Understanding Injective, Surjective, Bijective Functions
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ScribdTranslationsDifferential and integral calculus
UNIT I. FUNCTIONS AND RELATIONS Injective. A function is injective if each element in the range corresponds to a unique element in the domain.
image is associated with one and only one element of the domain.
1.2. Injective, surjective, and bijective functions
Example 1: Let A={1,2,3} B={1,2,3}; f: A→B: f={(1,2), (2,1), (3,3)}
Functions can be classified as injective, surjective and That is to say, graphically it looks like:
bijective; to understand it, we must remember the definitions of
domino, imagen, codomino, variable dependiente y variable
independent, we will do it with the following example: Note that each element of the
set B receives only one line.
THEN IT IS INJECTABLE.
Let the set A = {1, 2, 3}
We apply the function: f(x) = x + 1
The first three elements of the set B = {2, 3, 4, 5} are obtained.
That is to say:
Example 2. Let A={1,2,3} B={1,2,3}; f: A→B: f={(1,2), (2,1), (3,2)}
A f(x) = x + 1 B
(only the indicated number was changed in
1 2 Red) Graphically it looks:
2 3
There is an element of B (the number 2) that
3 4
it receives two arrows or lines, therefore
5
IT IS NOT INJECTABLE.
The set A is called the domain of the function.
The set B is called the codomain of the function.
The elements of B obtained from f(x) A are called image. Example 3. For the following function: f(x) = y = x-1
the range (in this example the codomain and the image do not have the
same elements). To each element of the domino,
y = f(x): dependent variable. relates it in the function with
x: independent variable. An element of the image, by
So much is injectable.
NOTE: We can also indicate the function of the previous example in
NOTE: The domain and the image
defining sets A and B; and then defining the function; it is
to say they are all the reals:
A = {1, 2, 3} D=ℝ
B = {2, 3, 4, 5} I=ℝ
f = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4)}
Prepared by: MC. Marcel Ruiz Martínez 1
Differential and integral calculus
Example 4. If the function were f(x) = x2We would be graphing a Surjective functions. When the range and the codomain are equal.
parabola, like the one shown below: the function is surjective.
There are elements in the domain that Example 5: Let the sets be:
it is assigned the same value as the A = {1,2,3} and
image; for example the couple of B = {2,4}
P values1(2,4) has the same and the function
value of the image 4; that the f = {(1,2), (2,2), (3,4)}
point P2(-2,4). Therefore the Graphically it remains:
the function IS NOT INJECTIVE.
The set B = {2,4} is called
NOTE: Now the domain and the codomain.
images are different: The range of the function is I = {2,4}
D=ℝ
I = [0, +∞) Since the codomain and the range are equal, the function is
Superjective
Example 6. Let them be the same
previous sets BUT with the
function:
f = {(1,2), (2,2), (3,2Graphically
falls as follows:
The codomain B = {2, 4}
The range or image is: I = {2}
Since the codomain and the range are NOT equal, the function is NOT
SUPRAYECTIVE
In terms of functions, the entire Y-axis must be utilized, that is,
Images must be all real.
Ask the students, "What happens with the function y = 1/x?"
Will it be superjective?
Hidden answer: IT IS NOT...
Elaborated by: MC. Marcel Ruiz Martínez 2
Differential and integral calculus
Bijective Functions. For a function to be bijective, it is required Class practice 1.2.
that they are injective and surjective at the same time. I.- For items d), e) and f), indicate whether the functions are injective,
surjective or bijective:
Example 7. The function f(x)=y = x-1 is both injective and
surjective; therefore it is bijective.
II.- Indicate with an X if the function is injective, surjective or
bijective, two examples are shown:
The function Injective Surjective Bijective
Example 1: y = x - 1 X X X
Example 2: y = 1/x X
y = -2x + 1
y = x3- 2
ONLINE HELP: Download the GRAPH software (if not y= x
you have done it) and experience the graphs that you have practiced
[Link] Develop an EXERCISE PRACTICE following the rubrics
corresponding:[Link]
A book on the topic that I recommend can be found on Google. You can deliver the work printed or send the final document by
books, this is the direct link: email electronic a the following directions:
Marco A Flores Meyer (2007); Selected topics of marcelrzm@[Link]; marcelrzm@[Link] y
mathematics, Higher education and upper secondary. Publisher marcelrz2002@[Link]
Progress. Cuauhtémoc Delegation Mexico City.
Injective, surjective, and bijective functions