Chapter – 04
Chemical Bonding
10. Which has greater lattice energy NaCl or MgO?
11. What is the decreasing order of boiling points of HF,
QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE HCl, HBr, HI and why?
1. Calculate the and bonds in CH4 molecule. 12. Which bond is most polar? S – Cl, S – Br, Se – Cl, or
2. How many and bonds are there in acetylene Se – Br.
(C2H2) molecule? 13. Why does PCl5 dissociate to give PCl3 and Cl2?
3. How many and bonds are there in benzene
(C6H6) molecule?
4. How many and bonds are there in the
following molecule ?
5. Calculate the and bonds in SO3 molecule.
6. What type of hybridization is present on the carbon
atoms in the following compound? H2C = CH – CH =
CH2.
7. What type of hybridization is present on the carbon
atoms of benzene?
8. , what type of
hybridization is present on the carbon atoms in this
compound?
9. BeCl2 is a linear molecule whereas CaCl2 is not, why?
Short and Long type Questions
1. What are Lewis structures? Explain with examples.
2. What is Fajan’s rule? How does it explain covalent character in an ionic compound?
3. What is formal charge (F.C.)? How does it explain the stability of a molecule?
4. What is hydrogen bonding? Give examples of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
5. What is molecular orbital theory? Sketch the molecular orbital diagram of H2, and He2.
6. Write the important features of linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO).
7. Explain the reason why:
(a) H2O is more polar than H2S?
(b) HF is more polar than HI?
(c) Sulphur (Z = 16) exhibits variable covalency of 2, 4 and 6?
8. What are ionic compounds? Describe some of their important properties. Explain the following:
(i) Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when they are in the solid state, but they conduct electricity
in solution or in the fused state.
(ii) Ionic solids have high melting and boiling points and are quite hard.
(iii) Ionic solids are soluble in polar solvents but not in non – polar solvents.
(iv) For an ionic solid to dissolve in a polar solvent the solvation energy of the solvent must be greater than
the lattice energy of the solid.
(v) Ionic solids are highly brittle.
9. Draw the MO diagrams for O2, . Calculate the bond order and predict their paramagnetic behavior.
10. What is metallic bond? What is its nature? How does it differ from an ionic and a covalent bond?
11. Explain the following:
(a) NCl5 does not exist while PCl5 does.
(b) HCl is predominantly covalent in gaseous state while it is ionic in aqueous solution.
(c) NaCl is soluble in H2O while BaSO4 is not.
(d) H2O is a liquid while H2S is a gas.
(e) Ice floats on water.
(f) NaCl conducts electricity when it is in fused state but not in the solid state.
(g) Ionic compounds have higher melting points than covalent compounds.
(h) H2O is more polar than H2S.
(i) HF is more polar than HI.
12. Arrange NH3, H2O and CH4 in the increasing order of their bond angle. Give reason.
NCERT Text Book
1. Write Lewis dot symbols for the elements Mg, Na,
B, O, N, Br.
2. Write Lewis symbols for the following atoms and
ions: S and S2-, Al and Al3+, H and H-.
3. Draw the Lewis structure for the following
molecules and ions: H2S, SiCl4, BeF2, ,
HCOOH.
4. Define octet rule. Write the significance and
limitations.
5. Write the favourable conditions for the formation
of ionic compound.
6. Discuss the shapes of the following molecules
using VSEPR model. BeCl2, BCl3, SiCl4, AsF5, H2S, PH3.
7. Bond angle in water (H2O) is less than ammonia,
why?
8. Explain the important facts of resonance with
reference to carbonate ion .
9. Write the resonance structures of SO3, and
.
10. Write the significance/application of dipole
moment.
11. Arrange the following molecules in order of
increasing ionic character of their bonds:
LiF, K2O, N2, SO2, CIF3
12. Which out of NH3 and NF3 has higher dipole
moment and why?
13. What is meant by hybridization of atomic orbitals?
Describe the shapes of sp, sp2, sp3 hybrid orbitals.
14. Is there any change in the hybridization of B and N
atoms as a result of the following reaction?
15. Draw diagrams showing the formation of double
bond and a triple bond between carbon atoms in
C2H4 and C2H2 molecules.
16. Distinguish between a sigma and a pi bond.
17. Explain the formation of H2 molecule on the basis
of valence bond theory.
18. Use molecular orbital theory to explain why the
Be2 molecule does not exist?
19. Compare the relative stability of the following
species and indicate their magnetic properties:
O2, (superoxide), (peroxide).
20. Describe the hybridization in case of PCl5. Why are
the axial bonds longer as compared to equatorial
bonds?
21. What is meant by the term bond order? Calculate
the bond order of: N2, O2, .