Scribd
Upload
18 views11 pages

Effective Solid Storage Systems in Food Industry

The document discusses the importance of proper storage systems for solids in the food industry, highlighting the characteristics and classifications of solids, such as cohesive and non-cohesive materials. It outlines various storage methods, including outdoor storage, silos, and hoppers, along with their advantages and disadvantages. The conclusion emphasizes the significance of effective storage in enhancing product quality and reducing costs in the marketing and transportation of stored materials.

Translated by

ScribdTranslations
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
18 views11 pages

Effective Solid Storage Systems in Food Industry

The document discusses the importance of proper storage systems for solids in the food industry, highlighting the characteristics and classifications of solids, such as cohesive and non-cohesive materials. It outlines various storage methods, including outdoor storage, silos, and hoppers, along with their advantages and disadvantages. The conclusion emphasizes the significance of effective storage in enhancing product quality and reducing costs in the marketing and transportation of stored materials.

Translated by

ScribdTranslations
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

STORAGE OF SOLIDS

UNIT OPERATIONS I

M.S.C. RICARDO ANDRADE

PRESENTED BY:

ANGIE MURILLO ATENCIO

ALEJANDRA CORTES CASTAÑO

MARIA CAROLINA SOLERA CARDENAS

LUISA FERNANDA SALGADO PACHECO

UNIVERSITY OF CORDOBA

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Food Engineering Program

2017

INTRODUCTION

In the food industry, the raw materials used, whether for


transform them into a final product or simply to carry out treatments of
Conservation in order to avoid deterioration, it is necessary to take into account the type
of storage that will be applied to said product.

Proper handling and storage of materials (raw materials and


products) ensures the proper development of a process that involves them.
Furthermore, the benefits are not only technical and operational, but also
companies achieve competitive advantages to provide the desired level of services
to the customer at a reasonable cost.

The properties that make up solids are very important.


(shapes, size, density, resistances, etc.) since these are more difficult to
thus require appropriate storage means that help
improve the characteristics regarding their handling.

The following work will study the different storage systems.


of solids, necessary to ensure proper handling and improve the
hygiene and safety conditions.
OBJECTIVES

General

Recognize the characteristics of the different storage systems


for solids.

Specific

Differentiate the types of storage and uses according to the


characteristics of solids.
Know the different advantages and disadvantages that are presented in each
storage system.
STORAGE OF SOLIDS

Solids are characterized by resisting changes in shape and


volume, these solids are frequently found in the form of particles by
which requires knowledge of its characteristics to ensure the design
of processes and storage equipment that operate with currents that
contains such particles.

Particle-shaped solids are divided into two classes: cohesive and non-cohesive.
cohesive. Non-cohesive materials such as grains flow easily from
deposits or silos, while cohesive particles are characterized by their
difficulty flowing through holes.

The flow characteristics of solids are of great importance in many


transport and storage situations. When a particulate material is
stored, it must be ensured that the product can be recovered with the
original characteristics. Flowing solids are subjected to forces of:

Gravity

Friction

Cohesion (interparticle forces)

Adhesion (attraction between particles and walls)

SOLID STORAGE SYSTEMS

Particles depending on their characteristics can be stored in:

Outdoor storage (bulk).


Storage in Deposits
Silos
Troughs
Pressure in tanks and silos
Deposit download

Outdoor storage

Coarse materials, such as gravel and coal, are stored outdoors.


in large stackings. When it comes to hundreds or thousands of tons
of material, this is the most economical method. The solids are removed from
stacking by means of a conveyor belt or an excavator. The
outdoor storage can lead to environmental problems such as
as powder formation or leaching of soluble material contained in the
piling. The formation of dust may require some type of coating.
protector of the stored solid; leaching can be controlled by coating the
stacking or building a shallow pond at its base with the
waterproofed bottom, from where the liquid can be safely removed from
leaching.

Advantages

This is a storage method that helps to save in case of


there are hundreds or thousands of tons of solid material.

. Disadvantages

Outdoor storage can lead to environmental issues such as


such as: dust formation or leaching of soluble materials contained in the
stacking.

Storage in Deposits

The solids that are too valuable or too soluble to be


exposed to the elements, they are stored in tanks, hoppers or silos, which are
cylindrical or rectangular containers made of concrete or metal. All these
containers are loaded from the top using some type of elevator,
while the discharge is generally performed through the bottom. The main
The design problem of a tank is to achieve satisfactory discharge.

Silos are usually tall and of relatively small diameter, while


that the deposits are quite wide and not very high.
A hopper is a small container with a sloping bottom, used to
the temporary storage before introducing the solids such as
feeding of the process.

Silos: The silo is usually closed and should be equipped at the top.
with a chimney or pipe to decompress the interior due to overpressure
produced by filling In order to prevent dust from escaping into the atmosphere, it should
to be connected with a sleeve filter.

Advantages

Excellent effectiveness.

Simple and low maintenance operating system.

High storage capacity, without excessive height.

Completely dismantlable

Desventajas

Fires and Explosions

Mechanical accidents and entrapments

There are different types of silos.

. Tower silos are the most common structures for storage.


that can be found and can be found built in various
materials such as concrete, steel, wood, cement, among others. Their cost
it can vary as well as its durability. Regarding its use, they are usually employed
to store grains or materials. it is a structure typically 4 to
8 m in diameter and 10 to 25 m. Generally 4 to 8 m in diameter and 10 to 25.
m. in height. It can be built from materials such as height.
. Bunker silos stand out for their trench shape, which has walls.
made of concrete and a cover or airtight tarpaulin to seal. It is a
It is one of the most economical silo options available and therefore is widely used.
for large storage operations.
. Bag silos are large plastic bags, generally 2 to 2½.
m. large size, generally 2 to 2½ m in diameter, and with a length that
it varies in diameter, and in a length that varies depending on the amount of the
material depending on the amount of material to be stored. It
They are compacted using a storage. They are compacted using a machine.
made for that purpose, and both machine made for that purpose, and both ends
finals are sealed, they are sealed.

Hoppers. A device similar to a large funnel intended for storage and


piping of granular or powdered materials, among others. Sometimes,
it is mounted on a chassis that allows for transport. -Generally it is in shape
conical and it always has sloping walls like those of a large cone, in such a way
the loading is done from the top and forms a cone the unloading is
is performed through a lower gate.

Advantages

Less segregation.

Less pollution.

Disadvantages:

Larger investment.

Higher maintenance cost.


Pressure in devices, hoppers and silos

When granular solids are stored in a container or a hopper, the pressure


lateral exerted on the walls at any point is less than the calculated at
starting from the load of material located above that point. In addition,
there is generally friction between the wall and the grains of solid and, due to the
intertwining of the particles, the effect of this friction propagates through
from the mass. The frictional force on the wall tends to counteract the weight of the
solid and reduces the pressure exerted by the mass on the bottom of the container. In
in extreme cases, this effect causes the mass to form an arch or bridge,
form that although the material located beneath the solid mass is retained, it
does not fall.

An expression for the calculation of the pressure exerted by a granular solid on the
the circular base of a deposit with vertical walls can be deduced in the form
as indicated below.

fig Forces in a circular tank with sides


verticals.

The figure shows a horizontal layer of thickness dZ located at a distance Z.


from the upper surface of the solids. The inner radius of the tank is r and the height
the total of the solids is Zt. For level Z, it is assumed that the differential layer is a
piston that presses against the solid situated below and that the piston is
driven by a concentrated vertical force Fvthat acts from the part
superior. Therefore, the vertical pressure pv at level Z is
Download of the deposit

Solids tend to discharge through any opening of a container, but


They drain better through a hole located at the bottom. The pressure in a
lateral outflow is less than the vertical pressure at the same level, such that the
the outlet is obstructed more easily; furthermore, the removal of solids by a
side outlet of a tank considerably increases the lateral pressure on the
another side during the time that the solid is flowing. An outlet at the bottom does not
it gets obstructed so easily and does not generate abnormally high pressures on
no point on the walls. Except for small deposits, it is not possible.
open the entire fund for download. Usually a conical or pyramidal fund
lead to a small closed circular outlet with a valve or to a feeder
rotary.

Therefore, to initiate the flow and keep the material in motion, often
se requieren vibradores sobre las paredes del depósito cuchillas rascadoras cerca
from the bottom of the tank, or air jets at the discharge opening.

Organize the equations, number the graphs, rewrite equations and


complement information.

conclusion

Today is when storage at the source becomes important, as it allows for physical control of
the grains, and thus save on conditioning services and improve the conditions of
marketing, reducing intermediary costs, improving freight rates and the
storage, capitalizing on quality improvements on stored grains, all this leading to
result an additional margin to production. Complement
BIBLIOGRAPHY

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]
SOLIDS

[Link]
[Link]

mccabe 882

[Link]

You might also like