📌 Node.

js Intern (Fresher) Interview

Questions & Answers
1. Basic JavaScript & [Link]
Q1. What is [Link] and why is it used?​
A:​
[Link] is a runtime environment that allows JavaScript to run outside the browser.​
It is used for building fast, scalable, and event-driven backend applications because of its
non-blocking I/O and single-threaded architecture.

Q2. What is the difference between [Link] and JavaScript?​

A:

●​ JavaScript: A programming language that runs in the browser.​

●​ [Link]: A runtime that allows JavaScript to run on the server side, enabling backend
development.​

Q3. What is npm?​

A:

●​ npm stands for Node Package Manager.​

●​ It is used to install, manage, and share libraries/packages in [Link] projects.​

●​ Example: npm install express​

2. REST APIs & Backend

Q4. What is a REST API?​
A:​
REST (Representational State Transfer) API is a way to structure communication between
client and server using HTTP methods like:

●​ GET → Retrieve data​

●​ POST → Send data​

●​ PUT → Update data​

●​ DELETE → Remove data​

Q5. Can you explain how you would create a simple API in [Link]?​
A:​
Yes, using [Link]:

const express = require('express');

const app = express();
const PORT = 3000;

[Link]('/', (req, res) => {

[Link]('Hello, World!');
});

[Link](PORT, () => {
[Link](`Server running on [Link]
});

3. Databases (MongoDB/MySQL Basics)

Q6. What is the difference between MongoDB and MySQL?​
A:

●​ MongoDB → NoSQL database, stores data in JSON-like documents, flexible schema.​

●​ MySQL → Relational database, stores data in tables with rows & columns, fixed
schema.​
Q7. How do you connect [Link] to MongoDB?​
A: Using mongoose library:

const mongoose = require('mongoose');

[Link]('mongodb://localhost:27017/mydb', { useNewUrlParser: true })

.then(() => [Link]('Connected to MongoDB'))
.catch(err => [Link](err));

4. Git & Version Control

Q8. What is Git and why do developers use it?​
A:​
Git is a version control system used to track changes in code, collaborate with teams, and
manage different versions of a project.

●​ git init → Initialize repository​

●​ git add . → Stage changes​

●​ git commit -m "message" → Save changes​

●​ git push → Upload to GitHub​

5. Coding/Problem Solving
Q9. Write a function in JavaScript to reverse a string.​
A:

function reverseString(str) {
return [Link]('').reverse().join('');
}

[Link](reverseString("hello")); // "olleh"

Q10. How would you handle errors in [Link]?​

A:
 ●​ Using try...catch blocks.​

●​ Handling errors in callbacks.​

●​ Using next(err) in Express middleware.​

Example:

[Link]('/', (req, res, next) => {

try {
throw new Error("Something went wrong");
} catch (err) {
next(err); // pass error to error handler
}
});

6. HR / Internship Fit
Q11. Why do you want to work as a [Link] Intern?​
A:​
"I want to strengthen my backend development skills and gain hands-on experience in building
scalable APIs. Working as a [Link] Intern will help me learn from senior developers and apply
my knowledge in real-world projects."

Q12. How do you handle challenges when you don’t know something?​
A:

●​ First, I try to research (official docs, StackOverflow, tutorials).​

●​ If stuck, I ask my team members or mentors.​

●​ I note down the solution so I don’t repeat the mistake.​

📌 50 [Link] Intern Interview Questions
& Answers

1. JavaScript Basics
Q1. What are the different data types in JavaScript?​
JavaScript has primitive types (string, number, boolean, null, undefined, symbol, bigint) and
non-primitive types (objects, arrays, functions).

Q2. What is the difference between == and === in JavaScript?​

== checks for value equality with type conversion, while === checks for both value and type
equality without conversion.

Q3. What is the difference between var, let, and const?

●​ var is function-scoped and hoisted.​

●​ let and const are block-scoped. const cannot be reassigned.​

Q4. What are arrow functions in JavaScript?​

Arrow functions provide a shorter syntax for functions and do not have their own this binding,
making them useful in callbacks.

Q5. What is a callback function?​

A callback is a function passed as an argument to another function and executed later, often
used in asynchronous programming.

Q6. What are promises in JavaScript?​

A promise represents a value that will be available in the future (resolved or rejected), making
asynchronous code easier to manage.

Q7. What is async/await in JavaScript?​

async/await is syntactic sugar over promises, allowing asynchronous code to be written in a
synchronous style for better readability.

Q8. What is hoisting in JavaScript?​

Hoisting is JavaScript’s behavior of moving declarations (variables and functions) to the top of
their scope before execution.
Q9. What is the difference between null and undefined?​
undefined means a variable has been declared but not assigned, while null is an intentional
absence of value.

Q10. What is event bubbling in JavaScript?​

Event bubbling is when an event propagates from the target element up through its parent
elements in the DOM tree.

2. [Link] Concepts
Q11. What is [Link] single-threaded model?​
[Link] runs on a single thread using an event loop, allowing it to handle multiple requests
concurrently without creating new threads.

Q12. What is the event loop in [Link]?​

The event loop continuously checks the call stack and callback queue, handling asynchronous
tasks efficiently.

Q13. What is the difference between blocking and non-blocking code?​

Blocking code stops execution until the operation completes, while non-blocking code allows
other operations to run while waiting.

Q14. What is middleware in [Link]?​

Middleware is a function that processes requests before they reach the final route handler,
often used for authentication, logging, and validation.

Q15. What are streams in [Link]?​

Streams are objects that allow reading or writing data continuously, useful for handling large
files without loading them entirely into memory.

Q16. What is the difference between require() and import?​

require() is used in CommonJS modules, while import is used in ES6 modules; both are
ways to include external files or packages.

Q17. How does [Link] handle multiple requests at once?​

[Link] uses its event loop and asynchronous callbacks to handle multiple requests
concurrently on a single thread.

Q18. What is [Link] and why is it used?​

[Link] is a lightweight [Link] framework for building web applications and APIs quickly
with features like routing and middleware.

Q19. How do you handle file uploads in [Link]?​

We use middleware like multer to parse incoming file data and store files on the server or
cloud storage.
Q20. What are environment variables in [Link]?​
Environment variables store configuration data (like database URLs, API keys) outside the
code, usually accessed via [Link].

3. REST APIs & Databases

Q21. What is CRUD in APIs?​
CRUD stands for Create, Read, Update, Delete — the four basic operations performed on data
in a database or API.

Q22. How do you secure an API in [Link]?​

By using authentication (JWT, OAuth), input validation, HTTPS, rate limiting, and sanitizing user
inputs against injections.

Q23. What is CORS in APIs?​

CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) allows browsers to request resources from a different
domain, controlled by headers on the server.

Q24. What is the difference between SQL and NoSQL databases?​

SQL databases use structured schemas with tables and rows, while NoSQL databases store
unstructured data like documents, key-value pairs, or graphs.

Q25. How do you query data in MongoDB?​

We use Mongoose methods like find(), findOne(), or findById() to fetch data based on
conditions.

Q26. What is indexing in databases?​

Indexing speeds up data retrieval by creating a quick lookup table, though it may slow down
write operations.

Q27. What is a schema in MongoDB (with Mongoose)?​

A schema defines the structure of documents in a MongoDB collection, including fields, data
types, and validation rules.

Q28. How do you connect [Link] with MySQL?​

By using the mysql2 or sequelize package, providing host, user, password, and database
credentials in connection setup.

Q29. What is the difference between save() and update() in MongoDB?​

save() inserts or updates a whole document, while update() modifies only specific fields of
an existing document.

Q30. What is aggregation in MongoDB?​

Aggregation is used for data processing and analysis, allowing grouping, filtering, and
transforming data using the aggregate() function.
4. Git & Tools
Q31. What is the difference between Git and GitHub?​
Git is a version control system, while GitHub is a cloud-based hosting service for Git
repositories that enables collaboration.

Q32. What is a pull request in GitHub?​

A pull request is a way to propose changes from one branch to another, usually reviewed by
teammates before merging.

Q33. What is the difference between git merge and git rebase?​
git merge combines branches by adding a new commit, while git rebase rewrites commit
history to create a cleaner timeline.

Q34. What is .gitignore used for?​

It specifies files and folders that Git should ignore, such as environment files, logs, or
node_modules.

Q35. What is the difference between git fetch and git pull?​
git fetch only downloads changes from the remote, while git pull downloads and
merges them into the current branch.

5. Coding/Problem Solving
Q36. Write a function to check if a number is even or odd in JavaScript.

function isEven(num) {
return num % 2 === 0 ? "Even" : "Odd";
}

Q37. Write a function to find the factorial of a number.

function factorial(n) {
if (n === 0) return 1;
return n * factorial(n - 1);
}

Q38. Write a function to find the largest number in an array.

function largest(arr) {
 return [Link](...arr);
}

Q39. Write a function to check if a string is a palindrome.

function isPalindrome(str) {
return str === [Link]('').reverse().join('');
}

Q40. How do you read a JSON file in [Link]?​

We can use [Link]('[Link]') and then parse it using [Link]().

6. HR / Internship Fit
Q41. Tell me about yourself.​
I am a fresher with skills in JavaScript, [Link], and databases. I am eager to apply my
knowledge in real projects and grow as a backend developer.

Q42. Why should we hire you as a [Link] Intern?​

I have a strong foundation in JavaScript and [Link], quick learning ability, and enthusiasm to
contribute to backend development.

Q43. What are your strengths?​

My strengths are problem-solving, quick learning, and teamwork. I am also detail-oriented and
dedicated to writing clean code.

Q44. What are your weaknesses?​

Sometimes I spend extra time perfecting code, but I am learning to balance efficiency with
quality.

Q45. Where do you see yourself in 3 years?​

I see myself as a skilled backend developer, contributing to scalable applications and possibly
leading small teams.

Q46. How do you handle tight deadlines?​

I prioritize tasks, break them into smaller steps, and stay focused while communicating
progress with my team.

Q47. How do you handle conflicts in a team?​

I listen to both sides, discuss calmly, and try to find a solution that benefits the project and
maintains team harmony.
Q48. What do you expect from this internship?​
I expect hands-on experience in [Link] projects, mentorship from senior developers, and
opportunities to improve my coding skills.

Q49. How do you stay updated with new technologies?​

I follow developer blogs, official documentation, YouTube tutorials, and practice on GitHub
projects.

Q50. Do you prefer frontend or backend development, and why?​

I prefer backend development because I enjoy working with data, APIs, and server logic, which
feels more problem-solving oriented.
📌 [Link] Intern Coding Questions
(Fresher Level)

1. Hello World API

👉 Write an [Link] API that returns "Hello, World!" when a GET request is made to /.
Answer (Code):

const express = require('express');

const app = express();
const PORT = 3000;

[Link]('/', (req, res) => {

[Link]('Hello, World!');
});

[Link](PORT, () => [Link](`Server running on port ${PORT}`));

2. Create a Simple CRUD API (Users)

👉 Build an API with the following routes:
●​ POST /users → Add user​

●​ GET /users → Get all users​

●​ PUT /users/:id → Update user​

●​ DELETE /users/:id → Delete user​

Answer (Code - using in-memory array):

const express = require('express');

const app = express();
[Link]([Link]());
let users = []; // temporary storage

// Create
[Link]('/users', (req, res) => {
[Link]([Link]);
[Link]({ message: "User added", users });
});

// Read
[Link]('/users', (req, res) => {
[Link](users);
});

// Update
[Link]('/users/:id', (req, res) => {
const id = [Link];
users[id] = [Link];
[Link]({ message: "User updated", users });
});

// Delete
[Link]('/users/:id', (req, res) => {
const id = [Link];
[Link](id, 1);
[Link]({ message: "User deleted", users });
});

[Link](3000, () => [Link]("Server running on port 3000"));

3. Connect [Link] with MongoDB

👉 Write code to connect [Link] to a local MongoDB database.
const mongoose = require('mongoose');

[Link]('mongodb://localhost:27017/internDB', { useNewUrlParser: true,

useUnifiedTopology: true })
.then(() => [Link]("MongoDB Connected"))
.catch(err => [Link](err));

4. Create User Schema in MongoDB

👉 Define a User schema with name, email, and age fields using Mongoose.
const mongoose = require('mongoose');

const userSchema = new [Link]({

name: String,
email: String,
age: Number
});

const User = [Link]("User", userSchema);

[Link] = User;

5. Build Login API with Express

👉 Write a login API that checks if username and password are correct.
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
[Link]([Link]());

const USERS = [{ username: "admin", password: "1234" }];

[Link]('/login', (req, res) => {

const { username, password } = [Link];
const user = [Link](u => [Link] === username && [Link] === password);

if (user) [Link]({ message: "Login successful" });

else [Link](401).json({ message: "Invalid credentials" });
});

[Link](3000, () => [Link]("Server running on port 3000"));

6. Read JSON File in [Link]

👉 Write code to read [Link] and return it as a response.
const fs = require('fs');
const express = require('express');
const app = express();

[Link]('/data', (req, res) => {

 const data = [Link]('[Link]');
[Link]([Link](data));
});

[Link](3000, () => [Link]("Server running on port 3000"));

7. Build API with Query Parameters

👉 Create an API /greet?name=Ashish → returns "Hello Ashish".
[Link]('/greet', (req, res) => {
const name = [Link] || "Guest";
[Link](`Hello ${name}`);
});

8. Write Middleware for Logging Requests

👉 Create a middleware that logs request method and URL.
const logger = (req, res, next) => {
[Link](`${[Link]} ${[Link]}`);
next();
};

[Link](logger);

9. Upload File with Multer

👉 Write an API to upload a file.
const multer = require('multer');
const upload = multer({ dest: 'uploads/' });

[Link]('/upload', [Link]('file'), (req, res) => {

[Link]({ message: "File uploaded", file: [Link] });
});
10. Build API with Route Parameters
👉 Create an API /user/:id that returns "User ID is <id>".
[Link]('/user/:id', (req, res) => {
[Link](`User ID is ${[Link]}`);
});
📌 JavaScript Interview Questions &
Answers (with Code)

1. What are the different data types in JavaScript?

JavaScript has primitive types (string, number, boolean, null, undefined, symbol, bigint) and
non-primitive types (object, array, function).

let name = "Ashish"; // string

let age = 22; // number
let isIntern = true; // boolean
let value = null; // null
let data; // undefined
let user = { id: 1 }; // object

2. What is the difference between == and ===?

●​ == → compares values after type conversion.​

●​ === → compares values and types (strict equality).​

[Link](5 == "5"); // true

[Link](5 === "5"); // false

3. What is hoisting in JavaScript?

Hoisting moves declarations (not initializations) to the top of the scope.

[Link](a); // undefined
var a = 10; // variable is hoisted but not its value

4. What are arrow functions?

Arrow functions provide a shorter syntax and don’t have their own this.
const add = (a, b) => a + b;
[Link](add(3, 4)); // 7

5. What is the difference between var, let, and const?

●​ var → function-scoped, can be redeclared.​

●​ let → block-scoped, can be reassigned.​

●​ const → block-scoped, cannot be reassigned.​

var x = 1;
let y = 2;
const z = 3;

6. What is a closure?
A closure is a function that remembers its outer scope even after execution.

function outer() {
let count = 0;
return function inner() {
count++;
return count;
};
}
const counter = outer();
[Link](counter()); // 1
[Link](counter()); // 2

7. What are promises in JavaScript?

Promises represent future values for async operations.

const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {

setTimeout(() => resolve("Done!"), 1000);
});
[Link](result => [Link](result)); // Done!

8. What is async/await?
async/await is syntactic sugar for promises, making async code easier to read.

async function fetchData() {

let data = await [Link]("Hello");
[Link](data);
}
fetchData(); // Hello

9. Explain event bubbling and capturing.

●​ Bubbling → Event goes from child → parent.​

●​ Capturing → Event goes from parent → child.​

[Link]("btn").addEventListener("click", () => {
[Link]("Button clicked");
});

10. How do you copy an object in JavaScript?

We can use spread operator or [Link]().

let user = { name: "Ashish" };

let copy1 = { ...user };
let copy2 = [Link]({}, user);

11. How to reverse a string in JavaScript?

function reverse(str) {
return [Link]("").reverse().join("");
}
[Link](reverse("hello")); // olleh
12. How to find the largest number in an array?
let arr = [3, 9, 2, 7];
[Link]([Link](...arr)); // 9

13. How to check if a number is prime?

function isPrime(n) {
if (n <= 1) return false;
for (let i = 2; i < n; i++) {
if (n % i === 0) return false;
}
return true;
}
[Link](isPrime(7)); // true

14. How to check if a string is a palindrome?

function isPalindrome(str) {
return str === [Link]("").reverse().join("");
}
[Link](isPalindrome("madam")); // true

15. How to remove duplicates from an array?

let arr = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4];
let unique = [...new Set(arr)];
[Link](unique); // [1, 2, 3, 4]

16. What is the difference between map(), filter(), and

forEach()?
●​ map() → transforms array elements.​
 ●​ filter() → selects specific elements.​

●​ forEach() → executes function for each element.​

let nums = [1, 2, 3, 4];

[Link]([Link](n => n * 2)); // [2, 4, 6, 8]
[Link]([Link](n => n % 2)); // [1, 3]
[Link](n => [Link](n)); // prints 1,2,3,4

17. How to flatten an array in JavaScript?

let arr = [1, [2, [3, 4]]];
[Link]([Link](2)); // [1, 2, 3, 4]

18. How to sort numbers in ascending order?

let nums = [10, 5, 8, 1];
[Link]((a, b) => a - b);
[Link](nums); // [1, 5, 8, 10]

19. What is the difference between null and undefined?

●​ null → intentional absence of value.​

●​ undefined → variable declared but not assigned.​

let a; // undefined
let b = null; // null

20. What is the difference between call(), apply(), and

bind()?
●​ call() → calls function with arguments individually.​
 ●​ apply() → calls function with arguments as array.​

●​ bind() → returns a new function with this bound.​

function greet(msg) {
[Link](`${msg}, ${[Link]}`);
}
const user = { name: "Ashish" };
[Link](user, "Hello"); // Hello, Ashish
[Link](user, ["Hi"]); // Hi, Ashish
const bound = [Link](user, "Hey");
bound(); // Hey, Ashish