9/29/25, 11:43 PM Disaster Risk Reduction Management Awareness - Taskade

Disaster Risk Reduction Management Awareness

Philippine Risk Profile

The Philippines can be found along the typhoon belt in the Pacific. It is visited by an average of 20
typhoons every year, five of which are considered destructive. Being located in the "Pacific Ring of Fire"
makes it vulnerable to frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Its geographical location and
physical environment also contribute to its high susceptibility to tsunamis, sea level rise, storm surges,
landslides, floods/flash floods, and drought. Furthermore, 80% of the world's largest earthquakes occur
in the ring of fire.

Geographical Profile of Bulacan

Bulacan is part of the Metro Luzon Urban Beltway Super Region.
It is located immediately north of Metro Manila.
It has 569 barangays from 21 municipalities.
Three component cities:
1. Malolos (Capital)
2. Meycauayan
3. San Jose del Monte
4. Baliwag
Population count: 3,708,890 (2020 Census)
Highest in Region 3
2nd most populous in the Philippines
It covers 2,783.69 km².

Risk Profile of Bulacan

Hydrometeorological Hazards
Frequent Flooding – especially in Hagonoy, Calumpit, Malolos, Marilao.
Heavy Rains & Typhoons (June–Nov).
Storm Surges along coastal towns.
Geological Hazards
Earthquake Risk – Bulacan is near the West Valley Fault.
Liquefaction/Subsidence – some areas sink due to soft soil & groundwater use.
Landslides – possible in upland/eastern areas.
Coastal Risks
Storm surge up to 3–4 meters in northern coastal areas.
Sea-level rise & reclamation projects worsen risks.
Human & Environmental Factors
Ongoing flood control projects and reclamation can both help and harm (displacement, ecosystem
change).
Preparedness
PDRRMO (Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office) leads monitoring, rescue,
and awareness.
Bulacan has been recognized for good disaster management (Gawad KALASAG award).

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Disaster
a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human,
material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected
community or society to cope using its own resources.

Types of Disaster
Man-Made or Anthropogenic Hazards
Hazards caused by human action or inaction.
Industrial Accidents
Deforestation
Illegal Logging
Chemical Leaks/Spill over
Terrorist activities
Stampedes
Natural Disaster
A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth.
A natural disaster can cause loss of life or property damage and typically leaves some economic
damage in its wake. The severity depends on the affected population's resilience or ability to
recover and also on the infrastructure available.
Examples of Disaster
1. Typhoon
2. Flood/Flash Flood
3. Landslide
4. Earthquake
5. Volcanic eruption
6. Wildfire
7. Drought
8. Tornadoes and Severe Storm
9. Tsunami

Typhoon or Tropical Storm

A tropical cyclone that forms and occurs in the north-western Pacific or Indian oceans.
Classifications of Philippine Typhoons
In the Philippines, typhoons are classified based on their maximum sustained winds and strengths.
Based on Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA),
they are identified as follows:
1. Tropical Depression (TD): A tropical cyclone with 62 kilometers per hour maximum sustained
winds.
2. Tropical Storm (TS): Has maximum sustained winds of 62 to 88 kilometers per hour.
3. Severe Tropical Storm (STS): Has maximum sustained winds of 87 to 117 kilometers per hour.
4. Typhoon (TY): Considered a typhoon if the maximum wind speed reaches 118 to 184 kilometers per
hour.
5. Super Typhoon (ST): Classified as the strongest typhoon or Category 5 if it exceeds 185
kilometers per hour.

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Typhoon/Flood Situation
Flood - is an overflow or accumulation of an expanse of water that submerges land. In the sense of
"flowing water," the term may also be used to describe the inflow of the tide. Flooding may result from
the volume of water within a body of water, such as a river or lake, which overflows or breaks levees,
with the result that some of the water escapes its usual boundaries.
Flood Causes
NATURAL
Meteorological Events
an intense and prolonged rainfall spells
unusually high coastal and estuarine waters due to storm surges, seiches, etc.
Seismic Activities
tsunamis (seismic sea waves)
sinking of land due to earthquakes reduces the elevation of land areas
uplifting of lake and river beds from seismic causes sometime results in the overflowing of these
bodies of water
Atronomically-Influenced Phenomena
high tides coinciding with the occurrence of heavy rainfall
ARTIFICIAL
Blasting
causes landslides in the slopes of hills and mountains which may result in the unintentional
damming of rivers and streams
Construction of temporary dams
produces an impediment to the flow of a river or stream which then results in an overflow
Failure of hydraulic and other control structures
accidents like the breaking of a dike result in the entry of an enormous quantity of water in a
protected area
Mismanagement of hydraulic structures
may necessitate an untimely and sudden release of large amounts of excess water
Denudation of forest and watershed areas
alter the ecological system in a river basin will have an impact on the hydrology of the catchment
The 2012 Luzon Southwest Monsoon Floods (Hagupít ng Habagat, Bagsík ng Habagat)
An eight-day period of torrential rain and thunderstorms in Luzon in the Philippines from August 1 to
August 8, 2012. Its effects centered on Metro Manila, the surrounding provinces of the Calabarzon
region (Quezon, Cavite, Laguna, and Rizal), and the provinces of Central Luzon (Bulacan, Pampanga,
and Bataan). Not a typhoon, the storm was a strong movement of the southwest monsoon caused by
the pull of Typhoon Gener from August 1–3, strengthened by Typhoon Haikui.
It caused typhoon-like damage: the most damage caused by rain since September 2009 when
Typhoon Ketsana (Ondoy) struck Metro Manila. The heavy rain caused the Marikina River to overflow,
destroying areas also affected by Ketsana, triggering a landslide in the Commonwealth area and
collapsing the northbound Marcos Highway.

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Tsunami
A series of ocean waves generated by sudden displacements in the sea floor, landslides, or volcanic
activity.
Derived from the Japanese terms "tsu" and "nami," which means "harbor wave" when translated
literally. In the deep ocean, the tsunami wave may only be a few inches high.
The tsunami wave may come gently ashore or may increase in height to become a fast-moving wall of
turbulent water several meters high. Sometimes, tsunamis are also called tidal waves.
What is the biggest tsunami in Philippines?
A magnitude 8.1 earthquake on August 17, 1976, generated by the movement along the Cotabato trench
produced massive tsunami waves as high as nine meters. Around 8,000 people were killed or missing,
and it is known as the most disastrous tsunami to hit the Philippines in the last four decades.

Volcanic Eruption
Refers to the release of gas, ash, molten materials or hot water into the atmosphere or onto the Earth's
surface from a volcano or other opening in the Earth's surface.
The world's largest volcanic eruption to happen in the past 100 years was the June 15, 1991
eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines.

Earthquake
Characterized by a weak to violent shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release of stored
energy beneath the earth's surface known as the lithosphere. This sudden release of energy generates
seismic waves that cause massive vibrations. The spot underground where the earthquake started is
called the focus or hypocenter, while the point on the surface or top of the ground right above the
focus is called the epicenter.
ANATOMY OF AN EARTHQUAKE
FAULT
A FRACTURE IN THE ROCKS THAT MAKE UP THE EARTH'S CRUST
EPICENTER
THE POINT AT THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH DIRECTLY ABOVE THE FOCUS
FOCUS (HYPOCENTER)
THE POINT WITHIN THE EARTH WHERE AN EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE STARTS
PLATES
MASSIVE ROCKS THAT MAKE UP THE OUTER LAYER OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE, AND WHOSE
MOVEMENT ALONG FAULTS TRIGGERS EARTHQUAKES
BEISMIC WAVES
WAVES THAT TRANSMIT THE ENERGY RELEASED BY AN EARTHQUAKE
MAGNITUDE
It is the energy released by an earthquake at the focus. It is calculated from earthquakes recorded
by an instrument called SEISMOGRAPH.
INTENSITY
It is the strength of an earthquake perceived and felt by people in a certain locality. Intensity is
generally higher near the epicenter.
When was the last major earthquake in Philippines?
On July 27, 2022, at 8:43:24 a.m. (PHT), an earthquake struck the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The
earthquake had a magnitude of 7.0 Mw, with an epicenter in Abra province.

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Landslide
Defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Landslides are a type of
"mass wasting," which denotes any down-slope movement of soil and rock under the direct influence
of gravity.
What is the biggest landslide in the Philippines?
On February 17, 2006, a massive rockslide-debris avalanche occurred in the Philippine province of
Southern Leyte, causing widespread damage and loss of life.
Location:
Guinsaugon, Saint Bernard, Southern Leyte, Philippines Southern Leyte province Southern Leyte
province (Philippines)

Fire Situation
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and
various reaction products. Slower oxidative processes such as rusting or digestion are not considered
part of this definition.

Pandemic Situation
An outbreak/epidemic of a disease occurring worldwide or in a very widespread area that usually
affects a large volume of people.

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

State of Calamity
A condition involving mass casualty and/or major damages to property, disruption of means of
livelihoods, roads and normal way of life of people in affected areas as a result of natural or human-
induced hazard occurrence.
Hazard
A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or
other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption,
or environmental damage.
Vulnerability
The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to
damaging effects of a hazard.
Vulnerability may arise from various physical, social, economic, and environmental factors.
Exposure
The degree to which elements at risk are likely to experience hazard events of different magnitudes.
Capacity
A combination of all strengths and resources available within a community, society or organization that
can reduce risk levels or disaster effects.
This may include infrastructure and physical means, institutions, societal coping abilities, as well as
human knowledge, skills and collective attributes such as social relationships, leadership and
management.
It may also be described as capability.
Disaster Risk
The potential disaster losses in lives, health status, livelihood, assets and services which could occur to
a particular community or society over some specified future time period.

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Scenario: Typhoon in Bulacan

Hazard:
A strong typhoon with heavy rains and winds.
Vulnerability:
Many houses are made of light materials (easily damaged).
Some families have low income and limited access to resources.
Exposure:
Families live near riverbanks and flood-prone areas.
Schools and farms are within storm paths.
Capacity:
Barangay has limited evacuation centers.
Some residents prepared emergency kits and participated in disaster drills.

RA 10121: Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010

Enacted on May 27, 2010:
Strengthens Philippines’ disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) system.
Establishes National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) to replace
NDCC.
Requires every LGU (province, city, municipality, barangay) to have its own DRRM council and office.
Mandates at least 5% of local government budgets for Local DRRM Fund.
Promotes community-based, multi-sectoral, proactive disaster preparedness.

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

A systematic approach to identify, assess, and reduce risks by lessening vulnerabilities, limiting
hazards, improving preparedness response and recovery.
Office of Civil Defense (OCD)
Administers comprehensive national civil defense and disaster risk reduction management program.
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)
Acts as top coordinator for all disaster management resources allocation in Philippines ensuring
protection during disasters/emergencies.
to address national programs for disaster management focusing on the four (4) thematic areas of
disaster:
Disaster Prevention & Mitigation
Disaster Preparedness
Disaster Response
Rehabilitation & Recovery

The Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (RDRRMCs)

shall be responsible in ensuring disaster sensitive regional development plans, and in case of
emergencies shall convene the different regional line agencies and concerned institutions and
authorities.
shall coordinate, integrate, supervise, and evaluate the activities of the LDRRMCs.

Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (LDRRMO) in every province, city and
municipality, and a Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee (BDRRMC) in
every barangay.

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Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction Education into the School Curricula and Sangguniang
Kabataan (SK) Program and Mandatory Training for the Public Sector Employees.
It is also the legal basis to integrate disaster risk reduction and management education in the school
curricula of secondary and tertiary level of education, including the National Service Training
Program (NSTP).
Four Thematic Areas of Disaster:
1. Disaster Prevention
Outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.
Hazard and Risk Mapping
Mitigation
Lessening or limit the adverse impact of natural hazards, environmental degradation and
technological hazard.
Early Warning System
Forecasting and Monitoring
2. Disaster Preparedness
the knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery
organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from,
the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions
Factors:
Awareness
Knowledge
Skills
Equipment
3. Disaster Response
the provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster
in order to save lives, reduce health impacts.
ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected.
(Disaster Relief) Emergency relief - food, non-food items, shelter, medical supplies and
evacuation camp management.
Declaration of state of calamity, suspension of classes and work.
4. Rehabilitation & Recovery
Measures ensuring affected communities' ability restoring normal functioning level rebuilding
livelihood/damaged infrastructures/increasing organizational capacity.
Restoring public facilities and livelihood
Food and Cash for work program
Permanent housing
Health care and wellness

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