their base. This type of longitudinal fins are used
commonly in double pipe exchangers or shell and tube exchangers without
deflectors when the flow proceeds along the axis of the tube. The longitudinal fins are used
most commonly in problems involving gases and viscous liquids or when due to the
reduced flow of some of the transfer media originates laminar flows.

Transverse fins. - The transverse fins are mainly used for cooling and
Heating of gases in cross flow. Helicoidal fins are classified as fins.
transverse and are attached in various ways such as inserts, expanding the metal itself to
forming the fin or welding a metal strip to the tube in a continuous shape. Disc type fins
they are also of the transversal type and are usually welded to the tube or attached to it using
contraction.
The most common current applications are in the following services: water cooling with
air, steam condensation, economizers and steam superheaters in boiler furnaces
air cooling serpentine in air conditioners, recovery boilers and cycle boilers
combined, sections of convection of process heaters and oil coolers
services involving heating or cooling of gases. These applications generally do not
armor is required, since the bundle of tubes is not confined but rather interposed in the
gas conductor channel.

II. OBJECTIVES

a) Conceptual

1. Understand the principles that govern heat exchange in extended surfaces.

2. Evaluate the overall heat transfer coefficient in a tube heat exchanger
winged, with longitudinal type fins, based on the individual coefficients and
compare it with the theoretical one.
3. Evaluate the efficiency of the fins using experimental data.
4. Evaluate the actual embedding factor of the equipment.

b) Procedural

1. Create the flow diagram of the extended fin heat exchange team.
2. Carry out the heat exchange between the flow of water and the flow of air through the
heat exchanger under constant conditions.

c) Attitudinal

Foster the active participation of the student in a collaborative way in teamwork.

2. Enhance bibliographic information gathering skills and analysis of the
same.

III. DATA TABLE

Table of experimental data

The entry of The exit of The entry of The exit of LPM In the air
air air water water
° ° ° ° ⁄ ⁄
32 38 51 47 12.5 6.8

Team data table

of of Of L total L of fin No. b eb

fins

0.03591 0.04114 0.072 1.856 1.436 24 0.01231 0.00139

Data table of fluids

Fluid Density Cp Viscosity K

Air
2.004 0.241 0.06822 0.02259
3 ° ℎ ℎ°
Water
988.47 0.999 2.0016 0.5595
3 ° ℎ ℎ°

IV. CALCULATION SEQUENCE

Air mass flow

= =

= → = → =

1.7566 atm 28.84 g 1 kg 1000L

= 0.0695 ∗ ∗ ∗
∗ gmol 1000g 1m3
(0.08205 (
) 308:15 AM)
∗
= 2.004 3

∗ 2∗
=
4
3600s 2∗ )
6.8 ∗ (
0.0525m
2.004 ) ∗ ℎ = 106.1983
3 4 ℎ

2. Calculation of the heat transferred

= ∗ ∗∆

= 106.1983 0.241 ∗( 38 −32 °C

) = 153.5627
ℎ ° ℎ
3. Calculation of the global heat transfer coefficient experimentally referred to the internal area

( ΔTa1 - ΔTa2 ) ( 13- 15° )

∆ = = = 13.98°
∆Ta1 13
ln
∆ 2 15
. . = di * π * 2 * L = 0.03591 ∗ ∗ 2 ∗ 1.436m = 0.324m2

153.5627
= = ℎ = 33.9026
.∗ ∆ 0.324m2∗ 13.98° ℎ 2°
.

4. Calculation of the equivalent diameter

 2 2)
∗( −
= − ∗ ∗
4
∗( (0.072m) 2− (0.04114m) 2)
2
= − 24 ∗ 0.01231m * 0.00139m = 0.00233
4

ℎ= ∗ + (* 2∗ −) = π * 0.04114m + 24 *2( ∗ 0.01231m - 0.00139m )

= 0.6867m

4 * a 4 ∗ 0.00233 2
= = 0.01357m
ℎ 0.6867m

5. Calculation of the Reynolds number

∗ 106.1983 ∗ 0.01357m
= = ℎ 9066.2935
∗ 0.06822 2
* 0.00233
ℎ

6. Calculation of the air film coefficient referred to the annular area

1
3
∗
1⁄ 0.02259 0.241 0.066822
3 ℎ° ( ° ℎ
ℎ = ( ) ( )
= 34 )
0.01357m 0.02259
ℎ°
= 50.9119
ℎ 2°

7. Calculation of the internal film coefficient referred to the internal area

∗ ∗ (740.53) (988.47)0.03591m( )
ℎ 3
= = = 13132.40
(2.0016
)
ℎ
1m3 60 minutes
12.5 ( )( )
min 1000L 1 hour
= = = 740.53
( 0.03591m) 2 ℎ
4∗ ∗
2
4
)

∗ 0.999 ∗ 2.0016
° ℎ
= = = 3.5739
0.5595
ℎ °
1⁄
=ℎ ∗ = 0.027 * Re0.8∗ 3∗ ∅-1

0.5595 1
ℎ = 0.027 * Re0.8∗
1⁄
3 = ℎ ° 0.02713132.403.5739
( )0.8 ( )3
0.03591 m
= 1267.6651
ℎ 2°
 8. Calculation of the theoretical heat transfer coefficient
1 1 1
= +
∪ ℎ ℎ
1 1
∪ = = = 208.8181
1 1 1 1 ℎ 2°
+ +
ℎ ℎ
1267.66 250
ℎ 2° ℎ 2°

9. Calculation of the thermal efficiency of the fin

= ∗ = 1.436m * 0.00139m = 0.001996m2
1⁄
1⁄ 2
ℎ ∗ 2 50.9119 ∗ 2.8966m
=( ) =( ℎ 2°
) = 13.6673
∗ 395.53 0.001996m2
ℎ °

(
tanh13.6673∗ 0.01231 )
∩= = 0.9902
13.66730.01231m
10. Calculation of the % deviation

− 208.8181 − 33.9026
% = * 100 = ℎ 2° ℎ 2°
* 100 = 83.76%
208.8181
ℎ 2°

[Link] TABLE

hfi hi Uteo Uexp ∩ %D

%
ℎ 2° ℎ 2° ℎ 2° ℎ 2°
250 1267.6651 208.8181 33.9026 0.9902 83.76%

VI. OBSERVATIONS

The fluids that were worked with (water and air) were placed countercurrent,
The inlet and outlet water temperatures are higher in relation to the air temperatures.

One must have control and set the volumetric flow rate on the rotameter, as if care is not taken
the flow can increase or decrease altering the results.

There must be control over the airspeed at the outlet by constantly monitoring it to
also realize if the flow meter expenditure does not change.

VII. CONCLUSIONS

In this practice, the overall heat transfer coefficient was obtained in a heat exchanger.
finned tube, with longitudinal type fins, based on the individual coefficients, concluding
that the higher U (global heat transfer coefficient) is, the better the capacity will be
to transfer heat, as well as a high deviation in terms of the values of
heat coefficients obtained, theoretical-experimental, this due to factors that cannot be
control like that of pressure or the factor of incrustation.

Also, when the fluid enters the heat exchanger, there is a variation in pressure and the number.
of Reynolds that, when the fluid collides with the fins, these can cause it to become a flow
turbulent.

On the other hand, it can also be concluded that the amount of heat transferred by the fins is
less than what can be transferred through the wall of the tube, since the difference that exists between the
the fluid and the wall of the tube is greater than the difference between the fin and the fluid, coupled with the
losses caused by the resistance of the fins to the passage of heat.